Question 1

Characteristic inclusion bodies formed in cells of organisms infected with rabies are called

Accepted Answer

A)  Negri bodies. 
B)  metachromatic bodies. 
C)  polyphasic bodies. 
D)  Koplik spots. 
E)  rhabdobodies. 
A)  Negri bodies. 
B)  metachromatic bodies. 
C)  polyphasic bodies. 
D)  Koplik spots. 
E)  rhabdobodies. A

Question 2

Painful spasms of the throat triggered by swallowing or the sight of water is called

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrophobia. 
B)  hydrophagia. 
C)  tetany. 
D)  paralysis. 
E)  aquaphobia. 
A)  hydrophobia. 
B)  hydrophagia. 
C)  tetany. 
D)  paralysis. 
E)  aquaphobia. A

Question 3

Which is True of listeriosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a foodborne disease. 
B)  It may result in meningitis. 
C)  It is usually asymptomatic in healthy people. 
D)  It is caused by an organism that can grow at refrigerator temperatures. 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  It is a foodborne disease. 
B)  It may result in meningitis. 
C)  It is usually asymptomatic in healthy people. 
D)  It is caused by an organism that can grow at refrigerator temperatures. 
E)  All of the choices are correct. E

Question 4

The poliomyelitis virus appears to selectively destroy

Accepted Answer

A)  sensory nerve cells. 
B)  mixed nerve cells. 
C)  autonomic nerve cells. 
D)  motor nerve cells. 
E)  muscle cells. 
A)  sensory nerve cells. 
B)  mixed nerve cells. 
C)  autonomic nerve cells. 
D)  motor nerve cells. 
E)  muscle cells.

Question 5

The symptom at the site of an animal bite that suggests rabies as a possible diagnosis is

Accepted Answer

A)  failing to heal. 
B)  blue-green pus. 
C)  tingling or twitching. 
D)  inflammation with high fever. 
E)  blisters. 
A)  failing to heal. 
B)  blue-green pus. 
C)  tingling or twitching. 
D)  inflammation with high fever. 
E)  blisters.

Question 6

Meningococcal meningitis is typically acquired through the

Accepted Answer

A)  respiratory tract. 
B)  genitourinary tract. 
C)  gastrointestinal tract. 
D)  skin. 
E)  any of these. 
A)  respiratory tract. 
B)  genitourinary tract. 
C)  gastrointestinal tract. 
D)  skin. 
E)  any of these.

Question 7

Leprosy is

Accepted Answer

A)  an infectious disease caused by a virus. 
B)  a disease of the blood. 
C)  also known as Hansen's disease. 
D)  always fatal. 
E)  acquired by droplet transmission. 
A)  an infectious disease caused by a virus. 
B)  a disease of the blood. 
C)  also known as Hansen's disease. 
D)  always fatal. 
E)  acquired by droplet transmission.

Question 8

Presenters on the morning news channel that you watch alert consumers to a food recall. A particular brand of ice cream has tested positive for Listeria monocytogenes, an organism that causes asymptomatic or relatively mild disease in otherwise healthy individuals, but can be problematic in pregnant women. Your sister is expecting her first child, so you call her immediately and tell her about the recall. You fill her in on what you know about this organism and the disease it causes, having just learned about it yourself in your pre-nursing microbiology class. Your sister has questions that you are able to answer.
-Why is listeriosis so important in pregnant women even though it usually causes them few symptoms?

