Question 1

The concurrent chains procedure allows researchers to examine:

Accepted Answer

A)  Differences in choice behavior between ratio and interval schedules 
B)  The relative effectiveness of two conditioned reinforcers 
C)  The effect of delay on the value of a reinforcer 
D)  The amount of work that an organism is willing to do for a given outcome 
A)  Differences in choice behavior between ratio and interval schedules 
B)  The relative effectiveness of two conditioned reinforcers 
C)  The effect of delay on the value of a reinforcer 
D)  The amount of work that an organism is willing to do for a given outcome

Question 2

Predict the percentage of times that you would expect a person to choose gas station A in the following: Gas station A is 5 minutes to the north and has an average wait time of 2 minutes for a pump while gas station B is 5 minutes to the south and has an average wait time of 4 minutes for a pump.

Accepted Answer

A)  50% 
B)  60% 
C)  70% 
D)  80% 
A)  50% 
B)  60% 
C)  70% 
D)  80%

Question 3

Attention from other people is usually reinforcing for children because:

Accepted Answer

A)  Attention has preceded a variety of reinforcement from people 
B)  Attention is around children all the time so they get used to it 
C)  Attention is needed for children to develop into emotionally healthy people 
D)  Attention is a fundamental necessity of life that children thrive on 
A)  Attention has preceded a variety of reinforcement from people 
B)  Attention is around children all the time so they get used to it 
C)  Attention is needed for children to develop into emotionally healthy people 
D)  Attention is a fundamental necessity of life that children thrive on

Question 4

The behavior analysis of booking a flight on Delta or American airlines illustrates:

Accepted Answer

A)  How behavior is distributed on concurrent-chain schedules of reinforcement 
B)  The role of delay reduction in choice situations 
C)  How behavior is distributed on concurrent schedules of reinforcement 
D)  Both how behavior is distributed on concurrent-chains schedules of reinforcement and the role of delay reduction in choice situations 
A)  How behavior is distributed on concurrent-chain schedules of reinforcement 
B)  The role of delay reduction in choice situations 
C)  How behavior is distributed on concurrent schedules of reinforcement 
D)  Both how behavior is distributed on concurrent-chains schedules of reinforcement and the role of delay reduction in choice situations

Question 5

Which of the following is a generalized social reinforcer?

Accepted Answer

A)  Praise 
B)  Affection 
C)  Submissiveness by others 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Praise 
B)  Affection 
C)  Submissiveness by others 
D)  All of the above

Question 6

A ____ is the same as a multiple schedule but without discriminative stimuli.

Accepted Answer

A)  Mixed schedule of reinforcement 
B)  Tandem schedule of reinforcement 
C)  Second-order schedule 
D)  Backward chain schedule 
A)  Mixed schedule of reinforcement 
B)  Tandem schedule of reinforcement 
C)  Second-order schedule 
D)  Backward chain schedule

Question 7

The research on token reinforcement and chimpanzees shows that:

Accepted Answer

A)  Tokens can bridge the interval between earning and spending 
B)  Token reinforcement can maintain and train performance on discrimination tasks 
C)  Token and food reinforcement are similar in maintaining behavior 
D)  All of these 
A)  Tokens can bridge the interval between earning and spending 
B)  Token reinforcement can maintain and train performance on discrimination tasks 
C)  Token and food reinforcement are similar in maintaining behavior 
D)  All of these

Question 8

A rat that is trained on a tandem schedule with two FI 50-second schedules will likely show a cumulative record response pattern that looks like:

Accepted Answer

A)  The flat line associated with a VI 50-second schedule 
B)  The scallop for an FI 25-second schedule 
C)  The scallop for an FI 50-second schedule 
D)  The scallop for an FI 100-second schedule 
A)  The flat line associated with a VI 50-second schedule 
B)  The scallop for an FI 25-second schedule 
C)  The scallop for an FI 50-second schedule 
D)  The scallop for an FI 100-second schedule

Question 9

A ____ involves two (or more) schedules of reinforcement in which completion of the requirements of one schedule is reinforced according to the requirements of the other schedule.

Accepted Answer

A)  Tandem schedule 
B)  Backward chain schedule 
C)  Second-order schedule 
D)  Concurrent schedule 
A)  Tandem schedule 
B)  Backward chain schedule 
C)  Second-order schedule 
D)  Concurrent schedule

Question 10

In Fantino's delay-reduction hypothesis, T stands for:

Accepted Answer

A)  The average time in the initial link 
B)  The average time in the terminal link 
C)  The total average time between reinforcers 
D)  The decrease in time to reinforcement when the terminal link begins 
A)  The average time in the initial link 
B)  The average time in the terminal link 
C)  The total average time between reinforcers 
D)  The decrease in time to reinforcement when the terminal link begins

Question 11

Which of the following is not one of the three distinct components of a token schedule?

