Question 1

The outbreak of measles within the last few years is due to

Accepted Answer

A)  mutation of the measles virus. 
B)  change in the environment. 
C)  a decline in vaccination of children in the previous years. 
D)  increase in sensitivity of detection techniques. 
E)  emergence of novel measles viruses. 
A)  mutation of the measles virus. 
B)  change in the environment. 
C)  a decline in vaccination of children in the previous years. 
D)  increase in sensitivity of detection techniques. 
E)  emergence of novel measles viruses.

Question 2

Viruses are in the domain(s)

Accepted Answer

A)  viridae. 
B)  eukarya. 
C)  archaea AND bacteria. 
D)  bacteria AND viridae. 
E)  None of the answer choices is correct. 
A)  viridae. 
B)  eukarya. 
C)  archaea AND bacteria. 
D)  bacteria AND viridae. 
E)  None of the answer choices is correct.

Question 3

The system by which organisms are named is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  systematics. 
B)  naming. 
C)  nomenclature. 
D)  cladistics. 
E)  bioinformatics. 
A)  systematics. 
B)  naming. 
C)  nomenclature. 
D)  cladistics. 
E)  bioinformatics.

Question 4

Lyme disease is an example of a disease that is due to

Accepted Answer

A)  increased interaction between humans and tick-carrying animals. 
B)  failure to effectively vaccinate children. 
C)  a mutation in the human genome. 
D)  climate change leading to a significantly greater mosquito population. 
E)  an increase in the number of people travelling to Asia and Africa. 
A)  increased interaction between humans and tick-carrying animals. 
B)  failure to effectively vaccinate children. 
C)  a mutation in the human genome. 
D)  climate change leading to a significantly greater mosquito population. 
E)  an increase in the number of people travelling to Asia and Africa.

Question 5

Viruses simultaneously contain DNA, RNA, and protein.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

A scientist has two samples-the first is a prion sample, while the second is a viroid sample. However, the samples are in unlabeled tubes. The scientist wants to run a simple analysis to determine which tube contains the prion sample and which one contains the viroid. What type of molecule would she look for to do this?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lipids 
B)  DNA 
C)  Protein 
D)  Polysaccharides 
E)  Peptidoglycan 
A)  Lipids 
B)  DNA 
C)  Protein 
D)  Polysaccharides 
E)  Peptidoglycan

Question 7

What conclusion can the scientist in this scenario make from her results?

Accepted Answer

A)  The test bacteria take more than 48 hours to grow in the laboratory when incubated at 37ᵒC. 
B)  All contaminated water contains high levels of lead and other heavy metals. 
C)  The amounts of lead used in the experiment killed the bacteria being tested. 
D)  All experiments should be repeated three times or more. 
E)  Lead-contaminated water does not contain any bacteria at all. 
A)  The test bacteria take more than 48 hours to grow in the laboratory when incubated at 37ᵒC. 
B)  All contaminated water contains high levels of lead and other heavy metals. 
C)  The amounts of lead used in the experiment killed the bacteria being tested. 
D)  All experiments should be repeated three times or more. 
E)  Lead-contaminated water does not contain any bacteria at all.

Question 8

Identify the control step in the scenario described.

Accepted Answer

A)  Inoculating the test microbe into nutrient medium containing lead. 
B)  Isolating the microbe from a contaminated water source. 
C)  Inoculating the test microbe into nutrient medium lacking lead. 
D)  Inoculating the test microbe into medium containing lower levels of lead than used initially. 
E)  Inoculating the test microbe into contaminated water containing high levels of lead. 
A)  Inoculating the test microbe into nutrient medium containing lead. 
B)  Isolating the microbe from a contaminated water source. 
C)  Inoculating the test microbe into nutrient medium lacking lead. 
D)  Inoculating the test microbe into medium containing lower levels of lead than used initially. 
E)  Inoculating the test microbe into contaminated water containing high levels of lead.

