Question 1

Which statement is an accurate portrayal of the impact of nurture on infants' motor development?

Accepted Answer

A)  Infants develop motor skills on their own schedule, regardless of child-rearing practices. 
B)  Child-rearing practices can accelerate but not retard infants' motor development. 
C)  Child-rearing practices can retard but not accelerate infants' motor development. 
D)  Child-rearing practices can either accelerate or retard infants' motor development. 
A)  Infants develop motor skills on their own schedule, regardless of child-rearing practices. 
B)  Child-rearing practices can accelerate but not retard infants' motor development. 
C)  Child-rearing practices can retard but not accelerate infants' motor development. 
D)  Child-rearing practices can either accelerate or retard infants' motor development.

Question 2

Changes in the ability to perceive differences in stimuli that happen with experience are referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  perceptual narrowing. 
B)  sensory decay. 
C)  perceptual decline. 
D)  sensory contraction. 
A)  perceptual narrowing. 
B)  sensory decay. 
C)  perceptual decline. 
D)  sensory contraction.

Question 3

Explain some of the different reflexes that are present at birth and provide an example of each one you describe. Make sure to highlight which reflexes have adaptive significance and which do not.

Accepted Answer

All newborns are born with organized pat

Question 4

Infants can detect changes in music that adults cannot make. This phenomenon is thought to demonstrate

Accepted Answer

A)  perceptual narrowing. 
B)  sensory decay. 
C)  perceptual decline. 
D)  sensory contraction. 
A)  perceptual narrowing. 
B)  sensory decay. 
C)  perceptual decline. 
D)  sensory contraction.

Question 5

Which sensory reaction is an example of perception?

Accepted Answer

A)  experiencing visual stimulation as a round green apple 
B)  light stimulation activating the retina's cones 
C)  activation of sweetness receptors on the tongue 
D)  coldness triggering nerves in skin 
A)  experiencing visual stimulation as a round green apple 
B)  light stimulation activating the retina's cones 
C)  activation of sweetness receptors on the tongue 
D)  coldness triggering nerves in skin

Question 6

Experience shapes preference for

Accepted Answer

A)  own-race faces over other-race faces. 
B)  top-heavy stimuli over bottom-heavy stimuli. 
C)  attractive faces over unattractive faces. 
D)  all of these. 
A)  own-race faces over other-race faces. 
B)  top-heavy stimuli over bottom-heavy stimuli. 
C)  attractive faces over unattractive faces. 
D)  all of these.

Question 7

Light-sensitive neurons that are highly concentrated in the fovea are referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  cone cells. 
B)  the retina. 
C)  cubes. 
D)  acuity neurons. 
A)  cone cells. 
B)  the retina. 
C)  cubes. 
D)  acuity neurons.

Question 8

_____ was first discovered by Pavlov in his research with dogs.

Accepted Answer

A)  Observational learning 
B)  Classical conditioning 
C)  Perceptual learning 
D)  Operant conditioning 
A)  Observational learning 
B)  Classical conditioning 
C)  Perceptual learning 
D)  Operant conditioning

Question 9

Research by Needham and Baillargeon demonstrated that 8-month-old infants are better able than are 4-month-old infants to use which piece of information in their understanding of object segregation?

Accepted Answer

A)  common movement 
B)  common texture 
C)  knowledge about the world 
D)  all of these 
A)  common movement 
B)  common texture 
C)  knowledge about the world 
D)  all of these

Question 10

Which culture does not actively encourage motor development in infants?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gusii 
B)  Wolof 
C)  Kung San 
D)  urban China 
A)  Gusii 
B)  Wolof 
C)  Kung San 
D)  urban China

Question 11

This is a reward that reliably follows a behavior and increases the likelihood that the behavior will be repeated.

Accepted Answer

A)  positive reinforcement 
B)  negative reinforcement 
C)  positive punishment 
D)  negative punishment 
A)  positive reinforcement 
B)  negative reinforcement 
C)  positive punishment 
D)  negative punishment

Question 12

By what age does a developing child's visual acuity approach that of adults?

