Question 1

Which example illustrates discontinuity in development?

Accepted Answer

A) the transition from caterpillar to chrysalis to butterfly 
B) trees growing taller each year 
C) the blooming of flowers 
D) the cultivation of crops each fall 
A) the transition from caterpillar to chrysalis to butterfly 
B) trees growing taller each year 
C) the blooming of flowers 
D) the cultivation of crops each fall

Question 2

In the research by Blackwell, Trzeniewski, and Dweck described in the text, researchers created an educational program for low-income middle school students. The children who showed the MOST substantial improvement in math grades were those who initially believed that intelligence _____ and who were provided with information about how _____.

Accepted Answer

A) is an unchanging quantity; memory works 
B) is an unchanging quantity; learning alters the brain 
C) improves through learning; memory works 
D) improves through learning; learning alters the brain 
A) is an unchanging quantity; memory works 
B) is an unchanging quantity; learning alters the brain 
C) improves through learning; memory works 
D) improves through learning; learning alters the brain

Question 3

Which factor is an example of how children shape their own development?

Accepted Answer

A) play style 
B) socioeconomic status 
C) number of siblings 
D) all of these 
A) play style 
B) socioeconomic status 
C) number of siblings 
D) all of these

Question 4

A researcher would be MOST likely to use a cross-sectional design to examine which topic?

Accepted Answer

A) typical pattern of age-related changes in a particular skill 
B) pattern of stability and change in individual children's development in a particular area 
C) how change in a particular skill occurs 
D) how individual differences remain stable over long periods of time 
A) typical pattern of age-related changes in a particular skill 
B) pattern of stability and change in individual children's development in a particular area 
C) how change in a particular skill occurs 
D) how individual differences remain stable over long periods of time

Question 5

Variables U and W have a correlation of -0.86. If it is known that Keira has a low score on U, which statement would be the BEST prediction about her score on W?

Accepted Answer

A) Keira is likely to have a high score on W. 
B) Keira is likely to have a low score on W. 
C) Keira's score on W is likely to be higher than her score on U. 
D) Keira's score on W cannot be predicted from her score on U. 
A) Keira is likely to have a high score on W. 
B) Keira is likely to have a low score on W. 
C) Keira's score on W is likely to be higher than her score on U. 
D) Keira's score on W cannot be predicted from her score on U.

Question 6

Freud developed the _____ development.

Accepted Answer

A) psychosexual stages of 
B) psychosocial stages of 
C) theory of moral 
D) theory related to child cognitive 
A) psychosexual stages of 
B) psychosocial stages of 
C) theory of moral 
D) theory related to child cognitive

Question 7

Which statement describes the results of research by Dweck on children's beliefs about intelligence?

Accepted Answer

A) Children who believe that intelligence is a fixed entity are more likely than are other children to persist in the face of difficulty. 
B) Children who believe that intelligence can be increased by learning are more likely than are other children to say they are dumb when faced with a challenge. 
C) Children who believe that intelligence is a fixed entity are more likely than are other children to think that a very challenging problem is too hard for them. 
D) Children who believe that intelligence can be decreased are more likely than are other children to quit trying when faced with challenging tasks. 
A) Children who believe that intelligence is a fixed entity are more likely than are other children to persist in the face of difficulty. 
B) Children who believe that intelligence can be increased by learning are more likely than are other children to say they are dumb when faced with a challenge. 
C) Children who believe that intelligence is a fixed entity are more likely than are other children to think that a very challenging problem is too hard for them. 
D) Children who believe that intelligence can be decreased are more likely than are other children to quit trying when faced with challenging tasks.

Question 8

The accumulation of disadvantages over years of development is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A) methylation. 
B) genome. 
C) effortful attention. 
D) cumulative risk. 
A) methylation. 
B) genome. 
C) effortful attention. 
D) cumulative risk.

Question 9

Research has determined that this brain area is involved in emotional reactions.

