Question 1

Which of the following is NOT true about thermophiles?

Accepted Answer

A)  Their proteins contain less glycine. 
B)  They have more unsaturated linear lipids in their membranes. 
C)  They have chaperone proteins. 
D)  Their genomes are packed with numerous DNA-binding proteins that stabilize DNA. 
E)  They have special enzymes that function to tightly coil DNA. 
A)  Their proteins contain less glycine. 
B)  They have more unsaturated linear lipids in their membranes. 
C)  They have chaperone proteins. 
D)  Their genomes are packed with numerous DNA-binding proteins that stabilize DNA. 
E)  They have special enzymes that function to tightly coil DNA.

Question 2

Cyanobacterial blooms such as those shown in the figure below are typically due to human-caused

Accepted Answer

A)  antibiotic resistance. 
B)  warming. 
C)  oxygenation. 
D)  salinity increase. 
E)  eutrophication. 
A)  antibiotic resistance. 
B)  warming. 
C)  oxygenation. 
D)  salinity increase. 
E)  eutrophication.

Question 3

Organisms adapted to grow at overwhelmingly high pressures are called

Accepted Answer

A)  psychrophiles. 
B)  thermophiles. 
C)  barophiles. 
D)  acidophiles. 
E)  mesophiles. 
A)  psychrophiles. 
B)  thermophiles. 
C)  barophiles. 
D)  acidophiles. 
E)  mesophiles.

Question 4

Which of the following are prominent members of microbial communities beneath icebergs in the Arctic and Antarctic?

Accepted Answer

A)  barophiles 
B)  psychrophiles 
C)  mesophiles 
D)  thermophiles 
E)  acidophiles 
A)  barophiles 
B)  psychrophiles 
C)  mesophiles 
D)  thermophiles 
E)  acidophiles

Question 5

An organism that requires atmospheric oxygen levels for growth is

Accepted Answer

A)  aerobic. 
B)  microaerophilic. 
C)  aerotolerant. 
D)  anaerobic. 
E)  facultative. 
A)  aerobic. 
B)  microaerophilic. 
C)  aerotolerant. 
D)  anaerobic. 
E)  facultative.

Question 6

Why are many barophiles also psychrophiles, and how are the adaptations for barophiles and psychrophiles similar?

Accepted Answer

Barophiles are typically found on the oc

Question 7

Which temperature is lethal to any mesophile?

Accepted Answer

A)  its optimum growth temperature 
B)  its minimum growth temperature 
C)  its maximum growth temperature 
D)  refrigeration temperature 
E)  autoclave temperature 
A)  its optimum growth temperature 
B)  its minimum growth temperature 
C)  its maximum growth temperature 
D)  refrigeration temperature 
E)  autoclave temperature

Question 8

Describe one method that enables researchers to study extremophilic organisms that we cannot culture in the laboratory.

Accepted Answer

Answers may vary. Genome sequences prese

Question 9

The proteins and cell components of halophiles have remarkably high intracellular levels of ________, which helps to maintain their cell structure.

Accepted Answer

A)  oxygen 
B)  potassium 
C)  calcium 
D)  sodium 
E)  hydrogen 
A)  oxygen 
B)  potassium 
C)  calcium 
D)  sodium 
E)  hydrogen

Question 10

The conditions used in an autoclave may be reproduced at home in

Accepted Answer

A)  a rice cooker. 
B)  a double-boiler. 
C)  a microwave. 
D)  a pressure cooker. 
E)  boiling water. 
A)  a rice cooker. 
B)  a double-boiler. 
C)  a microwave. 
D)  a pressure cooker. 
E)  boiling water.

Question 11

Special channels for helping water move across the membrane quickly are called

Accepted Answer

A)  compatible solutes. 
B)  osmolarity. 
C)  aquaporins. 
D)  mechanosensitive channels. 
E)  chaperones. 
A)  compatible solutes. 
B)  osmolarity. 
C)  aquaporins. 
D)  mechanosensitive channels. 
E)  chaperones.

Question 12

An organism that grows in the circled region of the tube of medium containing thioglycolate shown below is probably a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  strict aerobe. 
B)  facultative anaerobe. 
C)  aerotolerant anaerobe. 
D)  microaerophile. 
E)  strict anaerobe. 
A)  strict aerobe. 
B)  facultative anaerobe. 
C)  aerotolerant anaerobe. 
D)  microaerophile. 
E)  strict anaerobe.

Question 13

Why is moist heat more efficient at killing microbes than dry heat? How does an autoclave kill microbes so efficiently?

Accepted Answer

Moist heat is a more effective killer th

Question 14

A ________ medium is one of higher osmolarity than the cell.