Question 9

An illness outbreak occurs in New York City birds in the late 1990s. After a lengthy scientific investigation, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) determine that the agent causing the birds to die is the West Nile virus. Outbreaks of this illness have been observed in several other countries in Asia and the Middle East across the last 50 years, but not in the United States. With this information, what would be the best categorization of this infectious agent/disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  This is a reemerging infection. It is been around for a long time, and it is reappearing in a susceptible population again. 
B)  This is a nosocomial (hospital-acquired) infection. It is transmitted from animals to human beings in urban environments. 
C)  This is an emerging infection. It hasn't been around that long, and it has made a jump across continents into a new susceptible population. 
D)  This is an unimportant infection that not a concern to human beings because it occurs in birds, so there is no need to classify it. 
E)  This is a chronic infection. It has been around for many years, and it has made a jump across continents into a new susceptible population. 
A)  This is a reemerging infection. It is been around for a long time, and it is reappearing in a susceptible population again. 
B)  This is a nosocomial (hospital-acquired) infection. It is transmitted from animals to human beings in urban environments. 
C)  This is an emerging infection. It hasn't been around that long, and it has made a jump across continents into a new susceptible population. 
D)  This is an unimportant infection that not a concern to human beings because it occurs in birds, so there is no need to classify it. 
E)  This is a chronic infection. It has been around for many years, and it has made a jump across continents into a new susceptible population.

Question 10

If Pasteur had done his experiments investigating spontaneous generation in a horse stable,

Accepted Answer

A)  the results would probably have supported the idea of spontaneous generation. 
B)  the results would probably not have supported the idea of spontaneous generation. 
C)  the results would probably been the same as those obtained in a laboratory. 
D)  the results would probably have supported the idea of spontaneous biogenesis. 
E)  it would probably have taken several years to obtain any results. 
A)  the results would probably have supported the idea of spontaneous generation. 
B)  the results would probably not have supported the idea of spontaneous generation. 
C)  the results would probably been the same as those obtained in a laboratory. 
D)  the results would probably have supported the idea of spontaneous biogenesis. 
E)  it would probably have taken several years to obtain any results.

Question 11

HIV/AIDS can be categorized as a new or emerging infectious disease. By putting it into this category, we are effectively saying that

Accepted Answer

A)  this infection hasn't been observed in the human population prior to recent (within the last 50 years) outbreaks. 
B)  this disease has been in susceptible populations for centuries, but has only recently achieved infection levels that became detectable. 
C)  the infectious agent is still evolving and changing, unlike with older, more established diseases such as plague or polio. 
D)  the disease has always been in susceptible populations and causing disease, but we lacked the technology to detect it. 
E)  this infection hasn't been observed in the human population prior to recent (within the last 5 years) outbreaks. 
A)  this infection hasn't been observed in the human population prior to recent (within the last 50 years) outbreaks. 
B)  this disease has been in susceptible populations for centuries, but has only recently achieved infection levels that became detectable. 
C)  the infectious agent is still evolving and changing, unlike with older, more established diseases such as plague or polio. 
D)  the disease has always been in susceptible populations and causing disease, but we lacked the technology to detect it. 
E)  this infection hasn't been observed in the human population prior to recent (within the last 5 years) outbreaks.

Question 12

A microbiologist obtained two pure isolated biological samples: one of a virus, and one of a viroid. The labels came off during a move from one lab to the next, however. The scientist felt she could distinguish between the two samples by analyzing for the presence of a single type of molecule. What type of molecule would she be looking for to differentiate between the two?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA 
B)  Protein 
C)  Lipids 
D)  RNA 
E)  Carbohydrate 
A)  DNA 
B)  Protein 
C)  Lipids 
D)  RNA 
E)  Carbohydrate

Question 13

The word "animalcule" was first used by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Pasteur 
B)  Redi 
C)  van Leeuwenhoek 
D)  Tyndall 
E)  Hooke 
A)  Pasteur 
B)  Redi 
C)  van Leeuwenhoek 
D)  Tyndall 
E)  Hooke

Question 14

A scientist isolates a microbe from a contaminated water source. She thinks that the organism might be a new bacteria that is capable of surviving in the presence of lead, a heavy metal. She makes tubes of growth medium containing either no lead, 0.1 mg lead, 0.25 mg lead, 0.5 mg of lead or 1 mg of lead. She inoculates each tube with the 10 × 103 cells of the new organism and then incubates the inoculated medium at 37oC. After 48 hours, she examines the tubes of medium and finds that there is no growth in any of them. However, she finds that the bacteria grew fine in medium that did not contain any lead. She decides to repeat the experiment using lower concentrations of lead than those she used initially.
-Select which of the following is the hypothesis being tested by the scientist.

