Exam 4: Conceptualization and Measurement

The set of questions in the Favorable Attitudes Toward Antisocial Behavior Scale is a good example of a(n) ______.

Criterion validity is established when ______.

A strategy that increases the reliability of observational data by using explicit rules that standardize coding practices across observers is

A variable's attributes or values are mutually exclusive if ______.

What is "operationalization"? Using the concept "binge drinking", operationalize one variable that represents it, and finally provide one indicator for the measure.

Open-ended questions are preferable when the range of responses cannot adequately be anticipated.

A measure is valid when it yields consistent scores or observations of a given phenomenon on different occasions.

______ validity is commonly used in social science research when no clear criterion exists for validation.

How we operationalize concepts affects our findings.

What are four levels of measurement? Name and give an example of each.

Reliability is a prerequisite for measurement validity.

The use of multiple methods to study one research question is known as ______.

Physical traces of past behavior are one type of ______.

Researchers are testing alternate-forms reliability when ______.

The level of precision in the data that result from particular procedures is known as the ______.

The goal of conceptualization is to devise operations that actually measure what we intend to measure.

When ratings by an observer are being assessed at two or more points in time, test-retest reliability is termed inter-observer reliability.

Researchers are testing split-halves reliability when they compare subjects' answers to lightly different versions of survey questions.

Why do surveys that are to be given to a large number of people often consist primarily of closed-ended (fixed choice) questions?

Why is it crucial to clearly define a concept before conducting research?