Accepted Answer

A)  Listeriosis suppresses the woman's immune system; she fails to make IgG that would protect her fetus. 
B)  Listeriosis causes significant signs and symptoms in pregnant women and may prove fatal because they cannot take medication while pregnant. 
C)  Bacteremia commonly occurs, resulting in infection of the fetus; miscarriage, stillbirth, or infection of the newborn can result. 
D)  Infants born with listeriosis are sensitized against the foods in which the causative agent is found, such as soft cheeses. They can never eat these foods. 
E)  Listeriosis in a pregnant woman usually leads to untreatable meningitis. Neither she nor her fetus is able to survive the infection. 
A)  Listeriosis suppresses the woman's immune system; she fails to make IgG that would protect her fetus. 
B)  Listeriosis causes significant signs and symptoms in pregnant women and may prove fatal because they cannot take medication while pregnant. 
C)  Bacteremia commonly occurs, resulting in infection of the fetus; miscarriage, stillbirth, or infection of the newborn can result. 
D)  Infants born with listeriosis are sensitized against the foods in which the causative agent is found, such as soft cheeses. They can never eat these foods. 
E)  Listeriosis in a pregnant woman usually leads to untreatable meningitis. Neither she nor her fetus is able to survive the infection.

Question 9

You are reviewing for your nursing school entry exam with your study group. Each person in the group agrees to cover one disease. You select toxoplasmosis for your presentation. Toxoplasmosis can be a serious problem for those who are immunosuppressed, as well as for fetuses. Even in healthy people, the immune system may not clear the organism, resulting in a latent infection that can reactivate when immunity declines.
-Please select the False statement regarding toxoplasmosis.

Accepted Answer

A)  People contract toxoplasmosis by ingesting oocytes discharged in the feces of acutely infected cats or inadequately cooked meat containing tissue cysts. 
B)  Toxoplasmosis is usually asymptomatic among healthy people, although some people develop sore throat, fever, and enlarged lymph nodes and spleen. 
C)  Toxoplasmosis occurs in two main forms-tuberculoid and lepromatous-depending on the immune status of the individual. 
D)  Infection of the fetus, especially during the first trimester, results in miscarriage, stillbirth, or birth defects. 
E)  Toxoplasmosis may cause encephalitis, brain masses, and other nervous system problems in immunodeficient people. 
A)  People contract toxoplasmosis by ingesting oocytes discharged in the feces of acutely infected cats or inadequately cooked meat containing tissue cysts. 
B)  Toxoplasmosis is usually asymptomatic among healthy people, although some people develop sore throat, fever, and enlarged lymph nodes and spleen. 
C)  Toxoplasmosis occurs in two main forms-tuberculoid and lepromatous-depending on the immune status of the individual. 
D)  Infection of the fetus, especially during the first trimester, results in miscarriage, stillbirth, or birth defects. 
E)  Toxoplasmosis may cause encephalitis, brain masses, and other nervous system problems in immunodeficient people.

Question 10

Why is it possible to prevent rabies with vaccine given after exposure to the virus?

Accepted Answer

A)  The virus replicates extremely slowly. It is possible to prevent the disease by vaccinating while the viral load is very low. 
B)  It takes some time for the virus to invade the peripheral neurons and travel to the CNS. Vaccination before this occurs will prevent the disease. 
C)  It takes some time for the virus to invade the CNS and travel to the peripheral nerves. Vaccination before this occurs will prevent the disease. 
D)  Rabies vaccine contains anti-rabies antibodies. These bind to the rabies and virus and destroy it before it is able to cause any neuronal damage. 
E)  People receive a rabies vaccine in their childhood. Giving a vaccine after exposure to the virus quickly boosts their memory cell populations, protecting them. 
A)  The virus replicates extremely slowly. It is possible to prevent the disease by vaccinating while the viral load is very low. 
B)  It takes some time for the virus to invade the peripheral neurons and travel to the CNS. Vaccination before this occurs will prevent the disease. 
C)  It takes some time for the virus to invade the CNS and travel to the peripheral nerves. Vaccination before this occurs will prevent the disease. 
D)  Rabies vaccine contains anti-rabies antibodies. These bind to the rabies and virus and destroy it before it is able to cause any neuronal damage. 
E)  People receive a rabies vaccine in their childhood. Giving a vaccine after exposure to the virus quickly boosts their memory cell populations, protecting them.