Accepted Answer

A) amygdala 
B) hippocampus 
C) hypothalamus 
D) pons 
A) amygdala 
B) hippocampus 
C) hypothalamus 
D) pons

Question 10

A class of grade 3 children is split into two groups through random assignment. Group A is given training in a new game, and group B is not. Training in the new game is referred to as the _____ variable, and game-playing skill at the conclusion of the study is referred to as the _____ variable.

Accepted Answer

A) dependent; independent 
B) independent; dependent 
C) control; experimental 
D) experimental; control 
A) dependent; independent 
B) independent; dependent 
C) control; experimental 
D) experimental; control

Question 11

Third-variable problems are an issue with which type of research design?

Accepted Answer

A) correlational 
B) experimental 
C) cross-sectional 
D) longitudinal 
A) correlational 
B) experimental 
C) cross-sectional 
D) longitudinal

Question 12

Considering the long history of the issue of playing violent video games and child and adolescent aggression, what advice would you provide to parents?

Accepted Answer

Even though the issue of playing violent

Question 13

One of the earliest examples of research conducted for the benefit of children was

Accepted Answer

A) Watson's experiments on the effects of reward and punishment. 
B) the Earl of Shaftesbury's effort to reform child labour practices. 
C) Freud's dream analysis. 
D) Locke's advocacy of early discipline and later freedom. 
A) Watson's experiments on the effects of reward and punishment. 
B) the Earl of Shaftesbury's effort to reform child labour practices. 
C) Freud's dream analysis. 
D) Locke's advocacy of early discipline and later freedom.

Question 14

Which view of changes in height would lead to a view that height development is smooth and continuous?

Accepted Answer

A) view A: measuring the height of a boy at yearly intervals from birth to age 18 
B) view B: examining changes in height from one year to the next from birth to age 18 
C) Both view A and view B make changes in height look continuous. 
D) Both view A and view B make changes in height look discontinuous. 
A) view A: measuring the height of a boy at yearly intervals from birth to age 18 
B) view B: examining changes in height from one year to the next from birth to age 18 
C) Both view A and view B make changes in height look continuous. 
D) Both view A and view B make changes in height look discontinuous.

Question 15

External validity is an issue in which research design, due to repeatedly testing the same children?

Accepted Answer

A) microgenetic 
B) experimental 
C) cross-sectional 
D) longitudinal 
A) microgenetic 
B) experimental 
C) cross-sectional 
D) longitudinal

Question 16

Longitudinal design would be appropriate to examine

Accepted Answer

A) the typical pattern of age-related changes in a particular skill. 
B) the pattern of stability and change in individual children's development in a particular area. 
C) how change in a particular skill occurs. 
D) all of these. 
A) the typical pattern of age-related changes in a particular skill. 
B) the pattern of stability and change in individual children's development in a particular area. 
C) how change in a particular skill occurs. 
D) all of these.

Question 17

Which factor is NOT an enduring theme in the study of child development?

Accepted Answer

A) nature and nurture 
B) continuity and discontinuity 
C) stress and adaptation 
D) individual differences in development 
A) nature and nurture 
B) continuity and discontinuity 
C) stress and adaptation 
D) individual differences in development

Question 18

Recent research conducted by Ferguson (2015) and Furuya-Kanamori and Doi (2016) concluded what regarding the impact of playing violent video games on childhood and adolescent aggression?

Accepted Answer

A) Their results indicated a direct link between the two. 
B) They found that those who play fewer violent video games demonstrated increased prosocial behaviours. 
C) Their results were inconclusive. 
D) They concluded that the effect of playing violent video games on childhood and adolescent aggression were minimal. 
A) Their results indicated a direct link between the two. 
B) They found that those who play fewer violent video games demonstrated increased prosocial behaviours. 
C) Their results were inconclusive. 
D) They concluded that the effect of playing violent video games on childhood and adolescent aggression were minimal.

Question 19

One study discussed in the text demonstrated that infants with a particular form of one of the genes influencing production of neurotransmitters associated with effortful attention had lower effortful attention than other infants when they also were exposed to poor parenting. What principle is demonstrated by this study?

