Exam 8: Reordering the World 1750-1850

What did Europeans mean when they proposed that Africans should engage in "legitimate" trade?

Which of the following is a consequence of the revolution in Saint-Domingue?

The wealth generated by the expansion in trade in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries led to the emergence of which of the following social groups?

Europe's industrial revolution eliminated the desire for slave labor elsewhere in the Atlantic.

Compare the responses of the Ottoman sultans and the Egyptians to the growing European presence in the Ottoman world during the nineteenth century. Why did each group respond as it did, and what tactics did each pursue? How successful were they?

Which of the following best explains the rise of Orientalist scholarship?

Who benefited most from the revolutions against Spanish rule in the Americas?

Questions refer to the passage below. Kingston, Jamaica, September 6, 1815 . . . the destiny of America has been irrevocably decided; the tie that bound her to Spain has been severed. Only a concept maintained that tie and kept the parts of that immense monarchy together. That which formerly bound them now divides them. The hatred that the Peninsula has inspired in us is greater than the ocean between us. It would be easier to have the two continents meet than to reconcile the spirits of the two countries. The habit of obedience; a community of interest, of understanding, of religion; mutual goodwill; a tender regard for the birthplace and good name of our forefathers; in short, all that gave rise to our hopes, came to us from Spain. As a result, there was born principle of affinity that seemed eternal, notwithstanding the misbehavior of our rulers which weakened that sympathy, or, rather, that bond enforced by the domination of their rule. At present the contrary attitude persists: we are threatened with the fear of death, dishonor, and every harm; there is nothing we have not suffered at the hands of that unnatural stepmother-Spain. The veil has been torn asunder. We have already seen the light, and it is not our desire to be thrust back into darkness. . . . The role of the inhabitants of the American hemisphere has for centuries been purely passive. Politically they were nonexistent. We are still in a position lower than slavery, and therefore it is more difficult for us to rise to the enjoyment of freedom. . . . States are slaves because of either the nature or the misuse of their constitutions; a people is therefore enslaved when the government, by its nature or its vices, infringes on and usurps the rights of the citizen or subject. Simon Bolivar, "Letter from Jamaica," 1815 -According to the document, how does Bolivar characterize the actions of the Spanish government?

On which of the following premises does the concept of popular sovereignty depend?

Which of the following accurately describes global trade in the mid-nineteenth century?

The industrial revolution brought more demanding work routines to Africa and Asia as well as to Europe and North America.

Which of the following explains in part why China did not become the epicenter of the Industrial Revolution?

Answer all parts of the question that follows. (A) Identify a similarity in a cause of the Haitian (Saint-Domingue) and Latin American Revolutions. (B) Identify a difference in outcome of the Haitian (Saint-Domingue) and Latin American Revolutions. (C) Explain a reason for the difference in outcomes of the Haitian (Saint-Domingue) and Latin American Revolutions.

Questions refer to the drawing below. Capital and Labour (1843), Punch Magazine -The drawing was most likely created by someone who was concerned with the:

How did the idea that "all men were created equal" affect revolutionary American society?

Which of the following accurately describes the reactions of Abd al-Rahman al-Jabarti and the Haitian Declaration of Independence to French "proclamations"?

In what way did Britain's political and social environment contribute to the industrial revolution?

The eighteenth century marked the beginning of an intense period of revolution and rebellion against existing governments, leading to the establishment of new nation-states around the world. Develop an argument that evaluates the extent to which eighteenth-century revolutionary movements transformed society. In your response you should do the following: $\bullet$ Respond to the prompt with a historically defensible thesis or claim that establishes a line of reasoning. $\bullet$ Describe a broader historical context relevant to the prompt. $\bullet$ Support an argument in response to the prompt using specific and relevant examples of evidence. $\bullet$ Use historical reasoning (e.g., comparison, causation, continuity or change) to frame or structure an argument that addresses the prompt. $\bullet$ Use evidence to corroborate, qualify, or modify an argument that addresses the prompt.

Calls for political revolution in the eighteenth-century Atlantic world relied on which of the following new ideas?

Questions refer to the passage below. The following is the response given by Chinese emperor Qianlong following the first British envoy to China, known as the Macartney Embassy. "As to your entreaty to send one of your nationals to be accredited to my Celestial Court and to be in control of your country's trade with China, this request is contrary to all usage of my dynasty and cannot possibly be entertained. It is true that Europeans, in the service of the dynasty, have been permitted to live at Peking, but they are compelled to adopt Chinese dress, they are strictly confined to their own precincts and are never permitted to return home. You are presumably familiar with our dynastic regulations. Your proposed Envoy to my Court could not be placed in a position similar to that of European officials in Peking who are forbidden to leave China, nor could he, on the other hand, be allowed liberty of movement and the privilege of corresponding with his own country; so that you would gain nothing by his residence in our midst. It may be, O King, that the above proposals have been wantonly made by your Ambassador on his own responsibility, or peradventure you yourself are ignorant of our dynastic regulations and had no intention of transgressing them when you expressed these wild ideas and hopes. . . . If, after the receipt of this explicit decree, you lightly give ear to the representations of your subordinates and allow your barbarian merchants to proceed to Chêkiang and Tientsin, with the object of landing and trading there, the ordinances of my Celestial Empire are strict in the extreme, and the local officials, both civil and military, are bound reverently to obey the law of the land. Should your vessels touch the shore, your merchants will assuredly never be permitted to land or to reside there but will be subject to instant expulsion. In that event your barbarian merchants will have had a long journey for nothing. Do not say that you were not warned in due time! Tremblingly obey and show no negligence! . . ." Emperor Qianlong: Letter to George III, 1793 -How does this document represent continuity in Chinese ways of thinking about their place in the world?