Question 1

ADH is produced by cells in the _________________________.

Accepted Answer

hypothalamus

Question 2

The primary stimulus in the blood for the secretion of aldosterone is

Accepted Answer

A)  rising potassium levels. 
B)  falling potassium levels. 
C)  rising sodium levels. 
D)  falling sodium levels. 
E)  none of the above 
A)  rising potassium levels. 
B)  falling potassium levels. 
C)  rising sodium levels. 
D)  falling sodium levels. 
E)  none of the above D

Question 3

Which of the following are too large to be filtered?

Accepted Answer

A)  amino acids. 
B)  glucose. 
C)  lipids. 
D)  proteins. 
E)  none of the above 
A)  amino acids. 
B)  glucose. 
C)  lipids. 
D)  proteins. 
E)  none of the above D

Question 4

Major calyces are

Accepted Answer

A)  large branches of the renal pelvis. 
B)  expanded ends of nephrons. 
C)  basic functional layers of the kidney. 
D)  conical-shaped structures that are located in the renal medulla. 
E)  the expanded ends of renal pyramids. 
A)  large branches of the renal pelvis. 
B)  expanded ends of nephrons. 
C)  basic functional layers of the kidney. 
D)  conical-shaped structures that are located in the renal medulla. 
E)  the expanded ends of renal pyramids.

Question 5

Ions normally found in urine and plasma include which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  chloride 
B)  bicarbonate 
C)  potassium 
D)  sodium 
E)  all of the above 
A)  chloride 
B)  bicarbonate 
C)  potassium 
D)  sodium 
E)  all of the above

Question 6

Dan has been lost in the desert for two days with very little water. As a result of this exposure, one would expect to observe

Accepted Answer

A)  elevated ADH levels. 
B)  decreased blood concentration. 
C)  normal urine production. 
D)  increased blood volume. 
E)  cells enlarged with fluid. 
A)  elevated ADH levels. 
B)  decreased blood concentration. 
C)  normal urine production. 
D)  increased blood volume. 
E)  cells enlarged with fluid.

Question 7

Which compartment is the largest?

Accepted Answer

A)  lymph 
B)  plasma 
C)  interstitial fluid 
D)  transcellular fluid 
E)  cerebrospinal fluid 
A)  lymph 
B)  plasma 
C)  interstitial fluid 
D)  transcellular fluid 
E)  cerebrospinal fluid

Question 8

The juxtaglomerular apparatus regulates the filtration rate by

Accepted Answer

A)  vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole. 
B)  vasodilation of the afferent arteriole. 
C)  vasoconstriction of the peritubular capillaries. 
D)  vasodilation of the efferent arteriole. 
A)  vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole. 
B)  vasodilation of the afferent arteriole. 
C)  vasoconstriction of the peritubular capillaries. 
D)  vasodilation of the efferent arteriole.

Question 9

The principal cation in the ICF is

Accepted Answer

A)  sodium. 
B)  potassium. 
C)  calcium. 
D)  magnesium. 
E)  chloride. 
A)  sodium. 
B)  potassium. 
C)  calcium. 
D)  magnesium. 
E)  chloride.

Question 10

The detrusor muscle

Accepted Answer

A)  moves urine through the ureters. 
B)  compresses the urinary bladder and expels urine through the urethra. 
C)  functions as the internal urinary sphincter. 
D)  functions as the external urinary sphincter. 
E)  is located in the renal pelvis. 
A)  moves urine through the ureters. 
B)  compresses the urinary bladder and expels urine through the urethra. 
C)  functions as the internal urinary sphincter. 
D)  functions as the external urinary sphincter. 
E)  is located in the renal pelvis.

Question 11

A person who suffers from chronic diabetes can exhibit signs of

Accepted Answer

A)  respiratory acidosis. 
B)  respiratory alkalosis. 
C)  metabolic acidosis. 
D)  metabolic alkalosis. 
E)  none of the above 
A)  respiratory acidosis. 
B)  respiratory alkalosis. 
C)  metabolic acidosis. 
D)  metabolic alkalosis. 
E)  none of the above

Question 12

Calcium homeostasis primarily reflects

Accepted Answer

A)  a balance between absorption in the gut and excretion at the kidneys. 
B)  careful regulation of blood calcium levels by the kidneys. 
C)  an interplay between parathormone and aldosterone. 
D)  an interplay between reserves in the bone, the rate of absorption, and the rate of excretion. 
E)  hormonal control of calcium reserves in the bones. 
A)  a balance between absorption in the gut and excretion at the kidneys. 
B)  careful regulation of blood calcium levels by the kidneys. 
C)  an interplay between parathormone and aldosterone. 
D)  an interplay between reserves in the bone, the rate of absorption, and the rate of excretion. 
E)  hormonal control of calcium reserves in the bones.

Question 13

Using the figure above, identify the labeled part.
-Label Z: ________

Accepted Answer

The answer of   Using the figure above, identify...

