Question 1

Phylogenetic relationships between prokaryotes are most accurately determined using

Accepted Answer

A)  phenotypic characterizations. 
B)  genotypic information. 
C)  the fossil record. 
D)  carbon dating. 
E)  phenotypic characterizations AND genotypic information. 
A)  phenotypic characterizations. 
B)  genotypic information. 
C)  the fossil record. 
D)  carbon dating. 
E)  phenotypic characterizations AND genotypic information.

Question 2

A breath test assaying for radioactive carbon dioxide may be used to indicate the presence of

Accepted Answer

A)  E. coli. 
B)  Pseudomonas species. 
C)  Streptococcus pyogenes. 
D)  Helicobacter pylori. 
E)  Bacillus cereus. 
A)  E. coli. 
B)  Pseudomonas species. 
C)  Streptococcus pyogenes. 
D)  Helicobacter pylori. 
E)  Bacillus cereus.

Question 3

Explain the difference between a biotype and a serotype.

Accepted Answer

A)  A biotype is the living type of microorganism identified, while the serotype is an individual's type of blood serum. 
B)  A biotype is the type of biological environment a microbe will grow in, while the serotype is the type of blood serum that the microbe can grow in. 
C)  A biotype is the particular phenotypic traits and characteristic structures of a biological microorganism, while the serotype is the list of molecules the microbe is able to make and secrete into the serum of an infected individual. 
D)  A biotype is the biochemical profile of a particular microorganism, while the serotype is the difference in its surface structures/antigens that will lead to separate immune responses from an organism (characterized by presence of different antibodies in the individual's serum). 
E)  There is no real difference between a biotype and a serotype. These two words mean essentially the same thing and can be used interchangeably. 
A)  A biotype is the living type of microorganism identified, while the serotype is an individual's type of blood serum. 
B)  A biotype is the type of biological environment a microbe will grow in, while the serotype is the type of blood serum that the microbe can grow in. 
C)  A biotype is the particular phenotypic traits and characteristic structures of a biological microorganism, while the serotype is the list of molecules the microbe is able to make and secrete into the serum of an infected individual. 
D)  A biotype is the biochemical profile of a particular microorganism, while the serotype is the difference in its surface structures/antigens that will lead to separate immune responses from an organism (characterized by presence of different antibodies in the individual's serum). 
E)  There is no real difference between a biotype and a serotype. These two words mean essentially the same thing and can be used interchangeably.

Question 4

Please select the False definition regarding microbial identification.

Accepted Answer

A)  A biotype is a group of strains that have a characteristic biochemical pattern different from other strains. 
B)  A serovar is a group of strains that have a characteristic antigenic structure that differs from other strains. 
C)  A species is a group of closely related strains; it is the basic unit of taxonomy. 
D)  RFLPs are patterns of fragment sizes obtained by digesting polypeptides with one or more proteases. 
E)  A signature sequence is a nucleotide sequence in rRNA that characterizes a certain species or a group of related organisms. 
A)  A biotype is a group of strains that have a characteristic biochemical pattern different from other strains. 
B)  A serovar is a group of strains that have a characteristic antigenic structure that differs from other strains. 
C)  A species is a group of closely related strains; it is the basic unit of taxonomy. 
D)  RFLPs are patterns of fragment sizes obtained by digesting polypeptides with one or more proteases. 
E)  A signature sequence is a nucleotide sequence in rRNA that characterizes a certain species or a group of related organisms.

Question 5

A soluble greenish pigment is produced by

Accepted Answer

A)  Serratia marcescens. 
B)  Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 
C)  Escherichia coli. 
D)  all streptococci. 
E)  Streptococcus pneumoniae. 
A)  Serratia marcescens. 
B)  Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 
C)  Escherichia coli. 
D)  all streptococci. 
E)  Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Question 6

The three domain classification scheme uses

Accepted Answer

A)  order, phylum, class. 
B)  Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya. 
C)  Plants, Animals, Bacteria. 
D)  Protista, Prokaryotae, Fungi. 
E)  Bacteria, Archaea, Animalia 
A)  order, phylum, class. 
B)  Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya. 
C)  Plants, Animals, Bacteria. 
D)  Protista, Prokaryotae, Fungi. 
E)  Bacteria, Archaea, Animalia

Question 7

A selective growth medium

Accepted Answer

A)  allows only certain bacteria to grow. 
B)  allows all bacteria to grow. 
C)  allows no bacteria to grow. 
D)  accentuates differences between the growing bacteria. 
E)  is cultured anaerobically. 
A)  allows only certain bacteria to grow. 
B)  allows all bacteria to grow. 
C)  allows no bacteria to grow. 
D)  accentuates differences between the growing bacteria. 
E)  is cultured anaerobically.

