Exam 9: Thinking: Concept Formation,reasoning, and Problem Solving

When faced with a problem, Janet decides how much time the problem is worth and then works within that time frame. Janet is using which step in the problem-solving cycle?

Ms. Smoate tells her students that mammals are animals that are warm-blooded and nurse their young. She next points out that a cat is warm-blooded and nurses its young. Therefore a cat is a mammal. Ms. Smoate is teaching which of the following?

A thought pattern in which people believe they are less likely to be correct than they actually are.

Fernando knows the final deadline for a complicated project, and he writes reminders in his calendar about when to start each step so as to be done in time. Fernando is using which type of heuristic?

This process of insightful thinking is used to put together information that is sometimes related in nonobvious ways.

Highly typical instances of a given concept are referred to as which of the following?

Nancy is listening to a lecture and needs to recognize the important information that is worth noting. Which process of insightful thinking is she using?

Ms. Wyatt presents the following syllogism to her class: Premise A: all penguins are birds Premise B: all birds are animals Therefore: ? Which kind of syllogism is Ms. Wyatt presenting?

The most representative example of a given concept is referred to as which of the following?

Knowledge that can be used or applied is often called inert knowledge.

When Tom reads a novel for pleasure he pursues a different strategy in reading from the one he uses when he is reading a textbook to prepare for a multiple-choice test. Tom is using which step in the problem-solving cycle?

Sally doesn't recognize that she doesn't understand the material being taught, and she just keeps taking mindless notes. Which step in the problem-solving cycle is she missing?

The process of drawing specific, logically valid conclusions from one or more general premises.

Concepts are easily understood in terms of defining features, that is, features ______________for defining a concept.

Larry believes that if a coin is tossed six times, a sequence of HTHHTH (with H representing heads and T standing for tails) is more likely than a sequence of HHHHHH. Larry is using which of the following?

This process of insightful thinking is used to distinguish relevant from irrelevant information.

Students need to check their work on a test, proofread a paper, or even ask themselves whether their answer to a problem makes sense in order to complete this step of the problem-solving cycle.

The problem solver simply generates alternative courses of action, not necessarily in a systematic way, and then considers whether each course of action works.

When students are asked to write a term paper on a topic of their choice, they are facing which of the following?

"Generate and test" is also known as "trial and error."