Question 1

Which of the following proteins represents a coupled transport system where two molecules travel in the same direction?

Accepted Answer

A)  aquaporin 
B)  symport 
C)  antiport 
D)  porin 
E)  diffusion transporters 
A)  aquaporin 
B)  symport 
C)  antiport 
D)  porin 
E)  diffusion transporters B

Question 2

Which of the following are responsible for the CO₂-fixation component of the carbon cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  heterotrophs 
B)  symbionts 
C)  autotrophs 
D)  chemotrophs 
E)  organotrophs 
A)  heterotrophs 
B)  symbionts 
C)  autotrophs 
D)  chemotrophs 
E)  organotrophs C

Question 3

Which forms are NOT made by Streptomyces?

Accepted Answer

A)  hyphae 
B)  germinating spores 
C)  filaments 
D)  endospores 
E)  mycelia 
A)  hyphae 
B)  germinating spores 
C)  filaments 
D)  endospores 
E)  mycelia D

Question 4

A(n) ________ cell loses membrane integrity and cannot carry out the simple transport functions needed to sustain growth.

Accepted Answer

A)  depolarized 
B)  endospore 
C)  planktonic 
D)  heterocyst 
E)  dormant 
A)  depolarized 
B)  endospore 
C)  planktonic 
D)  heterocyst 
E)  dormant

Question 5

Discuss some disadvantages of viable counts of microorganisms.

Accepted Answer

Colony counting will not reflect the siz

Question 6

The best method to isolate single colonies is the ________ plate, and the best method to count colonies is the ________ plate.

Accepted Answer

A)  streak; pour 
B)  pour; streak 
C)  defined; complex 
D)  complex; defined 
E)  spread; streak 
A)  streak; pour 
B)  pour; streak 
C)  defined; complex 
D)  complex; defined 
E)  spread; streak

Question 7

Some bacteria form environmentally resistant dormant forms called

Accepted Answer

A)  endospores. 
B)  heterocysts. 
C)  colonies. 
D)  hyphae. 
E)  actinomycetes. 
A)  endospores. 
B)  heterocysts. 
C)  colonies. 
D)  hyphae. 
E)  actinomycetes.

Question 8

All known microorganisms have a set of genes coding for ________, whose RNA sequences are highly conserved across the phylogenetic tree.

Accepted Answer

A)  ribosomes 
B)  chloroplasts 
C)  enzymes 
D)  cell membranes 
E)  cell walls 
A)  ribosomes 
B)  chloroplasts 
C)  enzymes 
D)  cell membranes 
E)  cell walls

Question 9

Metabolism of a microbe is best examined by growing the organism in a

Accepted Answer

A)  defined medium. 
B)  complex medium. 
C)  spread plate. 
D)  pour plate. 
E)  cell culture. 
A)  defined medium. 
B)  complex medium. 
C)  spread plate. 
D)  pour plate. 
E)  cell culture.

Question 10

What type of growth pattern is represented here: 5 ´ 10³; 1 ´ 10⁴; 2 ´ 10⁴; 4 ´ 10⁴; 8 ´ 10⁴?

Accepted Answer

A)  linear 
B)  exponential 
C)  lag 
D)  generation 
E)  semilogarithmic 
A)  linear 
B)  exponential 
C)  lag 
D)  generation 
E)  semilogarithmic

Question 11

Which of the following intercalates between DNA bases, causing dead cells to stain red under a fluorescence scope?

Accepted Answer

A)  propidium iodide 
B)  syto-9 
C)  bile salt 
D)  crystal violet 
E)  safranin 
A)  propidium iodide 
B)  syto-9 
C)  bile salt 
D)  crystal violet 
E)  safranin

Question 12

Which of the following are specific nutrients NOT required by other species?

Accepted Answer

A)  macronutrients 
B)  micronutrients 
C)  growth factors 
D)  trace elements 
E)  essential nutrients 
A)  macronutrients 
B)  micronutrients 
C)  growth factors 
D)  trace elements 
E)  essential nutrients

Question 13

All of Earth's life-forms are based on

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrogen. 
B)  nitrogen. 
C)  oxygen. 
D)  carbon. 
E)  phosphorus. 
A)  hydrogen. 
B)  nitrogen. 
C)  oxygen. 
D)  carbon. 
E)  phosphorus.