Accepted Answer

A)  8 weeks 
B)  8 months 
C)  2 years 
D)  6 years 
A)  8 weeks 
B)  8 months 
C)  2 years 
D)  6 years

Question 13

The other-race effect refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  preference for own-race faces over other-race faces. 
B)  superior discrimination between own-race faces than between other-race faces. 
C)  superior discrimination between human faces than between other primate faces. 
D)  the combination of all of these. 
A)  preference for own-race faces over other-race faces. 
B)  superior discrimination between own-race faces than between other-race faces. 
C)  superior discrimination between human faces than between other primate faces. 
D)  the combination of all of these.

Question 14

The preferential-looking technique is founded on the expectation that infants will

Accepted Answer

A)  look longer at objects they like or find interesting. 
B)  look away from complicated or frightening objects. 
C)  recognize familiar patterns. 
D)  lose interest in objects that are familiar. 
A)  look longer at objects they like or find interesting. 
B)  look away from complicated or frightening objects. 
C)  recognize familiar patterns. 
D)  lose interest in objects that are familiar.

Question 15

Which statement about research on infants' and adults' ability to differentiate between pairs of human faces and between pairs of monkey faces is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  By the age of 6 months, infants can successfully differentiate between pairs of monkey faces and between pairs of human faces, and this ability remains constant throughout life. 
B)  At 6 months of age, infants can successfully differentiate between pairs of human faces but not between pairs of monkey faces, and this pattern remains throughout adulthood. 
C)  At 6 months of age, infants can successfully differentiate between pairs of human faces and between pairs of monkey faces, but older infants and adults have lost the ability to differentiate between monkey faces. 
D)  At 6 months of age, infants are unable to differentiate between pairs of human faces and between pairs of monkey faces, but both of these abilities develop by the age of 9 months. 
A)  By the age of 6 months, infants can successfully differentiate between pairs of monkey faces and between pairs of human faces, and this ability remains constant throughout life. 
B)  At 6 months of age, infants can successfully differentiate between pairs of human faces but not between pairs of monkey faces, and this pattern remains throughout adulthood. 
C)  At 6 months of age, infants can successfully differentiate between pairs of human faces and between pairs of monkey faces, but older infants and adults have lost the ability to differentiate between monkey faces. 
D)  At 6 months of age, infants are unable to differentiate between pairs of human faces and between pairs of monkey faces, but both of these abilities develop by the age of 9 months.

Question 16

How clearly an individual can see is referred to as his visual

Accepted Answer

A)  contrast. 
B)  scanning ability. 
C)  acuity. 
D)  constancy. 
A)  contrast. 
B)  scanning ability. 
C)  acuity. 
D)  constancy.

Question 17

Seven-month-old Vivi is presented with a trapezoidal object that adults would perceive as a rectangle placed on a diagonal, with one side closer than the other side, similar to the window from the Yonas, Cleaves, and Pettersen study described in the text. During the first set of trials, a patch is placed over one eye, and the object is presented in front of Vivi. During the second set of trials, the patch is removed and the object is again presented. Researchers record Vivi's reaches toward the object. The MOST likely result will be that Vivi reaches

Accepted Answer

A)  toward the longer side on both sets of trials. 
B)  toward the longer side on the first set of trials but equally toward both sides on the second set of trials. 
C)  equally toward both sides on the first set of trials but toward the longer side on the second set of trials. 
D)  toward the longer side when viewed with one eye closed. 
A)  toward the longer side on both sets of trials. 
B)  toward the longer side on the first set of trials but equally toward both sides on the second set of trials. 
C)  equally toward both sides on the first set of trials but toward the longer side on the second set of trials. 
D)  toward the longer side when viewed with one eye closed.

Question 18

Parents who are concerned about the habituation effect of their children watching violent acts on television are worried that their children will

Accepted Answer

A)  learn how to commit violent acts. 
B)  cease to be shocked by violence. 
C)  become angered by the violence. 
D)  look up to violent people as role models. 
A)  learn how to commit violent acts. 
B)  cease to be shocked by violence. 
C)  become angered by the violence. 
D)  look up to violent people as role models.