Question 8

Serological methods

Accepted Answer

A)  are useful in identifying bacteria. 
B)  rely on the specificity of an antibody-antibody interaction. 
C)  may be simple but are always time consuming. 
D)  can rarely be used to identify bacteria. 
E)  All of the answer choices are correct. 
A)  are useful in identifying bacteria. 
B)  rely on the specificity of an antibody-antibody interaction. 
C)  may be simple but are always time consuming. 
D)  can rarely be used to identify bacteria. 
E)  All of the answer choices are correct.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a method used to differentiate E. coli O157:H7 from other strains based directly on genotype?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) 
B)  Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) 
C)  Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) 
D)  16S rRNA gene sequencing 
E)  Radioisotope-labeled probes or fluorescent dye-labeled probes 
A)  Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) 
B)  Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) 
C)  Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) 
D)  16S rRNA gene sequencing 
E)  Radioisotope-labeled probes or fluorescent dye-labeled probes

Question 10

In a MALDI-TOF assay,

Accepted Answer

A)  antibodies are used to detect specific proteins and polysaccharides, particularly those that make up surface structures. 
B)  a microorganism's proteins are separated and sorted by mass to generate a profile that provides a fast way to identify a colony. 
C)  part of a colony is transferred to a microscope slide, and a drop of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) is added to it to test for catalase. 
D)  specimens are inoculated onto differential media and a set of biochemical tests are used to identify a microorganism. 
E)  the nucleotide sequence of ribosomal RNA molecules (rRNAs), or the DNA that encodes them (rDNAs), is used to identify microbes. 
A)  antibodies are used to detect specific proteins and polysaccharides, particularly those that make up surface structures. 
B)  a microorganism's proteins are separated and sorted by mass to generate a profile that provides a fast way to identify a colony. 
C)  part of a colony is transferred to a microscope slide, and a drop of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) is added to it to test for catalase. 
D)  specimens are inoculated onto differential media and a set of biochemical tests are used to identify a microorganism. 
E)  the nucleotide sequence of ribosomal RNA molecules (rRNAs), or the DNA that encodes them (rDNAs), is used to identify microbes.

Question 11

Sequencing of rRNA is useful for

Accepted Answer

A)  determining evolutionary relationships AND determining protein sequences. 
B)  determining protein sequences AND identification of unknown bacteria. 
C)  determining evolutionary relationships AND determining serological relationships. 
D)  determining serological relationships AND determining protein sequences. 
E)  determining evolutionary relationships AND identification of unknown bacteria. 
A)  determining evolutionary relationships AND determining protein sequences. 
B)  determining protein sequences AND identification of unknown bacteria. 
C)  determining evolutionary relationships AND determining serological relationships. 
D)  determining serological relationships AND determining protein sequences. 
E)  determining evolutionary relationships AND identification of unknown bacteria.

Question 12

Nucleic acid techniques have great power as diagnostic tools because they may be

Accepted Answer

A)  used to differentiate species. 
B)  quick and easy to perform. 
C)  used to enhance the growth of bacteria. 
D)  used to inhibit the growth of certain bacteria. 
E)  All of the answer choices are correct. 
A)  used to differentiate species. 
B)  quick and easy to perform. 
C)  used to enhance the growth of bacteria. 
D)  used to inhibit the growth of certain bacteria. 
E)  All of the answer choices are correct.

Question 13

The reference for taxonomic descriptions of bacteria is

Accepted Answer

A)  Gray's Anatomy. 
B)  Websters Manual of Taxonomic Bacteriology. 
C)  Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. 
D)  Big Book of Bacteriology. 
E)  Oxford Book of Bacterial Classification. 
A)  Gray's Anatomy. 
B)  Websters Manual of Taxonomic Bacteriology. 
C)  Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. 
D)  Big Book of Bacteriology. 
E)  Oxford Book of Bacterial Classification.

Question 14

Streptococcus pyogenes would be

Accepted Answer

A)  beta hemolytic AND catalase negative. 
B)  beta hemolytic AND catalase positive. 
C)  alpha hemolytic AND catalase negative. 
D)  alpha hemolytic AND catalase positive. 
E)  gamma hemolytic AND catalase neutral. 
A)  beta hemolytic AND catalase negative. 
B)  beta hemolytic AND catalase positive. 
C)  alpha hemolytic AND catalase negative. 
D)  alpha hemolytic AND catalase positive. 
E)  gamma hemolytic AND catalase neutral.

