Question 1

The site for ATP synthesis in bacterial cells is the ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  cell membrane 
B)  ribosome 
C)  mitochondrion 
D)  cell wall 
E)  microcompartment 
A)  cell membrane 
B)  ribosome 
C)  mitochondrion 
D)  cell wall 
E)  microcompartment

Question 2

Archaea have been found in many microenvironments in the human body. Which of the following microenvironments is most likely to ﬁt with the designation of Archaea as "extremophiles?"

Accepted Answer

A)  The gingiva and the gut are anaerobic. 
B)  The inner ear can withstand increased pressure. 
C)  The temperature of the testes is less than 37°C. 
D)  The surface of the tongue has salt receptors. 
A)  The gingiva and the gut are anaerobic. 
B)  The inner ear can withstand increased pressure. 
C)  The temperature of the testes is less than 37°C. 
D)  The surface of the tongue has salt receptors.

Question 3

You've just isolated a new bacterium in pure culture, and you culture it on a general purpose medium where its cells have a coccobacillus morphology. When you examine the cells after culturing on a variety of differential media, you ?nd that in some cases, the cells appear a coccobacillus, but in others, they can be ?lamentous, cocci, or club-shaped. The best explanation for this observation is that _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  the media were incubated at an incorrect temperature 
B)  the microscope is out of adjustment 
C)  the differential media are contaminated 
D)  the bacterium is pleomorphic 
E)  your culture has become contaminated 
A)  the media were incubated at an incorrect temperature 
B)  the microscope is out of adjustment 
C)  the differential media are contaminated 
D)  the bacterium is pleomorphic 
E)  your culture has become contaminated

Question 4

The term that refers to the presence of ﬂagella all over the cell surface is ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  atrichous 
B)  peritrichous 
C)  monotrichous 
D)  amphitrichous 
E)  lophotrichous 
A)  atrichous 
B)  peritrichous 
C)  monotrichous 
D)  amphitrichous 
E)  lophotrichous

Question 5

Gram-negative bacteria _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  have a more complex cell envelope with a greater variation in chemical composition 
B)  appear purple following the Gram stain 
C)  are generally more susceptible to antibiotics than gram-positive bacteria 
D)  include all pathogens 
A)  have a more complex cell envelope with a greater variation in chemical composition 
B)  appear purple following the Gram stain 
C)  are generally more susceptible to antibiotics than gram-positive bacteria 
D)  include all pathogens

Question 6

The transfer of genes during bacterial conjugation involves rigid, tubular appendages called ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  ﬁmbriae 
B)  cilia 
C)  ﬂagella 
D)  sex pili 
E)  periplasmic ﬂagella (axial ﬁlaments) 
A)  ﬁmbriae 
B)  cilia 
C)  ﬂagella 
D)  sex pili 
E)  periplasmic ﬂagella (axial ﬁlaments)

Question 7

Both gram-positive and gram-negative cells have outer membranes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The term that refers to ﬂagella at both poles of the cell is ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  peritrichous 
B)  atrichous 
C)  amphitrichous 
D)  monotrichous 
E)  lophotrichous 
A)  peritrichous 
B)  atrichous 
C)  amphitrichous 
D)  monotrichous 
E)  lophotrichous

Question 9

You've just isolated a new bacterium in pure culture, and you culture it on a general purpose medium where its cells have a rod-shape (bacillus) morphology. In addition to culturing it on solid media, you inoculate a slide to grow it as a bio?lm. When you use confocal microscopy to image the bio?lm, you observe that there are several cellular morphologies, ranging from coccus to coccobacillus to long bacillus. The best explanation for this observation is that _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  the bio?lm is no longer a pure culture of the microbe 
B)  the bio?lm culture was not incubated under the appropriate conditions 
C)  the microenvironments within a bio?lm promote structural variation 
D)  the confocal microscope is out of adjustment 
A)  the bio?lm is no longer a pure culture of the microbe 
B)  the bio?lm culture was not incubated under the appropriate conditions 
C)  the microenvironments within a bio?lm promote structural variation 
D)  the confocal microscope is out of adjustment

Question 10

The cell envelope of gram-positive bacteria has two layers: a thick cell wall and the cell membrane.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Which of the following statements regarding chemotaxis is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A)  In a cell with peritrichous ﬂagella, each ﬂagellum moves individually but in a coordinated direction during a run. 
B)  In a tumble, the ﬂagellum reverses direction, causing the cell to stop moving and change course. 
C)  The fuel for ﬂagellar motion is not ATP, but a proton gradient. 
D)  When a cell detects a nutrient gradient, it will increase the frequency of runs to move toward the nutrient. 
A)  In a cell with peritrichous ﬂagella, each ﬂagellum moves individually but in a coordinated direction during a run. 
B)  In a tumble, the ﬂagellum reverses direction, causing the cell to stop moving and change course. 
C)  The fuel for ﬂagellar motion is not ATP, but a proton gradient. 
D)  When a cell detects a nutrient gradient, it will increase the frequency of runs to move toward the nutrient.

