Question 1

The transition from sugar pine to white fir forests in California was caused mainly by:

Accepted Answer

A)  volcanic eruptions. 
B)  frequent earthquakes. 
C)  logging. 
D)  reduced numbers of forest fires. 
E)  reduced numbers of settlers. 
A)  volcanic eruptions. 
B)  frequent earthquakes. 
C)  logging. 
D)  reduced numbers of forest fires. 
E)  reduced numbers of settlers.

Question 2

Herbivores usually occupy the base of a pyramid of energy.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

According to the cooperative model for an ecosystem, herbivores do not do irreparable harm to plants.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

All plants are autotrophs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Energy is recycled in an ecosystem.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

An example of a parasitoid is a wasp.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Secondary metabolites are chemicals produced by plants that deter insect herbivores.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

In the bull's-horn acacia, Beltian bodies provide food for ants of the genus Pseudomyrmex.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

_______ would be found at the base of a pyramid of energy.

Accepted Answer

A)  Oak trees 
B)  Elephants 
C)  Mushrooms 
D)  Birds 
E)  Fish 
A)  Oak trees 
B)  Elephants 
C)  Mushrooms 
D)  Birds 
E)  Fish

Question 10

Strains of the Fusarium fungus produce _______ that counter the production of ______ by pea plants.

Accepted Answer

A)  chromenes; helenanin 
B)  pisatin; chromenes 
C)  tannins; thorns 
D)  pyrethrum; waxy leaves 
E)  monooxygenases; pisatin 
A)  chromenes; helenanin 
B)  pisatin; chromenes 
C)  tannins; thorns 
D)  pyrethrum; waxy leaves 
E)  monooxygenases; pisatin

Question 11

______ includes, by definition, all the organisms in a particular place together with their environment.

Accepted Answer

A)  community 
B)  ecosystem 
C)  population 
D)  species 
E)  biosphere 
A)  community 
B)  ecosystem 
C)  population 
D)  species 
E)  biosphere

Question 12

Which of the following statements about an upright pyramid of energy is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  It represents the energy relationships among trophic levels. 
B)  The total energy of producers is represented at the base of the pyramid. 
C)  The total energy of consumers is greater than the total energy of producers. 
D)  The total energy of primary carnivores is greater than the total energy of secondary carnivores. 
E)  The total energy decreases at successively higher trophic levels. 
A)  It represents the energy relationships among trophic levels. 
B)  The total energy of producers is represented at the base of the pyramid. 
C)  The total energy of consumers is greater than the total energy of producers. 
D)  The total energy of primary carnivores is greater than the total energy of secondary carnivores. 
E)  The total energy decreases at successively higher trophic levels.

Question 13

An example of allelopathy is the inability of weeds to grow near sorghum plants.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The biosphere consists of all the Earth's:

Accepted Answer

A)  populations. 
B)  communities. 
C)  species. 
D)  autotrophs and heterotrophs. 
E)  ecosystems. 
A)  populations. 
B)  communities. 
C)  species. 
D)  autotrophs and heterotrophs. 
E)  ecosystems.

Question 15

In the northern Rocky Mountains, seedlings of Engelmann spruce outcompete seedlings of subalpine fir in sunny locations because the spruce:

Accepted Answer

A)  has a lower sensitivity to drought. 
B)  has a lower growth rate. 
C)  has a greater longevity. 
D)  grows to a greater size. 
E)  has more flexible growth requirements. 
A)  has a lower sensitivity to drought. 
B)  has a lower growth rate. 
C)  has a greater longevity. 
D)  grows to a greater size. 
E)  has more flexible growth requirements.

Question 16

Which of the following statements about the role of growth rate in competition is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Plants with a high growth rate often have an advantage over plants with a low growth rate. 
B)  Plants with a low growth rate may survive if they are able to photosynthesize at low light intensities. 
C)  Leaf arrangement, crown shape, and patterns of allocation of energy all affect growth rate. 
D)  A single combination of traits usually produces a competitor that is best in all environments. 
E)  Within a single community, different species may coexist because of adaptations to different microenvironments. 
A)  Plants with a high growth rate often have an advantage over plants with a low growth rate. 
B)  Plants with a low growth rate may survive if they are able to photosynthesize at low light intensities. 
C)  Leaf arrangement, crown shape, and patterns of allocation of energy all affect growth rate. 
D)  A single combination of traits usually produces a competitor that is best in all environments. 
E)  Within a single community, different species may coexist because of adaptations to different microenvironments.

