Question 1

The results of the study on neural coding for odors by Malnic et al. (1999) indicated that:

Accepted Answer

A)  each different odorant stimulated only one olfactory receptor neuron. 
B)  a particular olfactory receptor neuron responded to only one chemical family of odorants. 
C)  the pattern of olfactory receptor neuron responses determines how an odorant smells. 
D)  the pattern of olfactory receptor neuron responses did not differ enough across odorants to account for differences in how odorants smelled. 
A)  each different odorant stimulated only one olfactory receptor neuron. 
B)  a particular olfactory receptor neuron responded to only one chemical family of odorants. 
C)  the pattern of olfactory receptor neuron responses determines how an odorant smells. 
D)  the pattern of olfactory receptor neuron responses did not differ enough across odorants to account for differences in how odorants smelled.

Question 2

Turbinates are:

Accepted Answer

A)  olfactory receptors. 
B)  odorant molecules. 
C)  neurons that transduce odorant molecules into neural signals. 
D)  bony convolutions of tissue. 
A)  olfactory receptors. 
B)  odorant molecules. 
C)  neurons that transduce odorant molecules into neural signals. 
D)  bony convolutions of tissue.

Question 3

What is meant by population coding for an odorant?

Accepted Answer

The population code for an odorant is th

Question 4

The function of the turbinates is to:

Accepted Answer

A)  keep the nasal passages free from mucus. 
B)  keep odor molecules from escaping through the pharynx. 
C)  disperse the air evenly throughout each nasal cavity. 
D)  transduce odor molecules into neural signals. 
A)  keep the nasal passages free from mucus. 
B)  keep odor molecules from escaping through the pharynx. 
C)  disperse the air evenly throughout each nasal cavity. 
D)  transduce odor molecules into neural signals.

Question 5

Murray is waiting in a bagel shop for his friend Ben. The air in the shop is filled with the aroma of freshly baked sesame, garlic, and cinnamon-raisin bagels. Ben arrives 10 minutes later, just as a fresh batch of onion bagels were coming out of the oven. Explain whether Murray or Ben will be able to detect the odor of the onion bagels more easily.

Accepted Answer

When Ben enters the bagel shop, his olfa

Question 6

The piriform cortex is considered to be the _____ olfactory cortex.

Accepted Answer

A)  primary 
B)  secondary 
C)  auxiliary 
D)  tertiary 
A)  primary 
B)  secondary 
C)  auxiliary 
D)  tertiary

Question 7

The fact that there are many more types of olfactory receptor neurons than types of color cones in vision indicates that:

Accepted Answer

A)  each ORN can respond to only one specific odorant. 
B)  olfactory receptor neurons can be more narrowly tuned than cones. 
C)  olfactory receptor neurons can be more broadly tuned than cones. 
D)  the neural codes for odors and colors cannot be meaningfully compared. 
A)  each ORN can respond to only one specific odorant. 
B)  olfactory receptor neurons can be more narrowly tuned than cones. 
C)  olfactory receptor neurons can be more broadly tuned than cones. 
D)  the neural codes for odors and colors cannot be meaningfully compared.

Question 8

According to the research of Rabin and Cain (1984), the ability to acquire long-lasting memories for odors revealed that:

Accepted Answer

A)  memory for odors tended to fade very little when tested from 10 minutes to 7 days later. 
B)  memory for odors tended to fade considerably when tested from 10 minutes to 7 days later. 
C)  memory for those odors that could not be easily named tended to fade less than memory for those odors that could be easily named. 
D)  memory for only those odors that could be easily named tended to fade considerably when tested from 10 minutes to 7 days later. 
A)  memory for odors tended to fade very little when tested from 10 minutes to 7 days later. 
B)  memory for odors tended to fade considerably when tested from 10 minutes to 7 days later. 
C)  memory for those odors that could not be easily named tended to fade less than memory for those odors that could be easily named. 
D)  memory for only those odors that could be easily named tended to fade considerably when tested from 10 minutes to 7 days later.

Question 9

The only sensory system in which the pathway from the receptors to the cortex does NOT go through the thalamus is the _____ system.

Accepted Answer

A)  olfactory 
B)  visual 
C)  somatosensory 
D)  auditory 
A)  olfactory 
B)  visual 
C)  somatosensory 
D)  auditory

Question 10

Howard et al. (2009) used fMRI to measure the activity in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) in response to odorants with either minty, woody, or citrus qualities, and the results showed that the activity in the OFC:

Accepted Answer

A)  was greatest for minty and least for woody odors. 
B)  differed significantly for the three different odors. 
C)  did not reflect differences in the quality of the three odors. 
D)  represented the identity of odors. 
A)  was greatest for minty and least for woody odors. 
B)  differed significantly for the three different odors. 
C)  did not reflect differences in the quality of the three odors. 
D)  represented the identity of odors.