Accepted Answer

A)  token savings 
B)  token production 
C)  token exchange 
D)  exchange production 
A)  token savings 
B)  token production 
C)  token exchange 
D)  exchange production

Question 12

Which of the following is not a brain area that has been implicated in establishing the value of conditioned reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A)  Orbitofrontal cortex 
B)  Thalamus 
C)  Nucleus accumbens (NAc) 
D)  Basolateral amygdala 
A)  Orbitofrontal cortex 
B)  Thalamus 
C)  Nucleus accumbens (NAc) 
D)  Basolateral amygdala

Question 13

Baxter and Murray's (2002) research with marmoset monkeys found that an intact __________ is required for sensitivity to contingencies of conditioned reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A)  Orbitofrontal cortex 
B)  Prefrontal cortex 
C)  Basolateral amygdala 
D)  Nucleus accumbens 
A)  Orbitofrontal cortex 
B)  Prefrontal cortex 
C)  Basolateral amygdala 
D)  Nucleus accumbens

Question 14

According to Skinner (1953), a generalized conditioned reinforcer:

Accepted Answer

A)  Is not very useful because it relies on the momentary deprivation/satiation of the organism 
B)  Is produced by pairing a conditioned reinforcer with more than one unconditioned reinforcer 
C)  Is produced by backward chaining of the unconditioned and conditioned reinforcers 
D)  Is extremely useful because it can be carried around and made contingent on behavior 
A)  Is not very useful because it relies on the momentary deprivation/satiation of the organism 
B)  Is produced by pairing a conditioned reinforcer with more than one unconditioned reinforcer 
C)  Is produced by backward chaining of the unconditioned and conditioned reinforcers 
D)  Is extremely useful because it can be carried around and made contingent on behavior

Question 15

A chain schedule that requires a bird to first peck an illuminated key and then pull a rope in order to receive reinforcement would be called a ____________ chain.

Accepted Answer

A)  Disparate 
B)  Heterogeneous 
C)  Concurrent 
D)  Homogenous 
A)  Disparate 
B)  Heterogeneous 
C)  Concurrent 
D)  Homogenous

Question 16

Research conducted by Fantino and Case (1983) on stimuli linked to feedback found that a stimulus correlated with _____ did not maintain human observing, but one linked to ____ did.

Accepted Answer

A)  Good news; no news 
B)  No news; bad news 
C)  Reinforcement; punishment 
D)  Bad news; no news 
A)  Good news; no news 
B)  No news; bad news 
C)  Reinforcement; punishment 
D)  Bad news; no news

Question 17

In a _______, unconditioned reinforcement is programmed after completing two or more schedules, presented sequentially without discriminative stimuli.

Accepted Answer

A)  Chain schedule of reinforcement 
B)  Tandem schedule of reinforcement 
C)  Backward chain schedule of reinforcement 
D)  Multiple chain schedule of reinforcement 
A)  Chain schedule of reinforcement 
B)  Tandem schedule of reinforcement 
C)  Backward chain schedule of reinforcement 
D)  Multiple chain schedule of reinforcement

Question 18

In which of the following situations would we expect the least number of responses to the observing stimulus?

Accepted Answer

A)  Emitting the observing response produces a green light when reinforcement is available and a red light during extinction 
B)  Emitting the observing response produces a green light when reinforcement is available, but no change during extinction 
C)  Emitting the observing response produces a red light during extinction, but no change when reinforcement is available 
D)  All of the above present similar information and would produce roughly the same amount of observing behavior 
A)  Emitting the observing response produces a green light when reinforcement is available and a red light during extinction 
B)  Emitting the observing response produces a green light when reinforcement is available, but no change during extinction 
C)  Emitting the observing response produces a red light during extinction, but no change when reinforcement is available 
D)  All of the above present similar information and would produce roughly the same amount of observing behavior

Question 19

Researchers have found evidence that _____ is critical for conditioned reinforcement but not unconditioned reinforcement in primates.

Accepted Answer

A)  The frontal lobe 
B)  The cerebral cortex 
C)  The hypothalamus 
D)  The amygdala 
A)  The frontal lobe 
B)  The cerebral cortex 
C)  The hypothalamus 
D)  The amygdala

Question 20

In the laboratory, when a clicking sounds is followed by food, the clicking sound:

Accepted Answer

A)  Can become an enduring reinforcing stimulus 
B)  Takes on a conditioned reinforcement function 
C)  Usually supports an operant that produces it 
D)  Is characterized by all of the above 
A)  Can become an enduring reinforcing stimulus 
B)  Takes on a conditioned reinforcement function 
C)  Usually supports an operant that produces it 
D)  Is characterized by all of the above

The concurrent chains procedure allows researchers to examine:

Predict the percentage of times that you would expect a person to choose gas station A in the following: Gas station A is 5 minutes to the north and has an average wait time of 2 minutes for a pump while gas station B is 5 minutes to the south and has an average wait time of 4 minutes for a pump.

