Question 1

Which is NOT True of mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

A)  They contain DNA and 70S ribosomes. 
B)  They are found in all organisms. 
C)  They are capable of performing protein synthesis. 
D)  They generate ATP. 
E)  They are membrane-bound organelles. 
A)  They contain DNA and 70S ribosomes. 
B)  They are found in all organisms. 
C)  They are capable of performing protein synthesis. 
D)  They generate ATP. 
E)  They are membrane-bound organelles.

Question 2

Peptidoglycan

Accepted Answer

A)  may be digested by penicillin. 
B)  consists of a long string of NAG coupled to a long string of NAM. 
C)  may be digested by lysozyme. 
D)  is found in bacteria, archaea, and plants. 
E)  is only found in Gram-positive cells. 
A)  may be digested by penicillin. 
B)  consists of a long string of NAG coupled to a long string of NAM. 
C)  may be digested by lysozyme. 
D)  is found in bacteria, archaea, and plants. 
E)  is only found in Gram-positive cells.

Question 3

Which of the statements about immunofluorescence is NOT True?

Accepted Answer

A)  Uses fluorescently tagged molecules. 
B)  Makes use of the specificity in binding of antibodies. 
C)  Uses the dye methylene blue. 
D)  Would require a special UV microscope. 
E)  These statements are all True. 
A)  Uses fluorescently tagged molecules. 
B)  Makes use of the specificity in binding of antibodies. 
C)  Uses the dye methylene blue. 
D)  Would require a special UV microscope. 
E)  These statements are all True.

Question 4

The proteins of bacteria that are involved in the movement of small molecules into the cell are called

Accepted Answer

A)  transport proteins, carriers, AND peptidases. 
B)  transport proteins, permeases, AND carriers. 
C)  permeases, carriers, AND peptidases. 
D)  carriers, peptidases, AND porases. 
E)  peptidases, porases, AND permeases. 
A)  transport proteins, carriers, AND peptidases. 
B)  transport proteins, permeases, AND carriers. 
C)  permeases, carriers, AND peptidases. 
D)  carriers, peptidases, AND porases. 
E)  peptidases, porases, AND permeases.

Question 5

Which of the following stains are considered differential?

Accepted Answer

A)  Capsule stain AND Gram stain. 
B)  Flagella stain AND acid-fast stain. 
C)  Acid-fast stain AND Gram stain. 
D)  Acid-fast stain AND capsule stain. 
E)  Gram stain AND flagella stain. 
A)  Capsule stain AND Gram stain. 
B)  Flagella stain AND acid-fast stain. 
C)  Acid-fast stain AND Gram stain. 
D)  Acid-fast stain AND capsule stain. 
E)  Gram stain AND flagella stain.

Question 6

Your patient asks you whether there were also viruses on the slide. You tell her

Accepted Answer

A)  yes, but they are of no concern because they are part of her normal microbiota. 
B)  maybe, but there were too few to observe among the bacteria. 
C)  maybe, but viruses cannot be observed without an electron microscope. 
D)  unlikely, because viruses seldom cause sore throats in people. 
E)  no, because viruses would be destroyed by the decolorizing step of the Gram stain. 
A)  yes, but they are of no concern because they are part of her normal microbiota. 
B)  maybe, but there were too few to observe among the bacteria. 
C)  maybe, but viruses cannot be observed without an electron microscope. 
D)  unlikely, because viruses seldom cause sore throats in people. 
E)  no, because viruses would be destroyed by the decolorizing step of the Gram stain.

Question 7

The major criteria used in placing bacteria into different groups is based on differences in

Accepted Answer

A)  cell wall structure. 
B)  cell membrane permeability. 
C)  presence or absence of flagella. 
D)  detergent susceptibility. 
E)  presence or absence of cytoplasmic membrane. 
A)  cell wall structure. 
B)  cell membrane permeability. 
C)  presence or absence of flagella. 
D)  detergent susceptibility. 
E)  presence or absence of cytoplasmic membrane.

Question 8

Which is True of simple diffusion of water?

Accepted Answer

A)  Water usually enters a cell and produces a high osmotic pressure. 
B)  Water usually leaves the cell and produces negative osmotic pressure. 
C)  Water tends to enter and leave the cell equally, resulting in no pressure in the cell. 
D)  Water diffusion ultimately relies on the selectively permeable nature of the cell wall. 
E)  Water usually enters a cell and produces a very low osmotic pressure. 
A)  Water usually enters a cell and produces a high osmotic pressure. 
B)  Water usually leaves the cell and produces negative osmotic pressure. 
C)  Water tends to enter and leave the cell equally, resulting in no pressure in the cell. 
D)  Water diffusion ultimately relies on the selectively permeable nature of the cell wall. 
E)  Water usually enters a cell and produces a very low osmotic pressure.

