Exam 8: Cognitive Approaches to Learning

Knowing when and how to apply the declarative and procedural knowledge you have learned.

A matching test is a recognition task.

Martin believes that when he goes to his doctor's appointment, certain things will happen in a certain way. He is very surprised when he is told to sign-in AFTER seeing the doctor because it contradicts his __________ for doctor visits.

Declarative and procedural knowledge appear to be held in distinct stores in long-term memory.

Mr. Dotham believes that learners must build their own knowledge--it cannot be given to them--and that new knowledge builds on current knowledge. His views are most like which of the following theories?

Ms. Nielsen believes that prior experience and context affect the way we encode memories, how we recall things, and what we actually recall. Her view of memory is most like which of the following theory?

How do you explain the fact that some people can hold 20 or more items in short-term memory?

You might encourage your students to group products by categories, for example, names of fruits (apples, oranges, grapefruits), names of dairy products (yogurt, cheese, butter), names of industrial goods, and so on. In doing this you are encouraging them to use which of the following?

According to this view of learning, social factors and specific learning environments form an important part of the context responsible for how well people learn.

Learning spaced out over several learning sessions.

With regard to facilitating students' retrieval, this refers to whether information is actually stored in long-term memory.

Any relatively permanent change in thought or behavior that occurs as a result of experience.

You hear the word dog, and then you think of related ideas such as collie, poodle, and cocker spaniel. Which of the following is the correct term for this memory phenomenon?

Cognitive approaches focus on the changes in thought that are part of learning.

Remembering the time you met the president of the United States is part of which memory system?

Mr. Nelson gives his geography students the name of a state, and asks them to write down the capital. He is using which of the following memory tasks?

This theory posits that information is forgotten because of the gradual disappearance over time of an unusual memory trace.

It is not useful for teachers to present information in multiple ways, such as orally and visually.

Link each of the words or items to be remembered to each of some very familiar landmarks. To recall the words later, merely collect them from the landmarks.

Accessibility refers to whether information is actually stored in long-term memory.