Exam 16: Host-Microbe Interactions

High concentrations of some bacteria are necessary for successful invasion because their virulence genes are only expressed at high population densities.

Which of the following members of the normal microbiota inhibit the growth of Candida albicans?

A young couple brings their 3-month old baby to the emergency department where you work as a triage nurse. The parents tell you that the baby had a runny nose, low grade fever, and mild cough two days earlier, which they assumed was a cold. However, the cough has become significantly worse and they are really worried about the gasping sound the child makes when breathing in after a coughing spell. The baby's cough is so bad that she has been vomiting and is refusing to feed. You are concerned that the baby has pertussis, commonly known as whooping cough. You give the parents some information while they are waiting for a physician to examine their child. -You examine the baby thoroughly, telling the parents that you need to record all signs and symptoms for your report to the clinician who will also assess the baby. The parents tell you they know what symptoms are but they don't know what you mean by signs. You tell them that

Which of the following factors is not considered important for the establishment of an infection?

A human fetus has no resident microbial population.

Infection always leads to disease.

The process by which infectious agents are ingested by host cells is