Question 1

Who did NOT propose a stage theory related to child development?

Accepted Answer

A) Piaget 
B) Freud 
C) Erikson 
D) Darwin 
A) Piaget 
B) Freud 
C) Erikson 
D) Darwin

Question 2

Who bears the GREATEST responsibility for ensuring that children are unharmed when participating in psychological research?

Accepted Answer

A) government 
B) university at which the research is conducted 
C) individual researcher 
D) participants 
A) government 
B) university at which the research is conducted 
C) individual researcher 
D) participants

Question 3

Professor Stetson would like to examine whether children who are high math achievers have better memories than do low math achievers. Her research should utilize

Accepted Answer

A) a clinical interview. 
B) a laboratory experiment. 
C) a correlational design. 
D) random assignment. 
A) a clinical interview. 
B) a laboratory experiment. 
C) a correlational design. 
D) random assignment.

Question 4

Which statement about the study on the development of popularity discussed in the text is true?

Accepted Answer

A) The microgenetic design allowed for conclusions to be made about age-related changes in popularity. 
B) The cross-sectional design allowed for age-related differences among children in popularity to be examined. 
C) The longitudinal design allowed for the investigation of how changes in popularity occur. 
D) The longitudinal design allowed for the stability of individual differences to be examined. 
A) The microgenetic design allowed for conclusions to be made about age-related changes in popularity. 
B) The cross-sectional design allowed for age-related differences among children in popularity to be examined. 
C) The longitudinal design allowed for the investigation of how changes in popularity occur. 
D) The longitudinal design allowed for the stability of individual differences to be examined.

Question 5

The internal validity of a measure involves the extent to which

Accepted Answer

A) the effects of an experiment are truly due to conditions the researcher intended to manipulate. 
B) different observers of the same behaviour agree. 
C) the results of a study hold when studies are conducted with different participants and different methods. 
D) a participant's performance is similar on two or more occasions. 
A) the effects of an experiment are truly due to conditions the researcher intended to manipulate. 
B) different observers of the same behaviour agree. 
C) the results of a study hold when studies are conducted with different participants and different methods. 
D) a participant's performance is similar on two or more occasions.

Question 6

The possibility that the correlation between two variables may actually be the result of an additional unspecified attribute is referred to as the _____ problem.

Accepted Answer

A) insufficient-variable 
B) third-variable 
C) experimental-design 
D) direction-of-causation 
A) insufficient-variable 
B) third-variable 
C) experimental-design 
D) direction-of-causation

Question 7

The study of stable changes in gene expression that are mediated by the environment is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A) epigenetics. 
B) evolutionary psychology. 
C) neuroscience. 
D) genometrics. 
A) epigenetics. 
B) evolutionary psychology. 
C) neuroscience. 
D) genometrics.

Question 8

A town committee learns that there is a strong negative correlation between the number of millimetres of daily rainfall and the number of children who use the neighbourhood playgrounds each day. If the committee were to conclude that high rainfall is caused by children not using the playground, which type of problem would MOST likely be occurring?

Accepted Answer

A) third-variable 
B) direction-of-correlation 
C) direction-of-causation 
D) insufficient-knowledge 
A) third-variable 
B) direction-of-correlation 
C) direction-of-causation 
D) insufficient-knowledge

Question 9

According to the text, which is NOT an aspect related to child development that has been influenced by Darwin's work on evolution?

Accepted Answer

A) infant attachment 
B) gender identity 
C) innate fear 
D) learning 
A) infant attachment 
B) gender identity 
C) innate fear 
D) learning

Question 10

Which expression is MOST likely to represent the correlation between age of child and reading speed among children who are able to read?

Accepted Answer

A) 1.00 
B) 0.60 
C) 0 
D) -0.60 
A) 1.00 
B) 0.60 
C) 0 
D) -0.60

Question 11

Considering the research on preschoolers' ability to provide accurate testimony about past events, which piece of advice would be the MOST important for an interviewer to be told prior to interviewing a young child?

Accepted Answer

A) Bring a doll to aid the child in answering your questions. 
B) Make sure you know the answers to the questions before asking the child. 
C) If you do not think the child has answered a question accurately, ask the question again. 
D) Ask questions that will help children to testify accurately. 
A) Bring a doll to aid the child in answering your questions. 
B) Make sure you know the answers to the questions before asking the child. 
C) If you do not think the child has answered a question accurately, ask the question again. 
D) Ask questions that will help children to testify accurately.

Question 12

The text describes a study examining the link between sleeping with a nightlight in infancy and later developing nearsightedness. This study exhibited which type of problem?

Accepted Answer

A) negative-correlation 
B) third-variable 
C) causal-relationship 
D) direction-of-causation 
A) negative-correlation 
B) third-variable 
C) causal-relationship 
D) direction-of-causation

Question 13

Which statement qualifies as a hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A) Children whose parents argue in their presence are more likely than other children to try illegal drugs. 
B) Which parental behaviours are associated with an increased likelihood of teenage illegal drug use? 
C) What are the differences between children whose parents argue in their presence and those whose parents do not argue in their presence? 
D) There are many differences between children whose parents argue in their presence and those whose parents do not argue in their presence. 
A) Children whose parents argue in their presence are more likely than other children to try illegal drugs. 
B) Which parental behaviours are associated with an increased likelihood of teenage illegal drug use? 
C) What are the differences between children whose parents argue in their presence and those whose parents do not argue in their presence? 
D) There are many differences between children whose parents argue in their presence and those whose parents do not argue in their presence.

Question 14

Which activity is NOT a core component of effortful attention?