Question 11

The relationship between age and olfactory-identification ability, as measured by the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) indicated that:

Accepted Answer

A)  males and females perform about the same. 
B)  males score higher than females do. 
C)  females score higher than males do. 
D)  males perform better than females do up to the sixth decade of life. 
A)  males and females perform about the same. 
B)  males score higher than females do. 
C)  females score higher than males do. 
D)  males perform better than females do up to the sixth decade of life.

Question 12

Define detection threshold. Describe the typical procedure used to measure the detection threshold of an odor.

Accepted Answer

Detection threshold is defined as the co

Question 13

Explain the various factors involved in identifying and discriminating odors.

Accepted Answer

Specific contextual information is neede

Question 14

The relationship between age and olfactory impairment indicates that, across the life span:

Accepted Answer

A)  men and women perform about the same. 
B)  women perform better than men do. 
C)  men perform better than women do. 
D)  men perform better as they age, while women perform poorly as they age. 
A)  men and women perform about the same. 
B)  women perform better than men do. 
C)  men perform better than women do. 
D)  men perform better as they age, while women perform poorly as they age.

Question 15

Valencia is applying perfume for her date with James. A few minutes later, she wonders if she has applied enough but decides not to apply any more. Is this a wise decision?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is wise because she knows that she has adapted to the smell of her perfume, and if she adds more, it would be too strong for others. 
B)  It is not wise because cross-adaptation research says others likely won't be able to smell it because it will blend in with other similar odors in the room. 
C)  It is wise because cross-adaptation research shows that others will be able to continue detecting it very easily. 
D)  It is not wise because the smell of the perfume has become weak in intensity. Therefore, others are not likely to smell it. 
A)  It is wise because she knows that she has adapted to the smell of her perfume, and if she adds more, it would be too strong for others. 
B)  It is not wise because cross-adaptation research says others likely won't be able to smell it because it will blend in with other similar odors in the room. 
C)  It is wise because cross-adaptation research shows that others will be able to continue detecting it very easily. 
D)  It is not wise because the smell of the perfume has become weak in intensity. Therefore, others are not likely to smell it.

Question 16

When a person has reduced sensitivity to odorants that are chemically similar to odorants to which the person has been repeatedly exposed, the phenomenon is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  adaptation. 
B)  cross-adaptation. 
C)  assimilation. 
D)  accommodation. 
A)  adaptation. 
B)  cross-adaptation. 
C)  assimilation. 
D)  accommodation.

Question 17

In olfaction, _____ is the phenomenon of reduced sensitivity to odorants to which a person has been continually or repeatedly exposed.

Accepted Answer

A)  adaptation 
B)  cross-adaptation 
C)  assimilation 
D)  accommodation 
A)  adaptation 
B)  cross-adaptation 
C)  assimilation 
D)  accommodation

Question 18

Zhou and Chen's (2008) fMRI study recorded the brain responses of women when exposed to the smell of male sweat (obtained from watching either neutral or erotic videos) and a steroid derived from male hormones. The results reported:

Accepted Answer

A)  that women knew the difference between the sweat and the steroid. 
B)  an increase in brain activity for the sexual sweat condition. 
C)  an increase in brain activity for the steroid but not for the sweat condition. 
D)  that women perceived the sexual sweat as being especially pleasant or intense. 
A)  that women knew the difference between the sweat and the steroid. 
B)  an increase in brain activity for the sexual sweat condition. 
C)  an increase in brain activity for the steroid but not for the sweat condition. 
D)  that women perceived the sexual sweat as being especially pleasant or intense.

Question 19

Studies by Bende and Nordin (1997) suggested that:

Accepted Answer

A)  the olfactory expertise of professional wine tasters is domain specific. 
B)  novices are better at discriminating, remembering and identifying wine-related odors. 
C)  nonprefessional wine tasters are better at detecting odors than the experts. 
D)  professional wine tasters are better than nonprofessionals at identifying and discriminating the odors of substances other than wine. 
A)  the olfactory expertise of professional wine tasters is domain specific. 
B)  novices are better at discriminating, remembering and identifying wine-related odors. 
C)  nonprefessional wine tasters are better at detecting odors than the experts. 
D)  professional wine tasters are better than nonprofessionals at identifying and discriminating the odors of substances other than wine.