Accepted Answer

A)  The newly isolated microbe can grow in the presence of lead. 
B)  The newly isolated microbe is a bacteria. 
C)  Lead can be placed into tubes of growth medium. 
D)  Bacteria must be incubated for 72 hours before they grow. 
E)  Lead is a good nutrient for all bacterial growth. 
A)  The newly isolated microbe can grow in the presence of lead. 
B)  The newly isolated microbe is a bacteria. 
C)  Lead can be placed into tubes of growth medium. 
D)  Bacteria must be incubated for 72 hours before they grow. 
E)  Lead is a good nutrient for all bacterial growth.

Question 15

The structures present in the hay infusions used in experiments on spontaneous generation that made them difficult to sterilize are

Accepted Answer

A)  chloroplasts. 
B)  endospores. 
C)  organelles. 
D)  toxins. 
E)  nuclei. 
A)  chloroplasts. 
B)  endospores. 
C)  organelles. 
D)  toxins. 
E)  nuclei.

Question 16

Select the True statement regarding viruses.

Accepted Answer

A)  Most viruses are smaller than bacteria but bigger than mitochondria. 
B)  Viruses may be unicellular or multicellular. 
C)  Viruses have completely random shapes. 
D)  Viruses always cause death of the host cells they infect. 
E)  Virus are considered living because they contain nucleic acid. 
A)  Most viruses are smaller than bacteria but bigger than mitochondria. 
B)  Viruses may be unicellular or multicellular. 
C)  Viruses have completely random shapes. 
D)  Viruses always cause death of the host cells they infect. 
E)  Virus are considered living because they contain nucleic acid.

Question 17

The prokaryotic domain includes

Accepted Answer

A)  bacteria. 
B)  archaea. 
C)  eukarya. 
D)  bacteria, archaea, AND fungi. 
E)  bacteria AND archaea. 
A)  bacteria. 
B)  archaea. 
C)  eukarya. 
D)  bacteria, archaea, AND fungi. 
E)  bacteria AND archaea.

Question 18

Smallpox

Accepted Answer

A)  has occurred in a few countries since 1977. 
B)  has little potential as a weapon of bioterrorism. 
C)  has not occurred anywhere in the word since 1977. 
D)  very seldom kills people, but does scar them. 
E)  is an emerging infectious disease. 
A)  has occurred in a few countries since 1977. 
B)  has little potential as a weapon of bioterrorism. 
C)  has not occurred anywhere in the word since 1977. 
D)  very seldom kills people, but does scar them. 
E)  is an emerging infectious disease.

Question 19

Viruses and bacteria are both based on the unit of a cell.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

All living organisms

Accepted Answer

A)  may be classified in four domains. 
B)  may be classified in three domains. 
C)  probably do not have a common ancestor. 
D)  have never shared genes between domains. 
E)  are capable of causing disease. 
A)  may be classified in four domains. 
B)  may be classified in three domains. 
C)  probably do not have a common ancestor. 
D)  have never shared genes between domains. 
E)  are capable of causing disease.

Exam 1: Humans and the Microbial World

The outbreak of measles within the last few years is due to

Viruses are in the domain(s)

The system by which organisms are named is referred to as

Lyme disease is an example of a disease that is due to

Viruses simultaneously contain DNA, RNA, and protein.

What conclusion can the scientist in this scenario make from her results?

Identify the control step in the scenario described.

If Pasteur had done his experiments investigating spontaneous generation in a horse stable,

HIV/AIDS can be categorized as a new or emerging infectious disease. By putting it into this category, we are effectively saying that

The word "animalcule" was first used by ________.

The structures present in the hay infusions used in experiments on spontaneous generation that made them difficult to sterilize are

Select the True statement regarding viruses.

The prokaryotic domain includes

Smallpox

Viruses and bacteria are both based on the unit of a cell.

All living organisms

The Molecules of Life

Microscopy and Cell Structure

Dynamics of Microbial Growth

Control of Microbial Growth

Microbial Metabolism: Fueling Cell Growth

The Blueprint of Life, from DNA to Protein

Bacterial Genetics

Biotechnology

Identifying and Classifying Microorganisms

The Diversity of Bacteria and Archaea

The Eukaryotic Members of the Microbial World

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

The Innate Immune Response

The Adaptive Immune Response

Host-Microbe Interactions

Immunological Disorders

Applications of Immune Responses

Epidemiology

Antimicrobial Medications

Respiratory System Infections

Skin Infections

Wound Infections

Digestive System Infections

Blood and Lymphatic Infections

Nervous System Infections

Genitourinary Tract Infections

Microbial Ecology

Environmental Microbiology: Treatment of Water, Wastes, and Polluted Habitats

Food Microbiology

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