Accepted Answer

A) exerting effort on tasks 
B) controlling emotions 
C) focusing attention 
D) inhibiting impulses 
A) exerting effort on tasks 
B) controlling emotions 
C) focusing attention 
D) inhibiting impulses

Question 15

Which item is a potential source of internal invalidity?

Accepted Answer

A) passage of time 
B) inconsistent findings across different groups of participants 
C) observer disagreement 
D) conflicting scores on multiple test days 
A) passage of time 
B) inconsistent findings across different groups of participants 
C) observer disagreement 
D) conflicting scores on multiple test days

Question 16

Variables A and B are positively correlated, indicating that as the level of A _____, the level of B _____.

Accepted Answer

A) increases; decreases 
B) increases; stays the same 
C) decreases; decreases 
D) decreases; stays the same 
A) increases; decreases 
B) increases; stays the same 
C) decreases; decreases 
D) decreases; stays the same

Question 17

To examine the effect of empathy training on teenagers' bullying behaviours, a researcher splits a group of high school students into two groups through random assignment. Group A is shown a movie about an interesting science experiment, and group B is shown a movie about students being harmed by bullies. Group A would be the _____ group, and group B would be the _____ group.

Accepted Answer

A) dependent; independent 
B) independent; dependent 
C) control; experimental 
D) experimental; control 
A) dependent; independent 
B) independent; dependent 
C) control; experimental 
D) experimental; control

Question 18

What is the biochemical process that reduces expression of a variety of genes and is involved in regulating reactions to stress?

Accepted Answer

A) methylation 
B) meta-analysis 
C) genome 
D) nurture 
A) methylation 
B) meta-analysis 
C) genome 
D) nurture

Question 19

Which statement does NOT express a benefit of structured observation?

Accepted Answer

A) The researcher can design the context to elicit the behaviour of interest. 
B) Researchers are able to observe behaviours that occur only infrequently. 
C) Children feel comfortable in their own environment. 
D) All children are observed in the same situation. 
A) The researcher can design the context to elicit the behaviour of interest. 
B) Researchers are able to observe behaviours that occur only infrequently. 
C) Children feel comfortable in their own environment. 
D) All children are observed in the same situation.

Question 20

In which data-gathering method do researchers try to remain unobtrusive?

Accepted Answer

A) naturalistic interview 
B) structured interview 
C) naturalistic observation 
D) structured observation 
A) naturalistic interview 
B) structured interview 
C) naturalistic observation 
D) structured observation

Who did NOT propose a stage theory related to child development?

Who bears the GREATEST responsibility for ensuring that children are unharmed when participating in psychological research?

Professor Stetson would like to examine whether children who are high math achievers have better memories than do low math achievers. Her research should utilize

Which statement about the study on the development of popularity discussed in the text is true?

The internal validity of a measure involves the extent to which

The possibility that the correlation between two variables may actually be the result of an additional unspecified attribute is referred to as the _____ problem.

The study of stable changes in gene expression that are mediated by the environment is referred to as

According to the text, which is NOT an aspect related to child development that has been influenced by Darwin's work on evolution?

Which expression is MOST likely to represent the correlation between age of child and reading speed among children who are able to read?

Considering the research on preschoolers' ability to provide accurate testimony about past events, which piece of advice would be the MOST important for an interviewer to be told prior to interviewing a young child?

The text describes a study examining the link between sleeping with a nightlight in infancy and later developing nearsightedness. This study exhibited which type of problem?

Which statement qualifies as a hypothesis?

Which activity is NOT a core component of effortful attention?

Which item is a potential source of internal invalidity?

Variables A and B are positively correlated, indicating that as the level of A _, the level of B _.

What is the biochemical process that reduces expression of a variety of genes and is involved in regulating reactions to stress?

Which statement does NOT express a benefit of structured observation?

In which data-gathering method do researchers try to remain unobtrusive?

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Biology and Behavior

Theories of Cognitive Development

Perception, Action, and Learning in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Theories of Social Development

Emotional Development

Attachment to Others and Development of Self

The Family

Peer Relationships

Moral Development

Gender Development

Conclusions

Filters

Exam 1: An Introduction to Child Development

Who did NOT propose a stage theory related to child development?

Who bears the GREATEST responsibility for ensuring that children are unharmed when participating in psychological research?

Professor Stetson would like to examine whether children who are high math achievers have better memories than do low math achievers. Her research should utilize

Which statement about the study on the development of popularity discussed in the text is true?

The internal validity of a measure involves the extent to which

The possibility that the correlation between two variables may actually be the result of an additional unspecified attribute is referred to as the _____ problem.

The study of stable changes in gene expression that are mediated by the environment is referred to as

According to the text, which is NOT an aspect related to child development that has been influenced by Darwin's work on evolution?

Which expression is MOST likely to represent the correlation between age of child and reading speed among children who are able to read?

Considering the research on preschoolers' ability to provide accurate testimony about past events, which piece of advice would be the MOST important for an interviewer to be told prior to interviewing a young child?

The text describes a study examining the link between sleeping with a nightlight in infancy and later developing nearsightedness. This study exhibited which type of problem?

Which statement qualifies as a hypothesis?

Which activity is NOT a core component of effortful attention?

Which item is a potential source of internal invalidity?

Variables A and B are positively correlated, indicating that as the level of A _____, the level of B _____.

What is the biochemical process that reduces expression of a variety of genes and is involved in regulating reactions to stress?

Which statement does NOT express a benefit of structured observation?

In which data-gathering method do researchers try to remain unobtrusive?

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Biology and Behavior

Theories of Cognitive Development

Perception, Action, and Learning in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Theories of Social Development

Emotional Development

Attachment to Others and Development of Self

The Family

Peer Relationships

Moral Development

Gender Development

Conclusions

Filters

Variables A and B are positively correlated, indicating that as the level of A _, the level of B _.