Exam 5: Contact, Commerce, and Colonization 1450-1600

Which of the following accurately describes Columbus's first impression of the Taino people?

The work of which admiral and cartographer provided the foundation for important Ottoman gains in the Red Sea and Indian Ocean?

Following the Council of Trent, the Cistercians sent missionaries to the Americas, India, Japan, and China.

Which of the following sparked Martin Luther's challenge to the Catholic Church?

Use the passage below to answer all parts of the question that follows. "Europeans were increasingly accustomed to failures of restraints in warfare during the religious wars that engulfed vast areas from the mid-sixteenth century to the mid-seventeenth century. Cities in the conflict zones of the Dutch Revolt, the French Wars, the Thirty Years' War, and the English Civil Wars could suffer catastrophic violence as the most extreme applications of "the law of the siege" became normal. European soldiers, who were often underpaid, became habituated to pillaging and burning towns that attempted to resist them. Massacres of inhabitants and executions of civic leaders followed the end of many sieges due to the brutal conditions of early modern European warfare and the excessive soldiers participating in religious warfare. "Strong religious motivations often underlay the atrocities committed by the European combatants who fought in colonial wars." Brian Sandberg, "Beyond Encounters: Religion, Ethnicity, and Violence in the Early Modern Atlantic World, 1492-1700," 2006 (A). Identify ONE example in the Americas where "the law of the siege" led to extreme violence against the people of a conquered city. (B). Identify and explain ONE specific example in Europe where "strong religious motivation" underlay violence against people of a different religion. (C). Identify and explain ONE example in a different region of the world or an earlier period in time where "strong religious motivations" underlay the violent treatment of people of a different religion.

What was the primary reason for the rapid increase in the importation of Africans in sixteenth-century Brazil and the Caribbean?

Questions are based on the following image. Silver mining at Potosí in the Andes, circa 1590 -What is the source of labor depicted in the mining operation image above?

Which of the following was an important effect of the Ottoman conquest of Syria and Egypt?

The movement of the Chinese capital from Nanjing to Beijing was made possible by the reopening of the Grand Canal.

Questions are based on the following image. Silver mining at Potosí in the Andes, circa 1590 -Based on your knowledge of world history, which of the following facilitated changes in the new global circulation of commodities between 1450 and 1700?

What was the benefit to the Spanish crown of an encomienda?

Which of the following best summarizes the goals of Spanish explorers such as Columbus?

Why were the Portuguese and other Europeans motivated to find new routes to Asia?

Why was China's demand for silver so high during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?