Exam 13: Behaviour in a Social Context

Social structure theory claims that gender differences in mating patterns are not due to evolution, but are instead the product of _____________.

According to Leon Festinger, when two or more cognitions are inconsistent with or contradict one another, an uncomfortable state of tension called cognitive ______________ results.

You are in a relationship with a high degree of passion, but no commitment and no intimacy. According to Sternberg's triangular theory of love, you are experiencing

Medea and her friends go out for dinner at a sit-down restaurant. Their waiter is slow to greet them, confuses their drink orders, forgets to bring their appetizers, and is angry when they complain. Medea's friends begin to say that the waiter is a jerk and that they don't intend to tip him. They are making a(n) ______________ attribution.

Cognitive dissonance theory assumes that counterattitudinal behaviours change attitudes because they generate an uncomfortable state of tension, while another theory argues that the same changes are the product of logically inferring attitudes based on the observation of behaviour. This is _____________.

The mere exposure effect, where liking or attraction for something can increase just from multiple exposures to it, demonstrates the importance of ____________ with regard to attraction.

The tendency to be more alert to the information that is received first and the tendency of using this initial information to shape how subsequent information is to be perceived are both most relevant while explaining ________.

On the first day of class, Dr. Moskowitz is serious and tough as he reviews his rules for the course. After the first day, he is friendly and warm, but his students often continue to see him as unsympathetic and firm. This is due to

When Mrs. Jones asks her kindergarten class, "Who is looking forward to summer vacation?" every student raises his or her hand. Notice that Mrs. Jones did not ask them to raise their hands they just know that is the socially acceptable way to respond to the question. The behaviour of raising your hand in elementary school is an example of

All of your friends want to go out to the new Sushi restaurant for dinner. You would prefer to go to the new steak house. As you listen to their arguments, you decide that, in fact, the Sushi restaurant may be a good choice so you decide to go as well. Your behaviour is an example of

A person on campus walks up to you and asks if you would be willing to wear a ribbon to show support for her cause. Though the ribbon is a bit unattractive, it is small so you agree to wear it. After agreeing to this request, the solicitor then asks you if you would be willing to make a donation of $15. This example best demonstrates the persuasion technique called

According to marital researcher John Gottman, what are the four behaviours that are significantly associated with poor marital outcomes?

The generalized belief about a group of people is everyday language is termed stereotype.

A meta-analysis of 60 different studies examining the possible causal mechanisms of deindividuation revealed that the primary factor that disinhibited behaviour was ___________.

Eight people are participating together in a lab study on group performance. Four people have been labeled as "Group A" and four have been labeled as "Group B". Each person has their group label attached to their shirt. They are asked to allocate some resources for another part of the experiment and to rate the participants on a number of scales. In this study we would expect

The average attitude of generally like-minded people in a group becomes even more liberal over time in large part because several members of a group want to avoid the disapproval of other key group members. This tendency for attitudes to become more extreme is called the _________________, and in this case, it appears to have been produced by the _________________.

You and four other group members have to prepare a presentation that either argues for or against increasing government spending. You ask whether the group wants to use any multimedia in the presentation and one of the other members quickly expresses his opinion that would be a waste of what little time you've been allocated to speak. No one in the group disagrees and that becomes the plan. However, the night before the presentation, you start second guessing whether there should have been more debate about the prospect of using multimedia, rather than just going along with whatever the first person to respond said. What could this provide an example of?

Under what conditions does the mere presence of other people enhance or impair performance? Why?

Which of the following is least likely to be emphasized by a theorist taking a social learning view of aggressive behaviour?

Identify two key ways (two stages of intervention) in which the presence of other bystanders often inhibits people from responding to an emergency.