Question 17

In allelopathy:

Accepted Answer

A)  the alleles of a bacterium or fungus produce pathogenic effects in a plant. 
B)  some alleles of a plant are pathogenic to that same plant. 
C)  chemicals produced by a bacterium inhibit growth of a plant. 
D)  chemicals produced by a fungus inhibit growth of a plant. 
E)  chemicals produced by one plant inhibit growth of another plant. 
A)  the alleles of a bacterium or fungus produce pathogenic effects in a plant. 
B)  some alleles of a plant are pathogenic to that same plant. 
C)  chemicals produced by a bacterium inhibit growth of a plant. 
D)  chemicals produced by a fungus inhibit growth of a plant. 
E)  chemicals produced by one plant inhibit growth of another plant.

Question 18

Mutualism is an interaction between two species in which:

Accepted Answer

A)  one species benefits and the other is harmed. 
B)  both species benefit. 
C)  both species are harmed. 
D)  one species benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped. 
E)  one species is harmed and the other is neither harmed nor helped. 
A)  one species benefits and the other is harmed. 
B)  both species benefit. 
C)  both species are harmed. 
D)  one species benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped. 
E)  one species is harmed and the other is neither harmed nor helped.

Question 19

A community consists of all the ______ in a particular area.

Accepted Answer

A)  individuals of a single species 
B)  plants 
C)  plants and animals 
D)  organisms 
E)  organisms and their environment 
A)  individuals of a single species 
B)  plants 
C)  plants and animals 
D)  organisms 
E)  organisms and their environment

Question 20

In general, approximately _____ percent of the energy in one trophic level can be assimilated into the next.

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  10 
C)  20 
D)  50 
E)  80 
A)  1 
B)  10 
C)  20 
D)  50 
E)  80

Exam 31: The Dynamics of Communities and Ecosystems

The transition from sugar pine to white fir forests in California was caused mainly by:

Herbivores usually occupy the base of a pyramid of energy.

According to the cooperative model for an ecosystem, herbivores do not do irreparable harm to plants.

All plants are autotrophs.

Energy is recycled in an ecosystem.

An example of a parasitoid is a wasp.

Secondary metabolites are chemicals produced by plants that deter insect herbivores.

In the bull's-horn acacia, Beltian bodies provide food for ants of the genus Pseudomyrmex.

_______ would be found at the base of a pyramid of energy.

Strains of the Fusarium fungus produce _______ that counter the production of ______ by pea plants.

______ includes, by definition, all the organisms in a particular place together with their environment.

Which of the following statements about an upright pyramid of energy is FALSE?

An example of allelopathy is the inability of weeds to grow near sorghum plants.

The biosphere consists of all the Earth's:

In the northern Rocky Mountains, seedlings of Engelmann spruce outcompete seedlings of subalpine fir in sunny locations because the spruce:

Which of the following statements about the role of growth rate in competition is FALSE?

In allelopathy:

Mutualism is an interaction between two species in which:

A community consists of all the ______ in a particular area.

In general, approximately _____ percent of the energy in one trophic level can be assimilated into the next.

Botany: an Introduction

The Molecular Composition of Plant Cells

The Plant Cell and the Cell Cycle

The Movement of Substances Into and Out of Cells

The Flow of Energy

Respiration

Photosynthesis, Light, and Life

Sexual Reproduction and Heredity

The Chemistry of Heredity and Gene Expression

Recombinant Dna Technology, Plant Biotechnology, and Genomics

The Process of Evolution

Systematics: the Science of Biological Diversity

Prokaryotes and Viruses

Fungi

Protists: Algae and Heterotrophic Protists

Bryophytes

Seedless Vascular Plants

Gymnosperms

Introduction to the Angiosperms

Evolution of the Angiosperms

Plants and People

Early Development of the Plant Body

Cells and Tissues of the Plant Body

The Root: Structure and Development

The Shoot: Primary Structure and Development

Secondary Growth in Stems

Regulating Growth and Development: the Plant Hormones

External Factors and Plant Growth

Plant Nutrition and Soils

The Movement of Water and Solutes in Plants

Global Ecology

Filters

Strains of the Fusarium fungus produce _ that counter the production of by pea plants.