Question 11

The principal mode of transmission of rabies virus is through

Accepted Answer

A)  blood. 
B)  fomites. 
C)  saliva. 
D)  pus. 
E)  insect bites. 
A)  blood. 
B)  fomites. 
C)  saliva. 
D)  pus. 
E)  insect bites.

Question 12

Intestinal botulism, especially in infants, has been linked to ingestion of

Accepted Answer

A)  seafood. 
B)  honey. 
C)  milk. 
D)  applesauce. 
E)  syrup. 
A)  seafood. 
B)  honey. 
C)  milk. 
D)  applesauce. 
E)  syrup.

Question 13

You are reviewing for your nursing school entry exam with your study group. Each person in the group agrees to cover one disease. You select toxoplasmosis for your presentation. Toxoplasmosis can be a serious problem for those who are immunosuppressed, as well as for fetuses. Even in healthy people, the immune system may not clear the organism, resulting in a latent infection that can reactivate when immunity declines.
-Why is toxoplasmosis is not treated in otherwise healthy people?

Accepted Answer

A)  Healthy people do not get toxoplasmosis. 
B)  There are no medications available for treatment. 
C)  T. gondii is extremely resistant to medications. 
D)  The disease is brought under control by their immune system. 
E)  The available medications are very toxic to most people. 
A)  Healthy people do not get toxoplasmosis. 
B)  There are no medications available for treatment. 
C)  T. gondii is extremely resistant to medications. 
D)  The disease is brought under control by their immune system. 
E)  The available medications are very toxic to most people.

Question 14

The early symptoms of rabies generally begin

Accepted Answer

A)  1 day after viral entry. 
B)  1-2 months after viral entry. 
C)  6 months after viral entry. 
D)  1 year after viral entry. 
E)  immediately after viral entry. 
A)  1 day after viral entry. 
B)  1-2 months after viral entry. 
C)  6 months after viral entry. 
D)  1 year after viral entry. 
E)  immediately after viral entry.

Question 15

Why do Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae seldom cause meningitis in newborns?

Accepted Answer

A)  Infants seldom come into contact with these pathogens. 
B)  These pathogens are unable to colonize infants. 
C)  Infants are protected by maternal IgM against these pathogens. 
D)  Infants are protected by maternal IgG against these pathogens. 
E)  Infants are vaccinated against these pathogens. 
A)  Infants seldom come into contact with these pathogens. 
B)  These pathogens are unable to colonize infants. 
C)  Infants are protected by maternal IgM against these pathogens. 
D)  Infants are protected by maternal IgG against these pathogens. 
E)  Infants are vaccinated against these pathogens.

Question 16

What sign would differentiate meningococcal meningitis from pneumococcal meningitis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Petechiae are seen in meningococcal meningitis but not in pneumococcal meningitis. 
B)  Petechiae are seen in pneumococcal meningitis but not in meningococcal meningitis. 
C)  Headache and neck stiffness are experienced with meningococcal meningitis but not with pneumococcal meningitis. 
D)  Headache and neck stiffness are experienced with pneumococcal meningitis but not with meningococcal meningitis. 
E)  It is impossible to differentiate between pneumococcal meningitis and meningococcal meningitis. 
A)  Petechiae are seen in meningococcal meningitis but not in pneumococcal meningitis. 
B)  Petechiae are seen in pneumococcal meningitis but not in meningococcal meningitis. 
C)  Headache and neck stiffness are experienced with meningococcal meningitis but not with pneumococcal meningitis. 
D)  Headache and neck stiffness are experienced with pneumococcal meningitis but not with meningococcal meningitis. 
E)  It is impossible to differentiate between pneumococcal meningitis and meningococcal meningitis.

