Exam 8: Cognitive Approaches to Learning

Students are asked to learn a list of 40 unrelated words. Later, the students are asked to recall the words either in the same classroom where they learned the words or in a separate classroom, their retrieval is better if the retrieval environment was the same as the encoding environment at the time of learning. This is a demonstration of which of the following?

In a matching test, you give the names of countries and the student has to match them with their appropriate continents. You are using which of the following memory tasks?

Knowing how to tell time according to the position of the sun is an example of which of the following?

Which of the following is the most well-known analogical representation?

Ms. Jackson requires her students to recite The Pledge of Allegiance from memory. Which of the following memory tasks is she requesting of her students?

Constructivist approaches to education are based, in part, on the theories of which of the following theorists?

Mr. Kurchik asks his students to list the names of the world's oceans. He does not care about the order of the list, but rather, how many oceans are correctly listed. Which of the following memory tasks is he requesting of his students?

Any of several specific techniques for improving learning and memory.

Using rehearsal as a memory strategy is a natural, inborn process.

What is the capacity of short-term memory?

Shelly is a psychology student trying to learn the "Big Five" personality traits. Her teacher suggests she use OCEAN (Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism). The teacher's technique is which of the following?

Which of the following is the correct choice for three different levels of processing, in progressive order of depth?

One of the most well known general mnemonic devices is called PQ4R, which stands for

This type of memory holds the most recently activated portion of long-term memory, and it moves these activated elements into and out of brief, temporary memory storage.

Cognitive frameworks for organizing associated concepts.

Donald needs to learn a list of vocabulary words. His studying method involves repeating the words and their definitions over and over to himself. Which memory technique is Donald using?

Maintenance rehearsal involves taking the information to be learned and trying to associate it with other things you know, or trying to associate various items of the to-be-learned information.

An abstract way of representing the underlying (or "deep structural") relations among things.

One of the best ways to make information easier to get out of mental storage is through __________ cues, clues or reminders that can enhance the ability to retrieve stored information from memory.

The emphasis in the working-memory model is on three memory stores, among which there is a continual flow of information from the sensory register to short-term memory and then to the long-term store.