Question 15

Which type of ribosomal RNA is most often used in taxonomy?

Accepted Answer

A)  5S 
B)  23S 
C)  70S 
D)  80S 
E)  16S 
A)  5S 
B)  23S 
C)  70S 
D)  80S 
E)  16S

Question 16

Intracellular Gram-negative diplococci found in a urethral sample from a male is indicative of

Accepted Answer

A)  Escherichia coli. 
B)  Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 
C)  Streptococcus pneumoniae. 
D)  Neisseria gonorrhoeae. 
E)  Staphylococcus epidermidis. 
A)  Escherichia coli. 
B)  Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 
C)  Streptococcus pneumoniae. 
D)  Neisseria gonorrhoeae. 
E)  Staphylococcus epidermidis.

Question 17

The three domain systems consist of Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

In higher organisms, successful mating can occur between members of the same

Accepted Answer

A)  genus. 
B)  species. 
C)  class. 
D)  order. 
E)  family. 
A)  genus. 
B)  species. 
C)  class. 
D)  order. 
E)  family.

Question 19

Two isolates with identical RFLPs are considered

Accepted Answer

A)  definitely the same strain. 
B)  different strains. 
C)  possibly the same strain. 
D)  different genera. 
E)  identical. 
A)  definitely the same strain. 
B)  different strains. 
C)  possibly the same strain. 
D)  different genera. 
E)  identical.

Question 20

Based on the Gram stain results, you tell your patient that you think he has gonorrhea, a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. You are able to make this diagnosis based on

Accepted Answer

A)  the fact that N. gonorrhoeae is the only Gram-negative diplococcus found within white blood cells in the male urethra. 
B)  signs and symptoms AND the fact that there are bacteria in the urethral discharge. 
C)  signs and symptoms AND because N. gonorrhoeae is the only Gram-negative diplococcus found within white blood cells in the male urethra. 
D)  signs and symptoms AND the fact that bacteria in the discharge are Gram-positive. 
E)  the fact that bacteria are present in red blood cells AND because N. gonorrhoeae is the only Gram-negative diplococcus found within the male urethra. 
A)  the fact that N. gonorrhoeae is the only Gram-negative diplococcus found within white blood cells in the male urethra. 
B)  signs and symptoms AND the fact that there are bacteria in the urethral discharge. 
C)  signs and symptoms AND because N. gonorrhoeae is the only Gram-negative diplococcus found within white blood cells in the male urethra. 
D)  signs and symptoms AND the fact that bacteria in the discharge are Gram-positive. 
E)  the fact that bacteria are present in red blood cells AND because N. gonorrhoeae is the only Gram-negative diplococcus found within the male urethra.

Exam 10: Identifying and Classifying Microorganisms

Phylogenetic relationships between prokaryotes are most accurately determined using

A breath test assaying for radioactive carbon dioxide may be used to indicate the presence of

Explain the difference between a biotype and a serotype.

Please select the False definition regarding microbial identification.

A soluble greenish pigment is produced by

The three domain classification scheme uses

A selective growth medium

Serological methods

Which of the following is NOT a method used to differentiate E. coli O157:H7 from other strains based directly on genotype?

In a MALDI-TOF assay,

Sequencing of rRNA is useful for

Nucleic acid techniques have great power as diagnostic tools because they may be

The reference for taxonomic descriptions of bacteria is

Streptococcus pyogenes would be

Which type of ribosomal RNA is most often used in taxonomy?

Intracellular Gram-negative diplococci found in a urethral sample from a male is indicative of

The three domain systems consist of Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya.

In higher organisms, successful mating can occur between members of the same

Two isolates with identical RFLPs are considered

Based on the Gram stain results, you tell your patient that you think he has gonorrhea, a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. You are able to make this diagnosis based on

Humans and the Microbial World

The Molecules of Life

Microscopy and Cell Structure

Dynamics of Microbial Growth

Control of Microbial Growth

Microbial Metabolism: Fueling Cell Growth

The Blueprint of Life, from DNA to Protein

Bacterial Genetics

Biotechnology

The Diversity of Bacteria and Archaea

The Eukaryotic Members of the Microbial World

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

The Innate Immune Response

The Adaptive Immune Response

Host-Microbe Interactions

Immunological Disorders

Applications of Immune Responses

Epidemiology

Antimicrobial Medications

Respiratory System Infections

Skin Infections

Wound Infections

Digestive System Infections

Blood and Lymphatic Infections

Nervous System Infections

Genitourinary Tract Infections

Microbial Ecology

Environmental Microbiology: Treatment of Water, Wastes, and Polluted Habitats

Food Microbiology

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