Attention from other people is usually reinforcing for children because:

The behavior analysis of booking a flight on Delta or American airlines illustrates:

Which of the following is a generalized social reinforcer?

A ____ is the same as a multiple schedule but without discriminative stimuli.

The research on token reinforcement and chimpanzees shows that:

A rat that is trained on a tandem schedule with two FI 50-second schedules will likely show a cumulative record response pattern that looks like:

A ____ involves two (or more) schedules of reinforcement in which completion of the requirements of one schedule is reinforced according to the requirements of the other schedule.

In Fantino's delay-reduction hypothesis, T stands for:

Which of the following is not one of the three distinct components of a token schedule?

Which of the following is not a brain area that has been implicated in establishing the value of conditioned reinforcement?

Baxter and Murray's (2002) research with marmoset monkeys found that an intact __________ is required for sensitivity to contingencies of conditioned reinforcement.

According to Skinner (1953), a generalized conditioned reinforcer:

A chain schedule that requires a bird to first peck an illuminated key and then pull a rope in order to receive reinforcement would be called a ____________ chain.

Research conducted by Fantino and Case (1983) on stimuli linked to feedback found that a stimulus correlated with _ did not maintain human observing, but one linked to did.

In a _______, unconditioned reinforcement is programmed after completing two or more schedules, presented sequentially without discriminative stimuli.

In which of the following situations would we expect the least number of responses to the observing stimulus?

Researchers have found evidence that _____ is critical for conditioned reinforcement but not unconditioned reinforcement in primates.

In the laboratory, when a clicking sounds is followed by food, the clicking sound:

A Science of Behavior: Perspective, History, and Assumptions

The Experimental Analysis of Behavior

Reflexive Behavior and Respondent Conditioning

Reinforcement and Extinction of Operant Behavior

Schedules of Reinforcement

Aversive Control of Behavior

Operantrespondent Interrelationships: the Biological Context of Conditioning

Stimulus Control

Choice and Preference

Correspondence Relations: Imitation and Rule-Governed Behavior

Verbal Behavior

Applied Behavior Analysis

Three Levels of Selection: Biology, Behavior, and Culture

Filters

Exam 10: Conditioned Reinforcement

The concurrent chains procedure allows researchers to examine:

Predict the percentage of times that you would expect a person to choose gas station A in the following: Gas station A is 5 minutes to the north and has an average wait time of 2 minutes for a pump while gas station B is 5 minutes to the south and has an average wait time of 4 minutes for a pump.

Attention from other people is usually reinforcing for children because:

The behavior analysis of booking a flight on Delta or American airlines illustrates:

Which of the following is a generalized social reinforcer?

A ____ is the same as a multiple schedule but without discriminative stimuli.

The research on token reinforcement and chimpanzees shows that:

A rat that is trained on a tandem schedule with two FI 50-second schedules will likely show a cumulative record response pattern that looks like:

A ____ involves two (or more) schedules of reinforcement in which completion of the requirements of one schedule is reinforced according to the requirements of the other schedule.

In Fantino's delay-reduction hypothesis, T stands for:

Which of the following is not one of the three distinct components of a token schedule?

Which of the following is not a brain area that has been implicated in establishing the value of conditioned reinforcement?

Baxter and Murray's (2002) research with marmoset monkeys found that an intact __________ is required for sensitivity to contingencies of conditioned reinforcement.

According to Skinner (1953), a generalized conditioned reinforcer:

A chain schedule that requires a bird to first peck an illuminated key and then pull a rope in order to receive reinforcement would be called a ____________ chain.

Research conducted by Fantino and Case (1983) on stimuli linked to feedback found that a stimulus correlated with _____ did not maintain human observing, but one linked to ____ did.

In a _______, unconditioned reinforcement is programmed after completing two or more schedules, presented sequentially without discriminative stimuli.

In which of the following situations would we expect the least number of responses to the observing stimulus?

Researchers have found evidence that _____ is critical for conditioned reinforcement but not unconditioned reinforcement in primates.

In the laboratory, when a clicking sounds is followed by food, the clicking sound:

A Science of Behavior: Perspective, History, and Assumptions

The Experimental Analysis of Behavior

Reflexive Behavior and Respondent Conditioning

Reinforcement and Extinction of Operant Behavior

Schedules of Reinforcement

Aversive Control of Behavior

Operantrespondent Interrelationships: the Biological Context of Conditioning

Stimulus Control

Choice and Preference

Correspondence Relations: Imitation and Rule-Governed Behavior

Verbal Behavior

Applied Behavior Analysis

Three Levels of Selection: Biology, Behavior, and Culture

Filters

Research conducted by Fantino and Case (1983) on stimuli linked to feedback found that a stimulus correlated with _ did not maintain human observing, but one linked to did.