Exam 13: Behaviour in a Social Context

Identify some major types of environmental stimuli that increase the risk of aggression.

You are trying to get a friend to lend you $20. You think that it might be a good idea to ask him for $10 first, then after he gives it to you, ask if he happens to have another $10. If you do this you would be using

You make sure that you look really nice, buy your parents lunch, and then start sobbing in front of them begging for a car. Which route to persuasion are you using?

According to the text, the sets of norms that specify how people in a particular social position are expected to behave are called the social ___________.

Describe Leon Festinger's theory of cognitive dissonance and describe a hypothetical study to demonstrate how it accounts for the impact of counterattitudinal behaviour on attitudes. What is self-perception theory and what different explanation does it offer for these results?

According to Harold Kelley, if consistency, distinctiveness, and consensus are all high we are likely to make

Self-perception theory appears to offer a better explanation of attitude change than dissonance theory does when the counter-attitudinal behaviour _________ a person's self-worth and when our attitudes are _________ to begin with.

According to John Darley and Bibb Latané, what are the two primary mechanisms that may be responsible for the failure of bystanders to help during emergencies? Describe each of them. What types of people are bystanders most likely to help? If you were going to try to increase prosocial helping behaviour, what are four things you might try?

Cognitive dissonance theory best explains the relationship between attitudes and behaviour when counterattitudinal behaviours do not threaten one's self-worth or when the attitudes that are initially held are weak or unclear.

Cognitive dissonance theory is to self-perception theory as ________.

The negative state relief model states that ________.

During a murder trial, two expert witnesses testify as to the accuracy of the DNA statistics. The two experts have conflicting opinions. James is a juror who finds the scientific evidence hard to understand, but he finds that he is more attracted to one of the experts for the defence because she is young and reminds him of his daughter. When James is persuaded by her testimony and discounts the testimony of the other expert, he is using

What additional factors help to explain why bystanders may be helpful?

Cognitive dissonance theory and self-perception theory are similar in that both ________.

What is social loafing and when does it occur? How does the collective effort model explain its occurrence? What is the impact of culture and gender with regard to this phenomenon?

A man who works in a hostile environment shows little or no reaction when other individuals provoke or anger him. This continues for many years until finally one evening, he almost kills his neighbour after she unlocks the door to her apartment "too loudly." According to Edwin Megargee, this man would be said to have ____________ and provides evidence most consistent with the __________ model of aggression.

Performing an act of aggression discharges aggressive energy and temporarily reduces our impulse to aggress, according to Sigmund Freud's principle of __________________.

You are really frustrated with your boss, but cannot attack her. So you go to the gym and work out for a while. You find that you are less frustrated and no longer want to attack. How can we explain this?

Juan is in the process of forming an opinion about someone when a friend, who is taking a psychology class, tells him to avoid making snap judgements and to carefully consider the evidence. The net result of this advice is that Juan feels more accountable for his opinions. The advice of Juan's friend should most likely decrease

According to the text, remaining independent in the face of pressure, being consistent over time, and appearing to maintain an open mind are all factors that are most relevant to ________.