Question 17

Identify the meninges from closest to the brain to furthest away:
1) dura mater
2) pia mater
3) arachnoid mater

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 2, 3 
B)  3, 2, 1 
C)  2, 3, 1 
D)  3, 1, 2, 3 
E)  1, 3, 3, 1 
A)  1, 2, 3 
B)  3, 2, 1 
C)  2, 3, 1 
D)  3, 1, 2, 3 
E)  1, 3, 3, 1

Question 18

Why can an infection in the brain's ventricles usually be detected in spinal fluid obtained from the lower back (lumbar region)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) originates in the ventricles, but percolates over and around the brain and spinal cord. 
B)  There is a high degree of vascularity that exists, allowing easy transfer of bacteria in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the blood. 
C)  There is a set of lymph nodes specifically in place to drain the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the ventricles. They are found in the lumbar region of the spinal column. 
D)  This is an incorrect statement. Since the central nervous system (CNS) is a protected site due to the blood-brain barrier, there can never BE an infection in the ventricles. 
E)  When ventricles are infected, the brain reacts by pumping the causative pathogens into the CFS so that they can be removed by the immune system. 
A)  Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) originates in the ventricles, but percolates over and around the brain and spinal cord. 
B)  There is a high degree of vascularity that exists, allowing easy transfer of bacteria in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the blood. 
C)  There is a set of lymph nodes specifically in place to drain the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the ventricles. They are found in the lumbar region of the spinal column. 
D)  This is an incorrect statement. Since the central nervous system (CNS) is a protected site due to the blood-brain barrier, there can never BE an infection in the ventricles. 
E)  When ventricles are infected, the brain reacts by pumping the causative pathogens into the CFS so that they can be removed by the immune system.

Question 19

The primary source of central nervous system (CNS) infections is through the

Accepted Answer

A)  bloodstream. 
B)  genitourinary system. 
C)  skin. 
D)  nerves. 
E)  gastrointestinal tract. 
A)  bloodstream. 
B)  genitourinary system. 
C)  skin. 
D)  nerves. 
E)  gastrointestinal tract.

Question 20

Epidemics of meningitis appear to involve

Accepted Answer

A)  Streptococcus pneumoniae. 
B)  Haemophilus influenzae. 
C)  Neisseria meningitidis. 
D)  Streptococcus pyogenes. 
E)  Staphylococcus aureus. 
A)  Streptococcus pneumoniae. 
B)  Haemophilus influenzae. 
C)  Neisseria meningitidis. 
D)  Streptococcus pyogenes. 
E)  Staphylococcus aureus.

Exam 26: Nervous System Infections

Characteristic inclusion bodies formed in cells of organisms infected with rabies are called

Painful spasms of the throat triggered by swallowing or the sight of water is called

Which is True of listeriosis?

The poliomyelitis virus appears to selectively destroy

The symptom at the site of an animal bite that suggests rabies as a possible diagnosis is

Meningococcal meningitis is typically acquired through the

Leprosy is

Why is it possible to prevent rabies with vaccine given after exposure to the virus?

The principal mode of transmission of rabies virus is through

Intestinal botulism, especially in infants, has been linked to ingestion of

The early symptoms of rabies generally begin

Why do Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae seldom cause meningitis in newborns?

What sign would differentiate meningococcal meningitis from pneumococcal meningitis?

Identify the meninges from closest to the brain to furthest away: 1) dura mater 2) pia mater 3) arachnoid mater

Why can an infection in the brain's ventricles usually be detected in spinal fluid obtained from the lower back (lumbar region)?

The primary source of central nervous system (CNS) infections is through the

Epidemics of meningitis appear to involve

Humans and the Microbial World

The Molecules of Life

Microscopy and Cell Structure

Dynamics of Microbial Growth

Control of Microbial Growth

Microbial Metabolism: Fueling Cell Growth

The Blueprint of Life, from DNA to Protein

Bacterial Genetics

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Identifying and Classifying Microorganisms

The Diversity of Bacteria and Archaea

The Eukaryotic Members of the Microbial World

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

The Innate Immune Response

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Host-Microbe Interactions

Immunological Disorders

Applications of Immune Responses

Epidemiology

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Respiratory System Infections

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Blood and Lymphatic Infections

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Environmental Microbiology: Treatment of Water, Wastes, and Polluted Habitats

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