Question 1

All of the following structures contribute to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to cause disease except ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  gram-negative outer membrane 
B)  ﬁmbriae 
C)  inclusions 
D)  capsule 
E)  slime layer 
A)  gram-negative outer membrane 
B)  ﬁmbriae 
C)  inclusions 
D)  capsule 
E)  slime layer

Question 2

During the Gram stain, the application of alcohol results in the decolorization of ______ cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  gram-positive 
B)  gram-negative 
C)  all 
D)  pleomorphic 
A)  gram-positive 
B)  gram-negative 
C)  all 
D)  pleomorphic

Question 3

When bacilli in a chain fold back upon each other like a hinge, this cellular arrangement is termed a ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  staph 
B)  tetrad 
C)  palisade 
D)  strep 
E)  sarcina 
A)  staph 
B)  tetrad 
C)  palisade 
D)  strep 
E)  sarcina

Question 4

The function of bacterial endospores is _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  reproduction and growth 
B)  protection of genetic material during harsh conditions 
C)  to provide a protected site for photosynthesis 
D)  storage of excess cellular building blocks 
A)  reproduction and growth 
B)  protection of genetic material during harsh conditions 
C)  to provide a protected site for photosynthesis 
D)  storage of excess cellular building blocks

Question 5

A new drug is found to act by blocking the incorporation of subunits into sterol molecules for the cell membrane. Which statement is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  This kind of drug would destroy viruses only. 
B)  Only bioﬁlms would be affected by this drug. 
C)  A drug with this mechanism would be an excellent antibiotic. 
D)  Only archaeal cells would be affected by this drug. 
E)  Most bacteria would be unaffected by this drug. 
A)  This kind of drug would destroy viruses only. 
B)  Only bioﬁlms would be affected by this drug. 
C)  A drug with this mechanism would be an excellent antibiotic. 
D)  Only archaeal cells would be affected by this drug. 
E)  Most bacteria would be unaffected by this drug.

Question 6

The chemical bonds in peptidoglycan can be hydrolyed by the enzyme _____, found in tears and saliva.

Accepted Answer

A)  kinase 
B)  peptidase 
C)  lysozyme 
D)  penicillinase 
A)  kinase 
B)  peptidase 
C)  lysozyme 
D)  penicillinase

Question 7

Flagella move in a whip-like motion.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

A patient has a serious respiratory infection. A sputum sample yielded a bacterium that did not have any peptidoglycan. You hypothesize that the identity of this microbe could possibly be ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  Mycobacterium tuberculosis 
B)  Streptococcus pneumoniae 
C)  Mycoplasma pneumoniae 
D)  Borrelia burgdorferi 
E)  Staphylococcus aureus 
A)  Mycobacterium tuberculosis 
B)  Streptococcus pneumoniae 
C)  Mycoplasma pneumoniae 
D)  Borrelia burgdorferi 
E)  Staphylococcus aureus

Question 9

The region between the bacterial cell membrane and the cell wall is called the outer membrane.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

If the bacterial cells were viewed immediately after crystal violet was applied during the Gram stain procedure, gram-positive cells would be purple but gram-negative cells would be colorless.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

The bacterial cell membrane is a site for many enzymes and metabolic reactions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Chemical analysis of a bacterial cell detects dipicolinic acid. What is the identity of this structure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Endospore 
B)  Nucleoid 
C)  Bioﬁlm 
D)  Cell wall 
E)  Capsule 
A)  Endospore 
B)  Nucleoid 
C)  Bioﬁlm 
D)  Cell wall 
E)  Capsule

Question 13

Which of the following is mismatched?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hyperthermophiles - adapted to high temperatures 
B)  Extreme halophiles - adapted to salty habitats 
C)  Psychrophiles - adapted to very low temperatures 
D)  Thermoplasmas - adapted to warm-blooded animal environments 
E)  Methanogens - convert CO? and H2 into methane 
A)  Hyperthermophiles - adapted to high temperatures 
B)  Extreme halophiles - adapted to salty habitats 
C)  Psychrophiles - adapted to very low temperatures 
D)  Thermoplasmas - adapted to warm-blooded animal environments 
E)  Methanogens - convert CO? and H2 into methane

Question 14

The process of sporangium formation and endospore maturation requires 6-8 hours. What is most likely to result if the temperature of the environment was raised to 100°C about 2 hours after the process started?

