Question 1

Mycobacterium leprae has a generation time of

Accepted Answer

A)  12 days. 
B)  6 hours. 
C)  1 day. 
D)  20 minutes. 
E)  12-13 hours. 
A)  12 days. 
B)  6 hours. 
C)  1 day. 
D)  20 minutes. 
E)  12-13 hours.

Question 2

Which statement about viral meningitis is True?

Accepted Answer

A)  There are effective vaccines to protect against viral meningitis. 
B)  Paralysis is a common sign of viral meningitis. 
C)  The causative agents do not survive well in the environment. 
D)  Transmission of the causative agent is by the fecal-oral route. 
E)  Recovery is seldom complete-permanent disabilities usually occur. 
A)  There are effective vaccines to protect against viral meningitis. 
B)  Paralysis is a common sign of viral meningitis. 
C)  The causative agents do not survive well in the environment. 
D)  Transmission of the causative agent is by the fecal-oral route. 
E)  Recovery is seldom complete-permanent disabilities usually occur.

Question 3

Naegleria fowleri may cause

Accepted Answer

A)  meningitis. 
B)  primary amebic meningoencephalitis. 
C)  African sleeping sickness. 
D)  AIDS. 
E)  primary amebic microencephalitis. 
A)  meningitis. 
B)  primary amebic meningoencephalitis. 
C)  African sleeping sickness. 
D)  AIDS. 
E)  primary amebic microencephalitis.

Question 4

African sleeping sickness is transmitted by

Accepted Answer

A)  ticks. 
B)  black flies. 
C)  Aedes mosquitoes. 
D)  tsetse flies. 
E)  tsetse mosquitoes. 
A)  ticks. 
B)  black flies. 
C)  Aedes mosquitoes. 
D)  tsetse flies. 
E)  tsetse mosquitoes.

Question 5

The leading cause of bacterial meningitis in adults is

Accepted Answer

A)  Escherichia coli. 
B)  Haemophilus influenzae. 
C)  Streptococcus pneumoniae. 
D)  Neisseria meningitidis. 
E)  Mycoplasma pneumoniae. 
A)  Escherichia coli. 
B)  Haemophilus influenzae. 
C)  Streptococcus pneumoniae. 
D)  Neisseria meningitidis. 
E)  Mycoplasma pneumoniae.

Question 6

Which animal is used as an early warning system for viral encephalitis?

Accepted Answer

A)  armadillos 
B)  chickens 
C)  mice 
D)  foxes 
E)  hawks 
A)  armadillos 
B)  chickens 
C)  mice 
D)  foxes 
E)  hawks

Question 7

M. leprae may infect

Accepted Answer

A)  skunks. 
B)  iguanas. 
C)  armadillos. 
D)  raccoons. 
E)  birds. 
A)  skunks. 
B)  iguanas. 
C)  armadillos. 
D)  raccoons. 
E)  birds.

Question 8

The central nervous system (CNS) may become infected through the

Accepted Answer

A)  bloodstream. 
B)  nerves. 
C)  extensions from bone. 
D)  ventricles. 
E)  bloodstream, nerves, AND extensions from bone. 
A)  bloodstream. 
B)  nerves. 
C)  extensions from bone. 
D)  ventricles. 
E)  bloodstream, nerves, AND extensions from bone.

Question 9

Which statement is would NOT apply to CSF taken from a person you suspect has bacterial meningitis?

Accepted Answer

A)  The CSF would be cloudy and opaque rather than pale yellow and clear. 
B)  The CSF would have high protein levels compared with blood. 
C)  The CSF would contain neutrophils. 
D)  The CSF would have low glucose levels compared with blood. 
E)  The CSF would be bloody and opaque rather than pale yellow and cloudy. 
A)  The CSF would be cloudy and opaque rather than pale yellow and clear. 
B)  The CSF would have high protein levels compared with blood. 
C)  The CSF would contain neutrophils. 
D)  The CSF would have low glucose levels compared with blood. 
E)  The CSF would be bloody and opaque rather than pale yellow and cloudy.

Question 10

Presenters on the morning news channel that you watch alert consumers to a food recall. A particular brand of ice cream has tested positive for Listeria monocytogenes, an organism that causes asymptomatic or relatively mild disease in otherwise healthy individuals, but can be problematic in pregnant women. Your sister is expecting her first child, so you call her immediately and tell her about the recall. You fill her in on what you know about this organism and the disease it causes, having just learned about it yourself in your pre-nursing microbiology class. Your sister has questions that you are able to answer.
-Which of these statements concerning the causative agent of listeriosis is True?

Accepted Answer

A)  It can cause meningitis during the first month of life. 
B)  It is usually transmitted by the respiratory route. 
C)  It is uncommon in natural waters and vegetation. 
D)  It is a Gram-negative thermophile. 
E)  Most strains of L. monocytogenes are resistant to penicillin. 
A)  It can cause meningitis during the first month of life. 
B)  It is usually transmitted by the respiratory route. 
C)  It is uncommon in natural waters and vegetation. 
D)  It is a Gram-negative thermophile. 
E)  Most strains of L. monocytogenes are resistant to penicillin.

Question 11

Humans acquire the arbovirus that causes epidemic encephalitis by

Accepted Answer

A)  the fecal-oral route. 
B)  human to human contact. 
C)  the bite of an infected mosquito. 
D)  contaminated food. 
E)  unprotected sex with an infected person. 
A)  the fecal-oral route. 
B)  human to human contact. 
C)  the bite of an infected mosquito. 
D)  contaminated food. 
E)  unprotected sex with an infected person.

Question 12

The meningococcus attaches to the mucous membrane via ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  flagella 
B)  pili 
C)  cilia 
D)  a capsule 
E)  axial filaments 
A)  flagella 
B)  pili 
C)  cilia 
D)  a capsule 
E)  axial filaments

Question 13

Presenters on the morning news channel that you watch alert consumers to a food recall. A particular brand of ice cream has tested positive for Listeria monocytogenes, an organism that causes asymptomatic or relatively mild disease in otherwise healthy individuals, but can be problematic in pregnant women. Your sister is expecting her first child, so you call her immediately and tell her about the recall. You fill her in on what you know about this organism and the disease it causes, having just learned about it yourself in your pre-nursing microbiology class. Your sister has questions that you are able to answer.
-The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved an additive that is sprayed onto a variety of meats during the production process. The additive contains viruses and has increased the safety of these foods by 80-99%. How does this additive work?

Accepted Answer

A)  The additive contains bacteriophages specific for L. monocytogenes. The viruses are lytic phages-they infect and kill the bacterial host. 
B)  The additive contains bacteriophages specific for L. monocytogenes. The viruses are temperate (lysogenic) phages that infect and kill the bacterial host. 
C)  The additive contains viruses that produce antibiotics which destroy L. monocytogenes cells. Several strains are used to prevent resistance. 
D)  The additive contains phages that infect the person that consumes them on food. They integrate into the host cell's chromosomes, protecting the cells from L. monocytogenes. 
E)  The viruses in the additive cause an immune response in pregnant women, who make IgA in response to them. The IgA protects the fetus against L. monocytogenes. 
A)  The additive contains bacteriophages specific for L. monocytogenes. The viruses are lytic phages-they infect and kill the bacterial host. 
B)  The additive contains bacteriophages specific for L. monocytogenes. The viruses are temperate (lysogenic) phages that infect and kill the bacterial host. 
C)  The additive contains viruses that produce antibiotics which destroy L. monocytogenes cells. Several strains are used to prevent resistance. 
D)  The additive contains phages that infect the person that consumes them on food. They integrate into the host cell's chromosomes, protecting the cells from L. monocytogenes. 
E)  The viruses in the additive cause an immune response in pregnant women, who make IgA in response to them. The IgA protects the fetus against L. monocytogenes.

Question 14

Which statement regarding meningitis is False?

Accepted Answer

A)  If bacterial meningitis is suspected, a person is given broad-spectrum antibiotics immediately, without waiting for identification of the causative organism. 
B)  Bacterial causative agents of meningitis are transmitted through respiratory droplets, while viral agents of the disease may also be transmitted via the fecal-oral route. 
C)  The cerebrospinal fluid of people with either viral meningitis or bacterial meningitis is cloudy and opaque rather than being clear and pale yellow in color. 
D)  Meningitis is a relatively rare disease, because it is very difficult for the causative agents to cross the blood-brain barrier. 
E)  Vaccines protect against the most important types bacterial meningitis but prevention of viral meningitis depends on increased hand washing and avoiding crowded areas. 
A)  If bacterial meningitis is suspected, a person is given broad-spectrum antibiotics immediately, without waiting for identification of the causative organism. 
B)  Bacterial causative agents of meningitis are transmitted through respiratory droplets, while viral agents of the disease may also be transmitted via the fecal-oral route. 
C)  The cerebrospinal fluid of people with either viral meningitis or bacterial meningitis is cloudy and opaque rather than being clear and pale yellow in color. 
D)  Meningitis is a relatively rare disease, because it is very difficult for the causative agents to cross the blood-brain barrier. 
E)  Vaccines protect against the most important types bacterial meningitis but prevention of viral meningitis depends on increased hand washing and avoiding crowded areas.

Question 15

The transmission of M. leprae is by

Accepted Answer

A)  direct human-to-human contact AND the fecal-oral route. 
B)  the fecal-oral route AND contact with contaminated blood products. 
C)  contact with contaminated blood products. 
D)  contact with infected nasal secretions AND the fecal-oral route. 
E)  direct human-to-human contact AND contact with infected nasal secretions. 
A)  direct human-to-human contact AND the fecal-oral route. 
B)  the fecal-oral route AND contact with contaminated blood products. 
C)  contact with contaminated blood products. 
D)  contact with infected nasal secretions AND the fecal-oral route. 
E)  direct human-to-human contact AND contact with infected nasal secretions.

Question 16

The cavities inside the brain are termed

Accepted Answer

A)  sinuses. 
B)  ventricles. 
C)  cavities. 
D)  sulci. 
E)  gyri. 
A)  sinuses. 
B)  ventricles. 
C)  cavities. 
D)  sulci. 
E)  gyri.

Question 17

All cases of paralytic polio acquired in the U.S. between 1980 and 1999 were caused by Salk's polio vaccine.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The limited type of leprosy in which cell-mediated immunity suppresses proliferation of the bacilli is called

Accepted Answer

A)  lepromatous. 
B)  limited. 
C)  immune. 
D)  tuberculoid. 
E)  Hansen's. 
A)  lepromatous. 
B)  limited. 
C)  immune. 
D)  tuberculoid. 
E)  Hansen's.

Question 19

Which is True of the poliomyelitis virus?

Accepted Answer

A)  non-enveloped AND single-stranded DNA 
B)  non-enveloped AND single-stranded RNA 
C)  enveloped AND single-stranded DNA 
D)  enveloped AND double-stranded RNA 
E)  enveloped AND single-stranded RNA 
A)  non-enveloped AND single-stranded DNA 
B)  non-enveloped AND single-stranded RNA 
C)  enveloped AND single-stranded DNA 
D)  enveloped AND double-stranded RNA 
E)  enveloped AND single-stranded RNA

Question 20

Which of these descriptions does NOT apply to the pathogenesis of meningitis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vasodilation from inflammation results in accumulation of fluid, causing brain swelling and nerve damage. 
B)  Vasodilation disrupts the blood-brain barrier and allows neutrophils and proteins to enter the CSF. 
C)  Inflammation results in the formation of small blood clots that block capillaries and interrupt blood supply, leading to cell death. 
D)  Fever causes the blood pressure to increase significantly, forcing lymph fluid into the meninges and causing brain swelling. 
E)  Inflammation impedes normal outflow of CSF, causing it to accumulate and press the brain against the skull. 
A)  Vasodilation from inflammation results in accumulation of fluid, causing brain swelling and nerve damage. 
B)  Vasodilation disrupts the blood-brain barrier and allows neutrophils and proteins to enter the CSF. 
C)  Inflammation results in the formation of small blood clots that block capillaries and interrupt blood supply, leading to cell death. 
D)  Fever causes the blood pressure to increase significantly, forcing lymph fluid into the meninges and causing brain swelling. 
E)  Inflammation impedes normal outflow of CSF, causing it to accumulate and press the brain against the skull.

Exam 26: Nervous System Infections

Mycobacterium leprae has a generation time of

Which statement about viral meningitis is True?

Naegleria fowleri may cause

African sleeping sickness is transmitted by

The leading cause of bacterial meningitis in adults is

Which animal is used as an early warning system for viral encephalitis?

M. leprae may infect

The central nervous system (CNS) may become infected through the

Which statement is would NOT apply to CSF taken from a person you suspect has bacterial meningitis?

Humans acquire the arbovirus that causes epidemic encephalitis by

The meningococcus attaches to the mucous membrane via ________.

Which statement regarding meningitis is False?

The transmission of M. leprae is by

The cavities inside the brain are termed

All cases of paralytic polio acquired in the U.S. between 1980 and 1999 were caused by Salk's polio vaccine.

The limited type of leprosy in which cell-mediated immunity suppresses proliferation of the bacilli is called

Which is True of the poliomyelitis virus?

Which of these descriptions does NOT apply to the pathogenesis of meningitis?

Humans and the Microbial World

The Molecules of Life

Microscopy and Cell Structure

Dynamics of Microbial Growth

Control of Microbial Growth

Microbial Metabolism: Fueling Cell Growth

The Blueprint of Life, from DNA to Protein

Bacterial Genetics

Biotechnology

Identifying and Classifying Microorganisms

The Diversity of Bacteria and Archaea

The Eukaryotic Members of the Microbial World

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

The Innate Immune Response

The Adaptive Immune Response

Host-Microbe Interactions

Immunological Disorders

Applications of Immune Responses

Epidemiology

Antimicrobial Medications

Respiratory System Infections

Skin Infections

Wound Infections

Digestive System Infections

Blood and Lymphatic Infections

Genitourinary Tract Infections

Microbial Ecology

Environmental Microbiology: Treatment of Water, Wastes, and Polluted Habitats

Food Microbiology

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