Exam 9: Thinking: Concept Formation,reasoning, and Problem Solving

Mental abstractions or categories of similar objects, people, events, or ideas.

Temporarily ceasing to work actively on a problem.

These syllogisms typically involve relations where members of one category belong to another category as well.

Carrying over knowledge from one problem or situation to a new problem.

This type of transfer occurs when a highly practiced skill is carried over from one situation to another, with little or no reflective thinking.

This type of transfer occurs when the solution of an earlier problem facilitates solution of a later problem.

Benjamin is very smart in school. However, he has difficulty using his knowledge when he encounters problems outside school. Benjamin has a problem with which of the following?

Students sometimes choose a research paper topic, only to find out not enough past research has been done on the topic to justify a review of that research. In such cases, the students are better off quickly moving on to another topic. Which step of the problem-solving cycle does this represent?

A person is unable to invent a specific new use for something because the person is so used to seeing a conventional use for that thing.

Metacognition is the understanding and control of one's cognitive processing--is as important to thinking as it is to learning and memory.

A clear and fixed set of steps that guarantee a solution to a problem.

In forward-reaching transfer, you intend the transfer at the time you are learning whatever you are learning.

An overestimate of the likelihood of the correctness of a judgment.

These are problems that require the problem solver to think in novel ways that are not obvious from the way in which the problem is presented.

Flying is a ______________ feature of a bird.

Executing procedures with hardly any effort or even conscious awareness of what they are doing.

Inductive reasoning is the process of drawing specific, logically valid conclusions from one or more general premises, in other words, of going from the general to the specific.

Reasoning from the specific to the general.

Mr. Nelson emphasizes tying whatever is being taught to whatever knowledge his students already have and use a lot. Mr. Nelson is promoting students' transfer through the use of which of the following?

Caroline makes a list of all the steps needed to complete the term paper, before she begins it. Caroline is using which type of heuristic?