Accepted Answer

A)  The endospore would form properly but would be unable to germinate. 
B)  The endospore would not form properly because it is not yet heat resistant. 
C)  The endospore would form more slowly and be heat resistant. 
D)  The chromosome in the endospore would likely carry mutations. 
E)  The organism would be termed a hyperthermophile. 
A)  The endospore would form properly but would be unable to germinate. 
B)  The endospore would not form properly because it is not yet heat resistant. 
C)  The endospore would form more slowly and be heat resistant. 
D)  The chromosome in the endospore would likely carry mutations. 
E)  The organism would be termed a hyperthermophile.

Question 15

Bacterial cells could have any of the following appendages except ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  ﬁmbriae 
B)  periplasmic ﬂagella (axial ﬁlaments) 
C)  pili 
D)  cilia 
E)  ﬂagella 
A)  ﬁmbriae 
B)  periplasmic ﬂagella (axial ﬁlaments) 
C)  pili 
D)  cilia 
E)  ﬂagella

Question 16

The term diplococcus refers to an irregular cluster of spherical bacterial cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

The most immediate result of destruction of a cell's ribosomes would be that _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  holes would appear in the capsule 
B)  the chromosome would unravel 
C)  protein synthesis would stop 
D)  material would not cross the cell membrane 
E)  glycogen inclusions would form 
A)  holes would appear in the capsule 
B)  the chromosome would unravel 
C)  protein synthesis would stop 
D)  material would not cross the cell membrane 
E)  glycogen inclusions would form

Question 18

You have found a mutant of Streptococcus pneumoniae that has lost the ability to produce a capsule. If you inject this strain into a population of healthy mice, what prediction can you make About the consequences?

Accepted Answer

A)  The mice will die of pneumonia. 
B)  The mice will remain healthy. 
C)  The infection will respond to antiviral medication. 
D)  The mice will get a severe case of pneumonia and recover. 
A)  The mice will die of pneumonia. 
B)  The mice will remain healthy. 
C)  The infection will respond to antiviral medication. 
D)  The mice will get a severe case of pneumonia and recover.

Question 19

Archaea do not have the typical peptidoglycan structure found in bacterial cell walls.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shape?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tetrad 
B)  Bacillus 
C)  Coccus 
D)  Vibrio 
E)  Spirochete 
A)  Tetrad 
B)  Bacillus 
C)  Coccus 
D)  Vibrio 
E)  Spirochete

Exam 4: Bacteria and Archaea

All of the following structures contribute to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to cause disease except ______.

During the Gram stain, the application of alcohol results in the decolorization of ______ cells.

When bacilli in a chain fold back upon each other like a hinge, this cellular arrangement is termed a ______.

The function of bacterial endospores is _______.

A new drug is found to act by blocking the incorporation of subunits into sterol molecules for the cell membrane. Which statement is true?

The chemical bonds in peptidoglycan can be hydrolyed by the enzyme _____, found in tears and saliva.

Flagella move in a whip-like motion.

A patient has a serious respiratory infection. A sputum sample yielded a bacterium that did not have any peptidoglycan. You hypothesize that the identity of this microbe could possibly be ______.

The region between the bacterial cell membrane and the cell wall is called the outer membrane.

If the bacterial cells were viewed immediately after crystal violet was applied during the Gram stain procedure, gram-positive cells would be purple but gram-negative cells would be colorless.

The bacterial cell membrane is a site for many enzymes and metabolic reactions.

Chemical analysis of a bacterial cell detects dipicolinic acid. What is the identity of this structure?

Which of the following is mismatched?

The process of sporangium formation and endospore maturation requires 6-8 hours. What is most likely to result if the temperature of the environment was raised to 100°C about 2 hours after the process started?

Bacterial cells could have any of the following appendages except ______.

The term diplococcus refers to an irregular cluster of spherical bacterial cells.

The most immediate result of destruction of a cell's ribosomes would be that _______.

You have found a mutant of Streptococcus pneumoniae that has lost the ability to produce a capsule. If you inject this strain into a population of healthy mice, what prediction can you make About the consequences?

Archaea do not have the typical peptidoglycan structure found in bacterial cell walls.

Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shape?

The Main Themes of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Biology

Tools of the Laboratory: Methods for the Culturing of Microscopic Analysis of Microorganisms

Eukaryotic Cells and Microorganisms

Viruses and Prions

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Metabolism: the Chemical Crossroads of Life

Microbial Genetics

Genetic Analysis and Genetic Engineering

Physical and Chemical Control of Microbes

Antimicrobial Treatment

Microbe-Human Interactions: Health and Disease

Host Defenses I: Overview and Nonspecific Defenses

Host Defenses Ii: Specific Immunity and Immunization

Disorders in Immunity

Diagnosing Infections

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Skin and Eyes

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Nervous System

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Respiratory System

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Gastrointestinal Tract

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Genitourinary System

Microbes and the Environment

Applied Microbiology and Food and Water Safety

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