Question 9

In viewing a microscopic specimen, oil is used to

Accepted Answer

A)  increase the refraction AND increase the reflection. 
B)  decrease the refraction AND increase the reflection. 
C)  decrease the refraction AND increase the resolution. 
D)  increase the reflection AND increase the resolution. 
E)  increase the resolution AND increase the refraction. 
A)  increase the refraction AND increase the reflection. 
B)  decrease the refraction AND increase the reflection. 
C)  decrease the refraction AND increase the resolution. 
D)  increase the reflection AND increase the resolution. 
E)  increase the resolution AND increase the refraction.

Question 10

You perform a rapid strep test on the patient, which comes up positive. You tell her that she most likely has strep throat, caused by Streptococcus pyogenes. You prescribe penicillin for her, and tell her that this antibiotic is effective because it interferes with the synthesis of ________ by the pathogen.

Accepted Answer

A)  peptidoglycan 
B)  capsule material 
C)  ribosomes 
D)  proteins 
E)  ATP 
A)  peptidoglycan 
B)  capsule material 
C)  ribosomes 
D)  proteins 
E)  ATP

Question 11

Your roommate at college complains of a sore throat, fatigue, fever, cough, and chest pain. She thinks she has a cold, although she has not had a runny nose or any sneezing, and she has been feeling bad for more than a week. You persuade her to go to the urgent care, which she does. She comes home with a prescription for penicillin, telling you that she was told that she likely has pneumonia, caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. She takes the penicillin according to instruction but doesn't feel any better, so she goes back to the urgent care facility. This time, the physician's assistant on shift takes a sputum sample and sends it for analysis. He also prescribes tetracycline for your friend. This antibiotic targets protein synthesis. Your friend takes the medication and recovers fully.
-You are a microbiology student. You tell your roommate that Streptococcus pneumoniae

Accepted Answer

A)  is a bacterium that appears as round cells when viewed with a microscope. 
B)  is a virus that appears as round cells when viewed with a microscope. 
C)  is a bacterium that appears as rod-shaped cells when viewed with a microscope. 
D)  is a protozoan that appears as round cells when viewed with a microscope. 
E)  is a virus that cannot be viewed except with an electron microscope. 
A)  is a bacterium that appears as round cells when viewed with a microscope. 
B)  is a virus that appears as round cells when viewed with a microscope. 
C)  is a bacterium that appears as rod-shaped cells when viewed with a microscope. 
D)  is a protozoan that appears as round cells when viewed with a microscope. 
E)  is a virus that cannot be viewed except with an electron microscope.

Question 12

Eukaryotic cells are

Accepted Answer

A)  less complex than prokaryotic cells. 
B)  members of the domains Bacteria and Archaea. 
C)  defined by the presence of a membrane bound nucleus. 
D)  able to reproduce more rapidly than prokaryotes. 
E)  defined by the presence of a cell wall. 
A)  less complex than prokaryotic cells. 
B)  members of the domains Bacteria and Archaea. 
C)  defined by the presence of a membrane bound nucleus. 
D)  able to reproduce more rapidly than prokaryotes. 
E)  defined by the presence of a cell wall.

Question 13

The membranes of eukaryotes and mycoplasma

Accepted Answer

A)  contain peptidoglycan. 
B)  contain sterols for strength. 
C)  contain ergosterol. 
D)  are fixed static structures. 
E)  are phospholipid unilayers. 
A)  contain peptidoglycan. 
B)  contain sterols for strength. 
C)  contain ergosterol. 
D)  are fixed static structures. 
E)  are phospholipid unilayers.

Question 14

As she is preparing to leave your office, the patient mentions that her brother had pneumonia a couple of years ago and that penicillin had not helped him. You ask her if she remembers the name of the organism causing her brother's illness and she tells you it was Mycoplasma something or other, that she can't quite remember. You tell her that the reason penicillin did not help her brother is that

Accepted Answer

A)  you know her brother did not take the full course of antibiotics, so some of the Mycoplasma cells survived. 
B)  Mycoplasma species are Gram-negative, and penicillin cannot penetrate the LPS layer of these cells, so the cells survive. 
C)  Mycoplasma species are acid-fast bacteria, so they have mycolic acids in the cell wall that penicillin does not destroy. 
D)  Mycoplasma species do not have a peptidoglycan cell wall and are thus not impacted by penicillin. 
E)  Mycoplasmas are viruses and antibiotics do not work for viral infections. 
A)  you know her brother did not take the full course of antibiotics, so some of the Mycoplasma cells survived. 
B)  Mycoplasma species are Gram-negative, and penicillin cannot penetrate the LPS layer of these cells, so the cells survive. 
C)  Mycoplasma species are acid-fast bacteria, so they have mycolic acids in the cell wall that penicillin does not destroy. 
D)  Mycoplasma species do not have a peptidoglycan cell wall and are thus not impacted by penicillin. 
E)  Mycoplasmas are viruses and antibiotics do not work for viral infections.

