Exam 9: Alternative Visions of the Nineteenth Century

Both internal and external factors influenced the process of state building. Develop an argument that compares internal movements that challenged the growth of two imperializing states from 1750 to 1900. In your response you should do the following: $\bullet$ Respond to the prompt with a historically defensible thesis or claim that establishes a line of reasoning. $\bullet$ Describe a broader historical context relevant to the prompt. $\bullet$ Support an argument in response to the prompt using specific and relevant examples of evidence. $\bullet$ Use historical reasoning (e.g., comparison, causation, continuity or change) to frame or structure an argument that addresses the prompt. $\bullet$ Use evidence to corroborate, qualify, or modify an argument that addresses the prompt.

Questions refer to the passage below. Section II-Regarding Merchants. It is plain that the infidel and treacherous British government have monopolized the trade of all the fine and valuable merchandise, such as indigo, cloth, and other articles of shipping, leaving only the trade of trifles to the people. . . . When the Badshahi Government is established, all these aforesaid fraudulent practices shall be dispensed with, and the trade of every article, without exception, both by land and by water, shall be open to the merchants of India. The Azamgarh Proclamation (1857), Bahadur Shah, last Mughal emperor -The arguments put forth in the document best exemplify which of the following ideologies?

What did Marx and Engels believe would be the outcome of the conflict between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat?

Which of the following was called for in the People's Charter?

Early socialists were primarily concerned with transforming the free-market economy to enhance equality.

Examine the development of Usman dan Fodio's Sokoto caliphate. In addition to Islamic revival, what factors encouraged the growth of this kingdom?

What event sparked the Great Rebellion of 1857?

Use the passage below to answer all parts of the question that follows. The story of the war of 1858, between the Chinese on the one side and the French and English on the other, has already been recited. Sufficient reference has been made to the terms of the treaty, to the war indemnity extorted by the allies from the Imperial Government, and to the other circumstances with which the conflict was concluded. It might well appear that the humiliation of the Chinese Governities turned their attention once more to the suppression of the rebellious Tai-Pings, who had for some time been in defiance of Imperial authority. The Government succeeded at this juncture in enlisting the sympathies and services of that remarkable personage, Colonel Charles George Gordon, of the Royal Engineers, destined from the campaign upon which he now entered to be known to the world as Chinese Gordon. . . . Gordon soon succeeded in organizing a formidable army, incorporating with his forces the command of the American Colonel Ward, who had already been engaged against the Tai-Pings. An invasion of the rebellious district was now begun, and Gordon's army was constantly victorious. City after city in the Tai-Ping country was taken, but it was not until 1864 that the insurgents were finally brought to submission. John Clark Ridpath, American educator and historian, in Cyclopaedia of Universal History, Nineteenth Century, 1890 (A) Identify the "war of 1858" and explain ONE of the "humiliations" the Chinese suffered under the treaty. (B) Describe the reason that Ridpath gives for the ultimate defeat of the Taiping rebellion. (C) Explain how the author's historical situation might limit the usefulness of this source.

Compare the changes to existing social structures proposed by Hong Xiuquan's Taiping movement and Charles Fourier's utopian socialism.

During the early nineteenth century, which of the following led to a crisis in southern Africa?

Viewed collectively, the actions of rebels and dissidents in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries reflected which of the following?

On what idea could disparate groups of radicals agree?

Why did Charles Fourier consign nasty jobs such as cleaning latrines to adolescents?

Marx and Engels believed that the conflict between proletariat and bourgeoisie would be succeeded by other stages of class conflict.

What change did the British East India Company make in its approach to ruling India during the 1840s?

The Shawnee prophet Tenskwatawa was similar to Hong Xiuquan in which of the following ways?

Questions refer to the passage below. Yet we must know that the ten thousand names derive from the one name, and the one name from one ancestor. Thus our origins are not different. Since our Heavenly Father gave us birth and nourishment, we are of one form though of separate bodies, and we breathe the same air though in different places. This is why we say, "All are brothers within the four seas." Now, basking in the profound mercy of Heaven, we are of one family. . . . We brothers, our minds having been awakened by our Heavenly Father, joined the camp in the earlier days to support our Sovereign, many bringing parents, wives, uncles, brothers, and whole families. It is a matter of course that we should attend to our parents and look after our wives and children, but when one first creates a new rule, the state must come first and the family last, public interests first and private interests last. "The Principles of the Heavenly Nature," promulgated by the leadership of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, 1854 -Which of the following statements in "The Principles" represents a change in Chinese cultural thought?

Answer all parts of the question that follows. (A) Identify ONE cause of armed revolt in Africa in the nineteenth century. (B) Identify ONE additional cause of armed revolt in Africa in the nineteenth century. (C) Identify and explain ONE way that people in Africa resisted Western pressure during the late nineteenth century.

Which nationalist movement successfully obtained statehood during the first half of the nineteenth century?

Which of the following nineteenth-century principles derived from the revolutions of the late eighteenth century?