Question 19

The cue that is MOST important for object segregation is common

Accepted Answer

A)  movement. 
B)  color. 
C)  texture. 
D)  distance. 
A)  movement. 
B)  color. 
C)  texture. 
D)  distance.

Question 20

A father puts his 5-month-old infant in his crib and then leaves the room. With which statement would Piaget be MOST likely to agree?

Accepted Answer

A)  The infant can mentally represent his father. 
B)  The infant fails to comprehend that his father still exists. 
C)  The infant knows that his father still exists but cannot remember what his father looks like. 
D)  The infant knows that his father still exists but does not know how to get his father to come back to his room. 
A)  The infant can mentally represent his father. 
B)  The infant fails to comprehend that his father still exists. 
C)  The infant knows that his father still exists but cannot remember what his father looks like. 
D)  The infant knows that his father still exists but does not know how to get his father to come back to his room.

Which statement is an accurate portrayal of the impact of nurture on infants' motor development?

Changes in the ability to perceive differences in stimuli that happen with experience are referred to as

Explain some of the different reflexes that are present at birth and provide an example of each one you describe. Make sure to highlight which reflexes have adaptive significance and which do not.

Infants can detect changes in music that adults cannot make. This phenomenon is thought to demonstrate

Which sensory reaction is an example of perception?

Experience shapes preference for

Light-sensitive neurons that are highly concentrated in the fovea are referred to as

_____ was first discovered by Pavlov in his research with dogs.

Research by Needham and Baillargeon demonstrated that 8-month-old infants are better able than are 4-month-old infants to use which piece of information in their understanding of object segregation?

Which culture does not actively encourage motor development in infants?

This is a reward that reliably follows a behavior and increases the likelihood that the behavior will be repeated.

By what age does a developing child's visual acuity approach that of adults?

The other-race effect refers to

The preferential-looking technique is founded on the expectation that infants will

Which statement about research on infants' and adults' ability to differentiate between pairs of human faces and between pairs of monkey faces is TRUE?

How clearly an individual can see is referred to as his visual

Parents who are concerned about the habituation effect of their children watching violent acts on television are worried that their children will

The cue that is MOST important for object segregation is common

A father puts his 5-month-old infant in his crib and then leaves the room. With which statement would Piaget be MOST likely to agree?

An Introduction to Child Development

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Biology and Behavior

Theories of Cognitive Development

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Theories of Social Development

Emotional Development

Attachment to Others and Development of Self

The Family

Peer Relationships

Moral Development

Gender Development

Conclusions

Filters

Exam 5: Perception, Action, and Learning in Infancy

Which statement is an accurate portrayal of the impact of nurture on infants' motor development?

Changes in the ability to perceive differences in stimuli that happen with experience are referred to as

Explain some of the different reflexes that are present at birth and provide an example of each one you describe. Make sure to highlight which reflexes have adaptive significance and which do not.

Infants can detect changes in music that adults cannot make. This phenomenon is thought to demonstrate

Which sensory reaction is an example of perception?

Experience shapes preference for

Light-sensitive neurons that are highly concentrated in the fovea are referred to as

_____ was first discovered by Pavlov in his research with dogs.

Research by Needham and Baillargeon demonstrated that 8-month-old infants are better able than are 4-month-old infants to use which piece of information in their understanding of object segregation?

Which culture does not actively encourage motor development in infants?

This is a reward that reliably follows a behavior and increases the likelihood that the behavior will be repeated.

By what age does a developing child's visual acuity approach that of adults?

The other-race effect refers to

The preferential-looking technique is founded on the expectation that infants will

Which statement about research on infants' and adults' ability to differentiate between pairs of human faces and between pairs of monkey faces is TRUE?

How clearly an individual can see is referred to as his visual

Parents who are concerned about the habituation effect of their children watching violent acts on television are worried that their children will

The cue that is MOST important for object segregation is common

A father puts his 5-month-old infant in his crib and then leaves the room. With which statement would Piaget be MOST likely to agree?

An Introduction to Child Development

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Biology and Behavior

Theories of Cognitive Development

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Theories of Social Development

Emotional Development

Attachment to Others and Development of Self

The Family

Peer Relationships

Moral Development

Gender Development

Conclusions

Filters