Question 15

Movement in bacteria

Accepted Answer

A)  is directly to or away from a stimulus. 
B)  relies on the beating of cilia. 
C)  is often referred to as run and tumble. 
D)  may involve pili. 
E)  is often referred to as run and tumble AND may involve pili. 
A)  is directly to or away from a stimulus. 
B)  relies on the beating of cilia. 
C)  is often referred to as run and tumble. 
D)  may involve pili. 
E)  is often referred to as run and tumble AND may involve pili.

Question 16

The cytoplasmic membrane of both eukaryotes and prokaryotes functions to

Accepted Answer

A)  form rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum. 
B)  produce energy in the form of ATP. 
C)  regulate movement of molecules that enter and leave the cell. 
D)  form lysosomes, peroxisomes, and Golgi apparatus. 
E)  produce peptidoglycan or chitin cell walls. 
A)  form rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum. 
B)  produce energy in the form of ATP. 
C)  regulate movement of molecules that enter and leave the cell. 
D)  form lysosomes, peroxisomes, and Golgi apparatus. 
E)  produce peptidoglycan or chitin cell walls.

Question 17

The lab report also details the results of a negative stain performed on the bacteria in the urine sample, in which the background of the sample is stained, rather than the cells themselves. The report indicates that the cells have a clear halo around them, indicating the presence of a(n) ________. You explain to Petrus that this structure helps bacteria avoid ________, part of the immune response.

Accepted Answer

A)  endospore; phagocytosis 
B)  flagellum; antibodies 
C)  LPS; antibodies 
D)  capsule; pinocytosis 
E)  capsule; phagocytosis 
A)  endospore; phagocytosis 
B)  flagellum; antibodies 
C)  LPS; antibodies 
D)  capsule; pinocytosis 
E)  capsule; phagocytosis

Question 18

Bacillus and Clostridium are medically relevant groups of bacteria that characteristically stain acid-fast.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

LPS is found in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Which of the following is most abundant in bacterial cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glucose 
B)  H₂O 
C)  Peptidoglycan 
D)  Phospholipid 
E)  Glycoprotein 
A)  Glucose 
B)  H₂O 
C)  Peptidoglycan 
D)  Phospholipid 
E)  Glycoprotein

Exam 3: Microscopy and Cell Structure

Which is NOT True of mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Peptidoglycan

Which of the statements about immunofluorescence is NOT True?

The proteins of bacteria that are involved in the movement of small molecules into the cell are called

Which of the following stains are considered differential?

Your patient asks you whether there were also viruses on the slide. You tell her

The major criteria used in placing bacteria into different groups is based on differences in

Which is True of simple diffusion of water?

In viewing a microscopic specimen, oil is used to

Eukaryotic cells are

The membranes of eukaryotes and mycoplasma

Movement in bacteria

The cytoplasmic membrane of both eukaryotes and prokaryotes functions to

Bacillus and Clostridium are medically relevant groups of bacteria that characteristically stain acid-fast.

LPS is found in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.

Which of the following is most abundant in bacterial cells?

Humans and the Microbial World

The Molecules of Life

Dynamics of Microbial Growth

Control of Microbial Growth

Microbial Metabolism: Fueling Cell Growth

The Blueprint of Life, from DNA to Protein

Bacterial Genetics

Biotechnology

Identifying and Classifying Microorganisms

The Diversity of Bacteria and Archaea

The Eukaryotic Members of the Microbial World

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

The Innate Immune Response

The Adaptive Immune Response

Host-Microbe Interactions

Immunological Disorders

Applications of Immune Responses

Epidemiology

Antimicrobial Medications

Respiratory System Infections

Skin Infections

Wound Infections

Digestive System Infections

Blood and Lymphatic Infections

Nervous System Infections

Genitourinary Tract Infections

Microbial Ecology

Environmental Microbiology: Treatment of Water, Wastes, and Polluted Habitats

Food Microbiology

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