Question 1

Serological analysis for bacterial identiﬁcation typically involves using _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  speciﬁc antibodies to the bacterial cell antigens 
B)  the determination of guanine + cytosine base concentrations 
C)  methods to identify cell enzymes 
D)  the analysis of the appearance of colonies 
E)  a microscope to determine cell morphology 
A)  speciﬁc antibodies to the bacterial cell antigens 
B)  the determination of guanine + cytosine base concentrations 
C)  methods to identify cell enzymes 
D)  the analysis of the appearance of colonies 
E)  a microscope to determine cell morphology

Question 2

The bacterial ﬂagellum has three components. In order from the cytoplasm to the external environment, they are ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  basal body, hook, and ﬁlament 
B)  ﬁlament, basal body, and hook 
C)  basal body, ﬁlament, and hook 
D)  hook, basal body, and ﬁlament 
E)  ﬁlament, hook, and basal body 
A)  basal body, hook, and ﬁlament 
B)  ﬁlament, basal body, and hook 
C)  basal body, ﬁlament, and hook 
D)  hook, basal body, and ﬁlament 
E)  ﬁlament, hook, and basal body

Question 3

Which of the following is not true of the outer membrane?

Accepted Answer

A)  The innermost layer is a phospholipid bilayer. 
B)  Porins create channels through the outer membrane. 
C)  The uppermost layer is made of lipopolysaccharide. 
D)  The lipid portion of the lipopolysaccharide layer is termed endotoxin. 
E)  Gram-positive bacteria have an outer membrane. 
A)  The innermost layer is a phospholipid bilayer. 
B)  Porins create channels through the outer membrane. 
C)  The uppermost layer is made of lipopolysaccharide. 
D)  The lipid portion of the lipopolysaccharide layer is termed endotoxin. 
E)  Gram-positive bacteria have an outer membrane.

Question 4

A research laboratory that identiﬁes the subspecies of bacterial isolates from a recent Salmonella epidemic would refer to Bergey's Manual of ______ Bacteriology for guidance in identiﬁcation.

Accepted Answer

A)  Systematic 
B)  Determinative 
C)  Classical 
D)  Evolutionary 
A)  Systematic 
B)  Determinative 
C)  Classical 
D)  Evolutionary

Question 5

At present, the most accurate indicator of evolutionary relatedness among organisms is the _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  similarities of cell membrane proteins 
B)  size of the ribosomes 
C)  size of the periplasmic space 
D)  size of the bacterial chromosome 
E)  sequence of the ribosomal small subunit RNA 
A)  similarities of cell membrane proteins 
B)  size of the ribosomes 
C)  size of the periplasmic space 
D)  size of the bacterial chromosome 
E)  sequence of the ribosomal small subunit RNA

Question 6

Which of the following does not pertain to endotoxin?

Accepted Answer

A)  Endotoxin can stimulate fever in the human body. 
B)  Endotoxin can cause septic shock in the human body. 
C)  Endotoxin is a bacterial cell wall lipid. 
D)  Endotoxin is found in acid-fast bacterial cell walls. 
A)  Endotoxin can stimulate fever in the human body. 
B)  Endotoxin can cause septic shock in the human body. 
C)  Endotoxin is a bacterial cell wall lipid. 
D)  Endotoxin is found in acid-fast bacterial cell walls.

Question 7

If you observe rod-shaped, pink cells on a slide that had just been Gram stained, you can assume that their cell envelope contains endotoxin.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The short, numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  cilia 
B)  ﬂagella 
C)  periplasmic ﬂagella (axial ﬁlaments) 
D)  ﬁmbriae 
E)  pili 
A)  cilia 
B)  ﬂagella 
C)  periplasmic ﬂagella (axial ﬁlaments) 
D)  ﬁmbriae 
E)  pili

Question 9

You need to determine if a pure culture of bacteria is gram-positive or gram-negative, but you've just spilled your only solution of crystal violet so you can't do a Gram stain. You decide to try a lysozyme treatment on a sample of each culture and then examine the samples under the microscope. The expected result is _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  gram-negatives will lyse and appears as debris; gram-positives will be unaffected 
B)  gram-positives will lyse and appears as debris; gram-negatives will lose cellular morphology and appear as cocci 
C)  gram-positives will lyse and appears as debris; gram-negatives will lyse but more slowly 
D)  gram-positives will lyse and appears as debris; gram-negatives will be unaffected 
E)  gram-negatives will lyse and appears as debris; gram-positives will lose cellular morphology and appear as cocci 
A)  gram-negatives will lyse and appears as debris; gram-positives will be unaffected 
B)  gram-positives will lyse and appears as debris; gram-negatives will lose cellular morphology and appear as cocci 
C)  gram-positives will lyse and appears as debris; gram-negatives will lyse but more slowly 
D)  gram-positives will lyse and appears as debris; gram-negatives will be unaffected 
E)  gram-negatives will lyse and appears as debris; gram-positives will lose cellular morphology and appear as cocci

Question 10

Endospores are _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  metabolically inactive 
B)  resistant to heat and chemical treatments 
C)  resistant to destruction by radiation 
D)  living structures 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  metabolically inactive 
B)  resistant to heat and chemical treatments 
C)  resistant to destruction by radiation 
D)  living structures 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 11

Which of the following bacteria is not closely related to the others?

