Exam 9: Attention and Awareness

Which scenario BEST explains value-driven attentional control?

Ben claims that he can save time by reading his history text while having an online chat with the project team from his marketing class. How would you explain to Ben that not only will he not save time, but he will probably expend more total time overall by multitasking?

Although studies have shown that observers often fail to recognize significant changes in a visual scene, why is change blindness NOT usually an issue in our everyday visual experience?

What were the findings of the study conducted by Pelphrey et al. (2005) on individuals with autism?

Which feature does NOT describe bottom-up attentional control?

In the context of attention to features, when the target feature "pops out" of the display, the participant is conducting:

In an fMRI study conducted by Tong et al. (1998), the observers viewed a face-house composite image through red-blue glasses that evoked perceptual bistability. The results of the fMRI measurements of brain activity showed increased PPA activity when the observer:

William is reading the instructions of a recipe for dinner and simultaneously listening to a song on the radio. This type of attention is called:

Which statement regarding the findings on change blindness is NOT true?

John, a student, is driving a car. In the context of analyzing a task switch, _____ while driving would impair his driving performance.

The procedure of listening through headphones to two different messages that transmit one spoken message into one ear and a different spoken message into the other ear is called _____ listening.

David Chalmers (2004) argues that the easy problems of consciousness involve objectively observable data, which he calls "third-person data," and the hard problem involves subjective experiences, which he calls "first-person data." Chalmers claims that scientific progress on the hard problem is possible, and among the projects he advocates is a search for:

Sunny has been living in the same neighborhood for seven years. Last week, a friend pointed out to her that all the street signs around her house are white with black writing. However, the signs become green with white writing starting only two blocks south. How would you explain the fact that Sunny, who frequently drives all around the neighborhood, never realized this about the signage?

The different camera angles are often filmed during different takes, sometimes resulting in _____ -objects in the scene being in different places before and after the cut or appearing or disappearing. The interesting thing about this is not that they occur, but that moviegoers typically fail to notice them; thus, they provide real-world examples of the importance of attention in detecting changes.

Kim often brings her small tan dog, Seaweed, to the dog park. On Tuesday, Seaweed plays with a number of other small dogs, all of whom are black. On Wednesday, there are some large tan dogs and small black dogs in the park with Seaweed. Describe how Kim's search for Seaweed is different on each day.

_____ attentional control involves deliberately paying attention to something in order to get information needed to achieve a goal.

_____ refers to unawareness of stimuli in an attended location if the stimuli occur when we are processing something else.

Tong et al. (1998), in order to evoke perceptual bistability, presented a face-house composite image to observers who viewed it through red-blue glasses. The results of fMRI measurements of brain activity showed that:

Which process involves the listener to repeat one of the two messages as it is being presented in order to ensure that the person is perceiving and understanding the message?

According to a study conducted by Drews et al. (2008), conversation with a passenger in a vehicle impairs driving performance: