Exam 5: Contact, Commerce, and Colonization 1450-1600

Questions refer to the image below. Mughal Emperor Akbar, attended by a multiethnic group of scholars, accepts the Book of Akbar (Akbarnama) from Abu'l-Fazl, one of the Disciples of Din-i-Ilahi, the Divine Faith (a syncretic religion). -The interactions depicted in the painting above are best understood in the context of which of the following?

Which of the following characterized Spanish tributary empires?

Questions refer to the sources below. Conquest of the Aztecs drawn by an Amerindian convert in the sixteenth century, based on oral histories and traditional style. "It especially made him [Montezuma] faint when he heard how the guns went off at [the Spaniards'] command, sounding like thunder, causing people actually to swoon, blocking the ears. And when it went off, something like a ball came out from inside, and fire went showering and spitting out. And the smoke that came from it had a very foul stench, striking one in the face. And if they shot at a hill, it seemed to crumble and come apart. And it turned a tree to dust; it seemed to make it vanish, as though someone had conjured it away. Their war gear was all iron. They clothed their bodies in iron, they put iron on their heads, their swords were iron, their bows were iron, and their shields and lances were iron. And their deer that carried them were as tall as the roof." The Florentine Codex. Written in the sixteenth century by Spanish Franciscan Friar Bernardo de Sahagun based on the accounts of Nahua men who were his converts. -Which of the following details concerning the Spaniards' military are found in both sources?

Develop an argument that analyzes the differences in the ways that governments responded to the challenge of religious and cultural pluralism in eestern Europe and EITHER the Ottoman Empire or the Mughal Empire in the period from 1450 to 1600. In your response you should do the following: $\bullet$ Respond to the prompt with a historically defensible thesis or claim that establishes a line of reasoning. $\bullet$ Describe a broader historical context relevant to the prompt. $\bullet$ Support an argument in response to the prompt using specific and relevant examples of evidence. $\bullet$ Use historical reasoning (e.g., comparison, causation, continuity or change) to frame or structure an argument that addresses the prompt. $\bullet$ Use evidence to corroborate, qualify, or modify an argument that addresses the prompt.

What percent of the Amerindian population was killed by Afro-Eurasian diseases during the sixteenth century?

Questions refer to the image below. Mughal Emperor Akbar, attended by a multiethnic group of scholars, accepts the Book of Akbar (Akbarnama) from Abu'l-Fazl, one of the Disciples of Din-i-Ilahi, the Divine Faith (a syncretic religion). -Which of the following is illustrated in the painting above?

Questions refer to the sources below. Conquest of the Aztecs drawn by an Amerindian convert in the sixteenth century, based on oral histories and traditional style. "It especially made him [Montezuma] faint when he heard how the guns went off at [the Spaniards'] command, sounding like thunder, causing people actually to swoon, blocking the ears. And when it went off, something like a ball came out from inside, and fire went showering and spitting out. And the smoke that came from it had a very foul stench, striking one in the face. And if they shot at a hill, it seemed to crumble and come apart. And it turned a tree to dust; it seemed to make it vanish, as though someone had conjured it away. Their war gear was all iron. They clothed their bodies in iron, they put iron on their heads, their swords were iron, their bows were iron, and their shields and lances were iron. And their deer that carried them were as tall as the roof." The Florentine Codex. Written in the sixteenth century by Spanish Franciscan Friar Bernardo de Sahagun based on the accounts of Nahua men who were his converts. -In the second source, what aspect of Spanish military power seemed to have had the biggest impact on the Aztecs and the emperor?

After 1570, why was Japan supplanted as the primary source of silver for China?

Questions refer to the sources below. Conquest of the Aztecs drawn by an Amerindian convert in the sixteenth century, based on oral histories and traditional style. "It especially made him [Montezuma] faint when he heard how the guns went off at [the Spaniards'] command, sounding like thunder, causing people actually to swoon, blocking the ears. And when it went off, something like a ball came out from inside, and fire went showering and spitting out. And the smoke that came from it had a very foul stench, striking one in the face. And if they shot at a hill, it seemed to crumble and come apart. And it turned a tree to dust; it seemed to make it vanish, as though someone had conjured it away. Their war gear was all iron. They clothed their bodies in iron, they put iron on their heads, their swords were iron, their bows were iron, and their shields and lances were iron. And their deer that carried them were as tall as the roof." The Florentine Codex. Written in the sixteenth century by Spanish Franciscan Friar Bernardo de Sahagun based on the accounts of Nahua men who were his converts. -In what way does the second source undercut the first source's reliability or accuracy concerning the conflict between the Spanish and the Aztecs?

Questions refer to the sources below. Conquest of the Aztecs drawn by an Amerindian convert in the sixteenth century, based on oral histories and traditional style. "It especially made him [Montezuma] faint when he heard how the guns went off at [the Spaniards'] command, sounding like thunder, causing people actually to swoon, blocking the ears. And when it went off, something like a ball came out from inside, and fire went showering and spitting out. And the smoke that came from it had a very foul stench, striking one in the face. And if they shot at a hill, it seemed to crumble and come apart. And it turned a tree to dust; it seemed to make it vanish, as though someone had conjured it away. Their war gear was all iron. They clothed their bodies in iron, they put iron on their heads, their swords were iron, their bows were iron, and their shields and lances were iron. And their deer that carried them were as tall as the roof." The Florentine Codex. Written in the sixteenth century by Spanish Franciscan Friar Bernardo de Sahagun based on the accounts of Nahua men who were his converts. -Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the historical situation of both of the sources?

Questions refer to the image below. Engraving by Italian explorer Savorgnan de Brazza shows women of the West African Bateke tribe working in corn plantations. -Based on your knowledge of world history, what was the effect of growing the crop shown above on the population of Africa?

The Aztecs and Incas used conscripted labor to build public wealth, while the Spanish used forced labor to enrich private individuals.

What did the Spanish use as a model for obtaining Amerindian labor for colonial mines?

Which of the following was a way in which the spread of Protestant beliefs contributed to protracted warfare in Europe between the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries?

During the sixteenth century, what impact did the European presence in the Indian Ocean and South China Sea have on Asian dynasties?

Compare the influence of Europeans on the Ming Empire during the sixteenth century with their influence on the Aztec Empire and explain the reasons for the differing impact.

What were the differences between the tributary model of empire developed by the Spanish in the Americas and the plantation complex developed by the Portuguese? Define each of these terms, explain how each system worked, and consider what circumstances influenced each to develop as it did.

The Ottoman fleet was much smaller than the fleets of Ming China or Portugal.

In the early sixteenth century, which of the following contributed to the Aztecs' constant warfare?

Which areas of the Americas produced the bulk of the silver that fueled global commerce in the sixteenth century?