Accepted Answer

A)  Salmonella bongori 
B)  Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica 
C)  Salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae 
D)  Salmonella enterica subsp. indica 
A)  Salmonella bongori 
B)  Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica 
C)  Salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae 
D)  Salmonella enterica subsp. indica

Question 12

The reference for bacterial descriptions and classiﬁcations is _____ Manual of Systematic Bacteriology.

Accepted Answer

A)  Pasteur's 
B)  Koch's 
C)  Bergey's 
D)  Leeuwenhoek's 
E)  Lister's 
A)  Pasteur's 
B)  Koch's 
C)  Bergey's 
D)  Leeuwenhoek's 
E)  Lister's

Question 13

The division of microbes termed the Mendosicutes have a cell wall type best described as ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  lacking a cell wall 
B)  gram-negative 
C)  gram-positive 
D)  archaeal 
A)  lacking a cell wall 
B)  gram-negative 
C)  gram-positive 
D)  archaeal

Question 14

In which situation would a bacterium most likely have cytoplasmic inclusions?

Accepted Answer

A)  When the cell is synthesizing ﬂagella 
B)  In a habitat abundant in nutrients 
C)  When the cell is starved for nutrients 
D)  When producing an endospore 
A)  When the cell is synthesizing ﬂagella 
B)  In a habitat abundant in nutrients 
C)  When the cell is starved for nutrients 
D)  When producing an endospore

Question 15

Lipopolysaccharide is an important cell envelope component of ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  mycoplasmas 
B)  gram-negative bacteria 
C)  acid-fast bacteria 
D)  gram-positive bacteria 
E)  protoplasts 
A)  mycoplasmas 
B)  gram-negative bacteria 
C)  acid-fast bacteria 
D)  gram-positive bacteria 
E)  protoplasts

Question 16

Which of the following is mismatched?

Accepted Answer

A)  Firmicutes - gram-positive cell walls 
B)  Tenericutes - waxy, acid-fast cell walls 
C)  Mendosicutes - archaea cell walls 
D)  Gracilicutes - gram-negative cell walls 
A)  Firmicutes - gram-positive cell walls 
B)  Tenericutes - waxy, acid-fast cell walls 
C)  Mendosicutes - archaea cell walls 
D)  Gracilicutes - gram-negative cell walls

Question 17

All of the following occur during endospore germination except _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  dehydration of the cell components 
B)  binding of a small organic molecule to initiate germination 
C)  the cell grows out of its protein coats 
D)  enzymes digest the endospore cortex 
A)  dehydration of the cell components 
B)  binding of a small organic molecule to initiate germination 
C)  the cell grows out of its protein coats 
D)  enzymes digest the endospore cortex

Question 18

The chromosome in bacteria and archaea _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  contains all the cell's plasmids 
B)  is located in the cell membrane 
C)  is part of the nucleoid 
D)  forms a single linear strand of DNA 
A)  contains all the cell's plasmids 
B)  is located in the cell membrane 
C)  is part of the nucleoid 
D)  forms a single linear strand of DNA

Question 19

The chemical components of ribosomes are proteins and ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  mRNA 
B)  tRNA 
C)  rRNA 
D)  DNA 
A)  mRNA 
B)  tRNA 
C)  rRNA 
D)  DNA

Question 20

A chain of rod-shaped cells would be called a ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  staphylococcus 
B)  streptococcus 
C)  streptobacillus 
D)  Staphylobacillus 
E)  palisade 
A)  staphylococcus 
B)  streptococcus 
C)  streptobacillus 
D)  Staphylobacillus 
E)  palisade

Exam 4: Bacteria and Archaea

Serological analysis for bacterial identiﬁcation typically involves using _______.

The bacterial ﬂagellum has three components. In order from the cytoplasm to the external environment, they are ______.

Which of the following is not true of the outer membrane?

A research laboratory that identiﬁes the subspecies of bacterial isolates from a recent Salmonella epidemic would refer to Bergey's Manual of ______ Bacteriology for guidance in identiﬁcation.

At present, the most accurate indicator of evolutionary relatedness among organisms is the _______.

Which of the following does not pertain to endotoxin?

If you observe rod-shaped, pink cells on a slide that had just been Gram stained, you can assume that their cell envelope contains endotoxin.

The short, numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called ______.

Endospores are _______.

Which of the following bacteria is not closely related to the others?

The reference for bacterial descriptions and classiﬁcations is _____ Manual of Systematic Bacteriology.

The division of microbes termed the Mendosicutes have a cell wall type best described as ______.

In which situation would a bacterium most likely have cytoplasmic inclusions?

Lipopolysaccharide is an important cell envelope component of ______.

Which of the following is mismatched?

All of the following occur during endospore germination except _______.

The chromosome in bacteria and archaea _______.

The chemical components of ribosomes are proteins and ______.

A chain of rod-shaped cells would be called a ______.

The Main Themes of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Biology

Tools of the Laboratory: Methods for the Culturing of Microscopic Analysis of Microorganisms

Eukaryotic Cells and Microorganisms

Viruses and Prions

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Metabolism: the Chemical Crossroads of Life

Microbial Genetics

Genetic Analysis and Genetic Engineering

Physical and Chemical Control of Microbes

Antimicrobial Treatment

Microbe-Human Interactions: Health and Disease

Host Defenses I: Overview and Nonspecific Defenses

Host Defenses Ii: Specific Immunity and Immunization

Disorders in Immunity

Diagnosing Infections

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Skin and Eyes

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Nervous System

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Respiratory System

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Gastrointestinal Tract

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Genitourinary System

Microbes and the Environment

Applied Microbiology and Food and Water Safety

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