Question 14

When water is lost but electrolytes are retained,

Accepted Answer

A)  the osmolarity of the ECF falls. 
B)  osmosis moves water from the ICF to the ECF. 
C)  both the ECF and the ICF become more dilute. 
D)  there is an increase in the volume of the ICF. 
E)  all of the above 
A)  the osmolarity of the ECF falls. 
B)  osmosis moves water from the ICF to the ECF. 
C)  both the ECF and the ICF become more dilute. 
D)  there is an increase in the volume of the ICF. 
E)  all of the above

Question 15

Movement of water between compartments is by

Accepted Answer

A)  diffusion. 
B)  osmosis. 
C)  active transport. 
D)  pinocytosis. 
E)  facilitated diffusion. 
A)  diffusion. 
B)  osmosis. 
C)  active transport. 
D)  pinocytosis. 
E)  facilitated diffusion.

Question 16

Which of the following is correct about the location of the kidney?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is one kidney deep to the liver. 
B)  The kidneys are bilateral and retroperitoneal. 
C)  The left kidney is lower than the right. 
D)  The kidneys are in the anterior abdominal wall. 
E)  all of the above 
A)  There is one kidney deep to the liver. 
B)  The kidneys are bilateral and retroperitoneal. 
C)  The left kidney is lower than the right. 
D)  The kidneys are in the anterior abdominal wall. 
E)  all of the above

Question 17

Match the acid-base disorder in the first column with its characteristic treatment in the second column.
_____ 1. metabolic acidosis A. improve ventilation
_____ 2. metabolic alkalosis B. administer bicarbonate
_____ 3. respiratory acidosis C. reduce respiratory rate, allow rise in PCO2
_____ 4. respiratory alkalosis D. no treatment below pH 7.55; above pH 7.55,
administer ammonium chloride

Accepted Answer

Question 18

In response to decreased levels of aldosterone, the kidneys could produce

Accepted Answer

A)  a larger volume of urine. 
B)  urine with a higher concentration of sodium ions. 
C)  urine with a lower concentration of potassium ions. 
D)  urine with a lower specific gravity. 
E)  urine with less urea. 
A)  a larger volume of urine. 
B)  urine with a higher concentration of sodium ions. 
C)  urine with a lower concentration of potassium ions. 
D)  urine with a lower specific gravity. 
E)  urine with less urea.

Question 19

Dehydration would cause

Accepted Answer

A)  fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF. 
B)  decreased secretion of ADH. 
C)  increased thirst. 
D)  decreased levels of aldosterone. 
E)  all of the above 
A)  fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF. 
B)  decreased secretion of ADH. 
C)  increased thirst. 
D)  decreased levels of aldosterone. 
E)  all of the above

Question 20

Movement of fluid from the peritubular capillaries to the renal tubule is called _________________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Movement of fluid from the peritubular capillaries...

ADH is produced by cells in the _________________________.

The primary stimulus in the blood for the secretion of aldosterone is

Which of the following are too large to be filtered?

Major calyces are

Ions normally found in urine and plasma include which of the following?

Dan has been lost in the desert for two days with very little water. As a result of this exposure, one would expect to observe

Which compartment is the largest?

The juxtaglomerular apparatus regulates the filtration rate by

The principal cation in the ICF is

The detrusor muscle

A person who suffers from chronic diabetes can exhibit signs of

Calcium homeostasis primarily reflects

Using the figure above, identify the labeled part. -Label Z: ________

When water is lost but electrolytes are retained,

Movement of water between compartments is by

Which of the following is correct about the location of the kidney?

In response to decreased levels of aldosterone, the kidneys could produce

Dehydration would cause

Movement of fluid from the peritubular capillaries to the renal tubule is called _________________________.

An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

The Chemical Level of Organization

Cell Structure and Function

The Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

The Skeletal System

The Muscular System

The Nervous System

The General and Special Senses

The Endocrine System

The Cardiovascular System: Blood

The Cardiovascular System: the Heart

The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphoid System and Immunity

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

Nutrition and Metabolism

The Reproductive System

Development and Inheritance

Filters

Exam 18: The Urinary System

ADH is produced by cells in the _________________________.

The primary stimulus in the blood for the secretion of aldosterone is

Which of the following are too large to be filtered?

Major calyces are

Ions normally found in urine and plasma include which of the following?

Dan has been lost in the desert for two days with very little water. As a result of this exposure, one would expect to observe

Which compartment is the largest?

The juxtaglomerular apparatus regulates the filtration rate by

The principal cation in the ICF is

The detrusor muscle

A person who suffers from chronic diabetes can exhibit signs of

Calcium homeostasis primarily reflects

Using the figure above, identify the labeled part. -Label Z: ________

When water is lost but electrolytes are retained,

Movement of water between compartments is by

Which of the following is correct about the location of the kidney?

In response to decreased levels of aldosterone, the kidneys could produce

Dehydration would cause

Movement of fluid from the peritubular capillaries to the renal tubule is called _________________________.

An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

The Chemical Level of Organization

Cell Structure and Function

The Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

The Skeletal System

The Muscular System

The Nervous System

The General and Special Senses

The Endocrine System

The Cardiovascular System: Blood

The Cardiovascular System: the Heart

The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphoid System and Immunity

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

Nutrition and Metabolism

The Reproductive System

Development and Inheritance

Filters