Question 12

The macromolecule containing alternating N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM) chains cross-linked by short peptide fragments is ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  teichoic acid 
B)  peptidoglycan 
C)  lipopolysaccharide 
D)  mycolic acid 
E)  lysozyme 
A)  teichoic acid 
B)  peptidoglycan 
C)  lipopolysaccharide 
D)  mycolic acid 
E)  lysozyme

Question 13

Which external structure protects bacteria from phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Slime layer 
B)  Cell membrane 
C)  Capsule 
D)  Fimbriae 
A)  Slime layer 
B)  Cell membrane 
C)  Capsule 
D)  Fimbriae

Question 14

All bacterial cells have ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  capsules 
B) flagella 
C)  a chromosome 
D)  the ability to produce endospores 
E)  an S-layer 
A)  capsules 
B) flagella 
C)  a chromosome 
D)  the ability to produce endospores 
E)  an S-layer

Question 15

Chemotaxis refers to the ability of a cell to _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  move in response to a chemical 
B)  halt movement in response to a chemical 
C)  transport desired molecules into a cell 
D)  move in response to light 
A)  move in response to a chemical 
B)  halt movement in response to a chemical 
C)  transport desired molecules into a cell 
D)  move in response to light

Question 16

A slime layer gives bacterial cells greater pathogenicity than a capsule.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Which of the following properties are shared by both bacteria and archaea?

Accepted Answer

A)  Single, circular chromosome 
B)  Cell wall polysaccharides 
C)  Ester linkages in fatty acids 
D)  Method of DNA compaction 
A)  Single, circular chromosome 
B)  Cell wall polysaccharides 
C)  Ester linkages in fatty acids 
D)  Method of DNA compaction

Question 18

The basal body of a ﬂagellum is anchored into the ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  cell wall 
B)  outer membrane 
C)  cell membrane 
D)  peptidoglycan layer 
E)  hook 
A)  cell wall 
B)  outer membrane 
C)  cell membrane 
D)  peptidoglycan layer 
E)  hook

Question 19

Boiling water (100°C) can normally destroy endospores.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Lysozyme is most effective against ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  gram-positive organisms 
B)  mycoplasmas 
C)  gram-negative organisms 
D)  cyanobacteria 
E)  archaea 
A)  gram-positive organisms 
B)  mycoplasmas 
C)  gram-negative organisms 
D)  cyanobacteria 
E)  archaea

Exam 4: Bacteria and Archaea

The site for ATP synthesis in bacterial cells is the ______.

Archaea have been found in many microenvironments in the human body. Which of the following microenvironments is most likely to ﬁt with the designation of Archaea as "extremophiles?"

The term that refers to the presence of ﬂagella all over the cell surface is ______.

Gram-negative bacteria _______.

The transfer of genes during bacterial conjugation involves rigid, tubular appendages called ______.

Both gram-positive and gram-negative cells have outer membranes.

The term that refers to ﬂagella at both poles of the cell is ______.

The cell envelope of gram-positive bacteria has two layers: a thick cell wall and the cell membrane.

Which of the following statements regarding chemotaxis is incorrect?

The macromolecule containing alternating N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM) chains cross-linked by short peptide fragments is ______.

Which external structure protects bacteria from phagocytosis?

All bacterial cells have ______.

Chemotaxis refers to the ability of a cell to _______.

A slime layer gives bacterial cells greater pathogenicity than a capsule.

Which of the following properties are shared by both bacteria and archaea?

The basal body of a ﬂagellum is anchored into the ______.

Boiling water (100°C) can normally destroy endospores.

Lysozyme is most effective against ______.

The Main Themes of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Biology

Tools of the Laboratory: Methods for the Culturing of Microscopic Analysis of Microorganisms

Eukaryotic Cells and Microorganisms

Viruses and Prions

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Metabolism: the Chemical Crossroads of Life

Microbial Genetics

Genetic Analysis and Genetic Engineering

Physical and Chemical Control of Microbes

Antimicrobial Treatment

Microbe-Human Interactions: Health and Disease

Host Defenses I: Overview and Nonspecific Defenses

Host Defenses Ii: Specific Immunity and Immunization

Disorders in Immunity

Diagnosing Infections

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Skin and Eyes

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Nervous System

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Respiratory System

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Gastrointestinal Tract

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Genitourinary System

Microbes and the Environment

Applied Microbiology and Food and Water Safety

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