Question 20

_____ are chemicals emitted by organisms that evoke behavioral and hormonal responses in other individuals of the same species.

Accepted Answer

A)  Endorphins 
B)  Neurotransmitters 
C)  Pheromones 
D)  Narcotics 
A)  Endorphins 
B)  Neurotransmitters 
C)  Pheromones 
D)  Narcotics

The results of the study on neural coding for odors by Malnic et al. (1999) indicated that:

Turbinates are:

What is meant by population coding for an odorant?

The function of the turbinates is to:

The piriform cortex is considered to be the _____ olfactory cortex.

The fact that there are many more types of olfactory receptor neurons than types of color cones in vision indicates that:

According to the research of Rabin and Cain (1984), the ability to acquire long-lasting memories for odors revealed that:

The only sensory system in which the pathway from the receptors to the cortex does NOT go through the thalamus is the _____ system.

Howard et al. (2009) used fMRI to measure the activity in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) in response to odorants with either minty, woody, or citrus qualities, and the results showed that the activity in the OFC:

The relationship between age and olfactory-identification ability, as measured by the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) indicated that:

Define detection threshold. Describe the typical procedure used to measure the detection threshold of an odor.

Explain the various factors involved in identifying and discriminating odors.

The relationship between age and olfactory impairment indicates that, across the life span:

Valencia is applying perfume for her date with James. A few minutes later, she wonders if she has applied enough but decides not to apply any more. Is this a wise decision?

When a person has reduced sensitivity to odorants that are chemically similar to odorants to which the person has been repeatedly exposed, the phenomenon is called:

In olfaction, _____ is the phenomenon of reduced sensitivity to odorants to which a person has been continually or repeatedly exposed.

Zhou and Chen's (2008) fMRI study recorded the brain responses of women when exposed to the smell of male sweat (obtained from watching either neutral or erotic videos) and a steroid derived from male hormones. The results reported:

Studies by Bende and Nordin (1997) suggested that:

_____ are chemicals emitted by organisms that evoke behavioral and hormonal responses in other individuals of the same species.

Foundations

Light and the Eyes

The Visual Brain

Recognizing Visual Objects

Perceiving Color

Perceiving Depth

Perceiving Motion

Perception for Action

Attention and Awareness

Sound and the Ears

The Auditory Brain and Perceiving Auditory Scenes

Perceiving Speech and Music

The Body Senses

Gustation: Perceiving Tastes and Flavors

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Exam 14: Olfaction: Perceiving Odors

The results of the study on neural coding for odors by Malnic et al. (1999) indicated that:

Turbinates are:

What is meant by population coding for an odorant?

The function of the turbinates is to:

The piriform cortex is considered to be the _____ olfactory cortex.

The fact that there are many more types of olfactory receptor neurons than types of color cones in vision indicates that:

According to the research of Rabin and Cain (1984), the ability to acquire long-lasting memories for odors revealed that:

The only sensory system in which the pathway from the receptors to the cortex does NOT go through the thalamus is the _____ system.

Howard et al. (2009) used fMRI to measure the activity in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) in response to odorants with either minty, woody, or citrus qualities, and the results showed that the activity in the OFC:

The relationship between age and olfactory-identification ability, as measured by the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) indicated that:

Define detection threshold. Describe the typical procedure used to measure the detection threshold of an odor.

Explain the various factors involved in identifying and discriminating odors.

The relationship between age and olfactory impairment indicates that, across the life span:

Valencia is applying perfume for her date with James. A few minutes later, she wonders if she has applied enough but decides not to apply any more. Is this a wise decision?

When a person has reduced sensitivity to odorants that are chemically similar to odorants to which the person has been repeatedly exposed, the phenomenon is called:

In olfaction, _____ is the phenomenon of reduced sensitivity to odorants to which a person has been continually or repeatedly exposed.

Zhou and Chen's (2008) fMRI study recorded the brain responses of women when exposed to the smell of male sweat (obtained from watching either neutral or erotic videos) and a steroid derived from male hormones. The results reported:

Studies by Bende and Nordin (1997) suggested that:

_____ are chemicals emitted by organisms that evoke behavioral and hormonal responses in other individuals of the same species.

Foundations

Light and the Eyes

The Visual Brain

Recognizing Visual Objects

Perceiving Color

Perceiving Depth

Perceiving Motion

Perception for Action

Attention and Awareness

Sound and the Ears

The Auditory Brain and Perceiving Auditory Scenes

Perceiving Speech and Music

The Body Senses

Gustation: Perceiving Tastes and Flavors

Filters