Question 1

An example of secondary succession is:

Accepted Answer

A)  lichens colonizing bare rock. 
B)  mosses colonizing lava after a volcanic eruption. 
C)  shrubs colonizing a weedy field. 
D)  trees colonizing a grassy meadow. 
E)  grasses colonizing a moss-covered rock. 
A)  lichens colonizing bare rock. 
B)  mosses colonizing lava after a volcanic eruption. 
C)  shrubs colonizing a weedy field. 
D)  trees colonizing a grassy meadow. 
E)  grasses colonizing a moss-covered rock.

Question 2

Higher plants are usually the first to become established on bare rock.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

The seeds of a serotinous cone are released by:

Accepted Answer

A)  wind. 
B)  birds. 
C)  insects. 
D)  water. 
E)  fire. 
A)  wind. 
B)  birds. 
C)  insects. 
D)  water. 
E)  fire.

Question 4

An herbivore is a primary consumer; a carnivore is a secondary consumer.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

An example of interference competition is:

Accepted Answer

A)  bears competing for food. 
B)  earthworms competing for oxygen. 
C)  plants competing for water. 
D)  plants competing for minerals. 
E)  birds competing for territory. 
A)  bears competing for food. 
B)  earthworms competing for oxygen. 
C)  plants competing for water. 
D)  plants competing for minerals. 
E)  birds competing for territory.

Question 6

The Gaia hypothesis suggests that the biosphere functions as an organismal system.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

An example of biological energy conversion is burning coal for fuel.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

______ produced by plants are the most important factors preventing attack by herbivorous insects.

Accepted Answer

A)  Thorns 
B)  Spines 
C)  Waxy cuticles 
D)  Secondary metabolites 
E)  Leathery leaves 
A)  Thorns 
B)  Spines 
C)  Waxy cuticles 
D)  Secondary metabolites 
E)  Leathery leaves

Question 9

In general, ______ percent of the incident light is incorporated into plant biomass.

Accepted Answer

A)  less than 1 
B)  5 to 8 
C)  10 to 20 
D)  25 to 30 
E)  35 to 40 
A)  less than 1 
B)  5 to 8 
C)  10 to 20 
D)  25 to 30 
E)  35 to 40

Question 10

Which of the following is not an autotroph?

Accepted Answer

A)  a chemosynthesizer 
B)  a mushroom 
C)  an oak tree 
D)  a green alga 
E)  a moss 
A)  a chemosynthesizer 
B)  a mushroom 
C)  an oak tree 
D)  a green alga 
E)  a moss

Question 11

In the chalk grasslands of England, what happened to the plants when a viral disease reduced the rabbit population?

Accepted Answer

A)  All the plants died. 
B)  The average height increased. 
C)  The average height decreased. 
D)  Diversity decreased. 
E)  Diversity increased. 
A)  All the plants died. 
B)  The average height increased. 
C)  The average height decreased. 
D)  Diversity decreased. 
E)  Diversity increased.

Question 12

A fungus is both a(n) ______ and a ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  heterotroph; primary producer 
B)  autotroph; primary consumer 
C)  heterotroph; secondary consumer 
D)  heterotroph; decomposer 
E)  autotroph; decomposer 
A)  heterotroph; primary producer 
B)  autotroph; primary consumer 
C)  heterotroph; secondary consumer 
D)  heterotroph; decomposer 
E)  autotroph; decomposer

Question 13

An example of a community is an oak tree and all the organisms that live in and on it.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Detritivores obtain their food from dead and discarded organic matter.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Competition occurs, by definition, when two individuals living in the same area:

Accepted Answer

A)  belong to the same species. 
B)  belong to the same population. 
C)  require the same limiting resource. 
D)  photosynthesize at the same rates. 
E)  allocate energy in the same way. 
A)  belong to the same species. 
B)  belong to the same population. 
C)  require the same limiting resource. 
D)  photosynthesize at the same rates. 
E)  allocate energy in the same way.

Question 16

A windstorm can cause a "gap" but a prairie dog cannot.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Ecosystems usually have eight or nine trophic levels.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

An aquatic ecosystem is more likely to have an inverted pyramid of biomass than a terrestrial ecosystem.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Which of the following statements about parasites is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  They live on or in another organism. 
B)  They are always one trophic level above their hosts. 
C)  An example is a virus. 
D)  An example is a pathogenic bacterium. 
E)  They can be autotrophs or heterotrophs. 
A)  They live on or in another organism. 
B)  They are always one trophic level above their hosts. 
C)  An example is a virus. 
D)  An example is a pathogenic bacterium. 
E)  They can be autotrophs or heterotrophs.

Question 20

A secondary consumer occupies the _______ trophic level.

Accepted Answer

A)  first 
B)  second 
C)  third 
D)  fourth 
E)  fifth 
A)  first 
B)  second 
C)  third 
D)  fourth 
E)  fifth

Exam 31: The Dynamics of Communities and Ecosystems

An example of secondary succession is:

Higher plants are usually the first to become established on bare rock.

The seeds of a serotinous cone are released by:

An herbivore is a primary consumer; a carnivore is a secondary consumer.

An example of interference competition is:

The Gaia hypothesis suggests that the biosphere functions as an organismal system.

An example of biological energy conversion is burning coal for fuel.

______ produced by plants are the most important factors preventing attack by herbivorous insects.

In general, ______ percent of the incident light is incorporated into plant biomass.

Which of the following is not an autotroph?

In the chalk grasslands of England, what happened to the plants when a viral disease reduced the rabbit population?

A fungus is both a(n) ______ and a ______.

An example of a community is an oak tree and all the organisms that live in and on it.

Detritivores obtain their food from dead and discarded organic matter.

Competition occurs, by definition, when two individuals living in the same area:

A windstorm can cause a "gap" but a prairie dog cannot.

Ecosystems usually have eight or nine trophic levels.

An aquatic ecosystem is more likely to have an inverted pyramid of biomass than a terrestrial ecosystem.

Which of the following statements about parasites is FALSE?

A secondary consumer occupies the _______ trophic level.

Botany: an Introduction

The Molecular Composition of Plant Cells

The Plant Cell and the Cell Cycle

The Movement of Substances Into and Out of Cells

The Flow of Energy

Respiration

Photosynthesis, Light, and Life

Sexual Reproduction and Heredity

The Chemistry of Heredity and Gene Expression

Recombinant Dna Technology, Plant Biotechnology, and Genomics

The Process of Evolution

Systematics: the Science of Biological Diversity

Prokaryotes and Viruses

Fungi

Protists: Algae and Heterotrophic Protists

Bryophytes

Seedless Vascular Plants

Gymnosperms

Introduction to the Angiosperms

Evolution of the Angiosperms

Plants and People

Early Development of the Plant Body

Cells and Tissues of the Plant Body

The Root: Structure and Development

The Shoot: Primary Structure and Development

Secondary Growth in Stems

Regulating Growth and Development: the Plant Hormones

External Factors and Plant Growth

Plant Nutrition and Soils

The Movement of Water and Solutes in Plants

Global Ecology

Filters

A fungus is both a(n) and a .