Question 14

Which of the following genera does NOT undergo differentiation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Anabaena 
B)  Bacillus 
C)  Clostridium 
D)  Escherichia 
E)  Streptomyces 
A)  Anabaena 
B)  Bacillus 
C)  Clostridium 
D)  Escherichia 
E)  Streptomyces

Question 15

Which of the following statements is FALSE about the E. coli phosphotransferase system (PTS)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Enzyme II components are specific to the substrates being transported. 
B)  The substrate is phosphorylated during transport by PTS, making it different from the external substrate; thus, the substrate always travels down its concentration gradient. 
C)  The phosphate group transferred to the sugar comes from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP). 
D)  The PTS transport requires energy in the form of ATP. 
E)  The system has a modular design that accommodates different substrates. 
A)  Enzyme II components are specific to the substrates being transported. 
B)  The substrate is phosphorylated during transport by PTS, making it different from the external substrate; thus, the substrate always travels down its concentration gradient. 
C)  The phosphate group transferred to the sugar comes from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP). 
D)  The PTS transport requires energy in the form of ATP. 
E)  The system has a modular design that accommodates different substrates.

Question 16

What are some specific problems that biofilms can cause in the medical field, and why are they so difficult to prevent and destroy?

Accepted Answer

Biofilms can grow in medical devices suc

Question 17

Why does binary fission result in an exponential and not a linear growth rate?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria replicate by binary fission. In

Question 18

When studying the metabolism of an organism, why is it better to grow organisms in a defined synthetic medium instead of a complex medium?

Accepted Answer

It is difficult to characterize an organ

Question 19

You have isolated a bacterium from the rumen of a cow and wish to know how it transports glucose into the cell. You perform an experiment that shows uptake of radioactively labeled glucose is equal when the organism is grown in media in the presence and absence of inhibitors of energy production. What is the mechanism of glucose transport in this cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  group translocation 
B)  diffusion 
C)  facilitated diffusion 
D)  active transport 
E)  endocytosis 
A)  group translocation 
B)  diffusion 
C)  facilitated diffusion 
D)  active transport 
E)  endocytosis

Question 20

The most common form of chemical energy is contained in the high-energy phosphate bonds of

Accepted Answer

A)  water. 
B)  glucose. 
C)  ATP. 
D)  CO2. 
E)  NADH. 
A)  water. 
B)  glucose. 
C)  ATP. 
D)  CO2. 
E)  NADH.

Exam 4: Bacterial Culture, Growth, and Development

Which of the following proteins represents a coupled transport system where two molecules travel in the same direction?

Which of the following are responsible for the CO₂-fixation component of the carbon cycle?

Which forms are NOT made by Streptomyces?

A(n) ________ cell loses membrane integrity and cannot carry out the simple transport functions needed to sustain growth.

Discuss some disadvantages of viable counts of microorganisms.

The best method to isolate single colonies is the ________ plate, and the best method to count colonies is the ________ plate.

Some bacteria form environmentally resistant dormant forms called

All known microorganisms have a set of genes coding for ________, whose RNA sequences are highly conserved across the phylogenetic tree.

Metabolism of a microbe is best examined by growing the organism in a

What type of growth pattern is represented here: 5 ´ 10³; 1 ´ 10⁴; 2 ´ 10⁴; 4 ´ 10⁴; 8 ´ 10⁴?

Which of the following intercalates between DNA bases, causing dead cells to stain red under a fluorescence scope?

Which of the following are specific nutrients NOT required by other species?

All of Earth's life-forms are based on

Which of the following genera does NOT undergo differentiation?

Which of the following statements is FALSE about the E. coli phosphotransferase system (PTS)?

What are some specific problems that biofilms can cause in the medical field, and why are they so difficult to prevent and destroy?

Why does binary fission result in an exponential and not a linear growth rate?

When studying the metabolism of an organism, why is it better to grow organisms in a defined synthetic medium instead of a complex medium?

The most common form of chemical energy is contained in the high-energy phosphate bonds of

Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery

Observing the Microbial Cell

Cell Structure and Function

Environmental Influences and Control of Microbial Growth

Viruses

Genomes and Chromosomes

Transcription, Translation, and Bioinformatics

Gene Transfer, Mutations, and Genome Evolution

Molecular Regulation

Viral Molecular Biology

Biotechniques and Synthetic Biology

Energetics and Catabolism

Electron Flow in Organotrophy, Lithotrophy, and Phototrophy

Biosynthesis

Food and Industrial Microbiology

Origins and Evolution

Bacterial Diversity

Archaeal Diversity

Eukaryotic Diversity

Microbial Ecology

Microbes in Global Elemental Cycles

Human Microbiota and Innate Immunity

The Adaptive Immune Response

Microbial Pathogenesis

Microbial Diseases

Antimicrobial Therapy

Clinical Microbiology and Epidemiology

Filters

The best method to isolate single colonies is the plate, and the best method to count colonies is the plate.