Accepted Answer

A)  hypertonic 
B)  hypotonic 
C)  isotonic 
D)  defined 
E)  complex 
A)  hypertonic 
B)  hypotonic 
C)  isotonic 
D)  defined 
E)  complex

Question 15

What is depicted in the following figure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Antibiotic production has inhibited bacterial growth. 
B)  A bacteriophage has preyed on the bacterial colonies. 
C)  Weak acid production has inhibited bacterial growth. 
D)  A biofilm has become resistant to disinfectants. 
E)  Starving cells have undergone programmed cell death. 
A)  Antibiotic production has inhibited bacterial growth. 
B)  A bacteriophage has preyed on the bacterial colonies. 
C)  Weak acid production has inhibited bacterial growth. 
D)  A biofilm has become resistant to disinfectants. 
E)  Starving cells have undergone programmed cell death.

Question 16

Filtration of samples to remove microbial cells typically use micropore filters with pore sizes of

Accepted Answer

A)  1.5 mm. 
B)  0.2 mm.,. 
C)  0.1 nm. 
D)  150 mm.. 
E)  0.2 mm., 
A)  1.5 mm. 
B)  0.2 mm.,. 
C)  0.1 nm. 
D)  150 mm.. 
E)  0.2 mm.,

Question 17

Psychrophiles favor the cold, since their membranes are more fluid at low temperature as a result of the high proportion of ________ present.

Accepted Answer

A)  saturated fatty acids 
B)  unsaturated fatty acids 
C)  lipopolysaccharides 
D)  transport proteins 
E)  water 
A)  saturated fatty acids 
B)  unsaturated fatty acids 
C)  lipopolysaccharides 
D)  transport proteins 
E)  water

Question 18

A bacterium that thrives in your stomach is probably a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  thermophile. 
B)  neutrophile. 
C)  alkaliphile. 
D)  acidophile. 
E)  psychrophile. 
A)  thermophile. 
B)  neutrophile. 
C)  alkaliphile. 
D)  acidophile. 
E)  psychrophile.

Question 19

Why is oxygen so dangerous for cells and how do cells deal with these problems?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen's breakdown products are dangerou

Question 20

Most bacteria require water activity to be greater than

Accepted Answer

A)  0.10. 
B)  0.25. 
C)  0.74. 
D)  0.91. 
E)  1.0. 
A)  0.10. 
B)  0.25. 
C)  0.74. 
D)  0.91. 
E)  1.0.

Exam 5: Environmental Influences and Control of Microbial Growth

Which of the following is NOT true about thermophiles?

Cyanobacterial blooms such as those shown in the figure below are typically due to human-caused

Organisms adapted to grow at overwhelmingly high pressures are called

Which of the following are prominent members of microbial communities beneath icebergs in the Arctic and Antarctic?

An organism that requires atmospheric oxygen levels for growth is

Why are many barophiles also psychrophiles, and how are the adaptations for barophiles and psychrophiles similar?

Which temperature is lethal to any mesophile?

Describe one method that enables researchers to study extremophilic organisms that we cannot culture in the laboratory.

The proteins and cell components of halophiles have remarkably high intracellular levels of ________, which helps to maintain their cell structure.

The conditions used in an autoclave may be reproduced at home in

Special channels for helping water move across the membrane quickly are called

An organism that grows in the circled region of the tube of medium containing thioglycolate shown below is probably a(n)

Why is moist heat more efficient at killing microbes than dry heat? How does an autoclave kill microbes so efficiently?

A ________ medium is one of higher osmolarity than the cell.

What is depicted in the following figure?

Filtration of samples to remove microbial cells typically use micropore filters with pore sizes of

Psychrophiles favor the cold, since their membranes are more fluid at low temperature as a result of the high proportion of ________ present.

A bacterium that thrives in your stomach is probably a(n)

Why is oxygen so dangerous for cells and how do cells deal with these problems?

Most bacteria require water activity to be greater than

Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery

Observing the Microbial Cell

Cell Structure and Function

Bacterial Culture, Growth, and Development

Viruses

Genomes and Chromosomes

Transcription, Translation, and Bioinformatics

Gene Transfer, Mutations, and Genome Evolution

Molecular Regulation

Viral Molecular Biology

Biotechniques and Synthetic Biology

Energetics and Catabolism

Electron Flow in Organotrophy, Lithotrophy, and Phototrophy

Biosynthesis

Food and Industrial Microbiology

Origins and Evolution

Bacterial Diversity

Archaeal Diversity

Eukaryotic Diversity

Microbial Ecology

Microbes in Global Elemental Cycles

Human Microbiota and Innate Immunity

The Adaptive Immune Response

Microbial Pathogenesis

Microbial Diseases

Antimicrobial Therapy

Clinical Microbiology and Epidemiology

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