Accepted Answer

A) Environment plays a crucial role in the expression of genes. 
B) The expression of genes plays a crucial role in one's environment. 
C) Some genetic influences operate regardless of environment. 
D) Current research methods often do not allow researchers to separate the influences of genetics and environment. 
A) Environment plays a crucial role in the expression of genes. 
B) The expression of genes plays a crucial role in one's environment. 
C) Some genetic influences operate regardless of environment. 
D) Current research methods often do not allow researchers to separate the influences of genetics and environment.

Question 20

Which is a major group of contemporary philosophers and psychologists that argue for the importance and relevance of evolution in relation to human development?

Accepted Answer

A) nativists 
B) evolutionary psychologists 
C) empiricists 
D) Freudians 
A) nativists 
B) evolutionary psychologists 
C) empiricists 
D) Freudians

Which example illustrates discontinuity in development?

Which factor is an example of how children shape their own development?

A researcher would be MOST likely to use a cross-sectional design to examine which topic?

Variables U and W have a correlation of -0.86. If it is known that Keira has a low score on U, which statement would be the BEST prediction about her score on W?

Freud developed the _____ development.

Which statement describes the results of research by Dweck on children's beliefs about intelligence?

The accumulation of disadvantages over years of development is referred to as

Research has determined that this brain area is involved in emotional reactions.

A class of grade 3 children is split into two groups through random assignment. Group A is given training in a new game, and group B is not. Training in the new game is referred to as the _ variable, and game-playing skill at the conclusion of the study is referred to as the _ variable.

Third-variable problems are an issue with which type of research design?

Considering the long history of the issue of playing violent video games and child and adolescent aggression, what advice would you provide to parents?

One of the earliest examples of research conducted for the benefit of children was

Which view of changes in height would lead to a view that height development is smooth and continuous?

External validity is an issue in which research design, due to repeatedly testing the same children?

Longitudinal design would be appropriate to examine

Which factor is NOT an enduring theme in the study of child development?

Recent research conducted by Ferguson (2015) and Furuya-Kanamori and Doi (2016) concluded what regarding the impact of playing violent video games on childhood and adolescent aggression?

Which is a major group of contemporary philosophers and psychologists that argue for the importance and relevance of evolution in relation to human development?

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Biology and Behavior

Theories of Cognitive Development

Perception, Action, and Learning in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Theories of Social Development

Emotional Development

Attachment to Others and Development of Self

The Family

Peer Relationships

Moral Development

Gender Development

Conclusions

Filters

Exam 1: An Introduction to Child Development

Which example illustrates discontinuity in development?

Which factor is an example of how children shape their own development?

A researcher would be MOST likely to use a cross-sectional design to examine which topic?

Variables U and W have a correlation of -0.86. If it is known that Keira has a low score on U, which statement would be the BEST prediction about her score on W?

Freud developed the _____ development.

Which statement describes the results of research by Dweck on children's beliefs about intelligence?

The accumulation of disadvantages over years of development is referred to as

Research has determined that this brain area is involved in emotional reactions.

A class of grade 3 children is split into two groups through random assignment. Group A is given training in a new game, and group B is not. Training in the new game is referred to as the _____ variable, and game-playing skill at the conclusion of the study is referred to as the _____ variable.

Third-variable problems are an issue with which type of research design?

Considering the long history of the issue of playing violent video games and child and adolescent aggression, what advice would you provide to parents?

One of the earliest examples of research conducted for the benefit of children was

Which view of changes in height would lead to a view that height development is smooth and continuous?

External validity is an issue in which research design, due to repeatedly testing the same children?

Longitudinal design would be appropriate to examine

Which factor is NOT an enduring theme in the study of child development?

Recent research conducted by Ferguson (2015) and Furuya-Kanamori and Doi (2016) concluded what regarding the impact of playing violent video games on childhood and adolescent aggression?

Which is a major group of contemporary philosophers and psychologists that argue for the importance and relevance of evolution in relation to human development?

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Biology and Behavior

Theories of Cognitive Development

Perception, Action, and Learning in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Theories of Social Development

Emotional Development

Attachment to Others and Development of Self

The Family

Peer Relationships

Moral Development

Gender Development

Conclusions

Filters

A class of grade 3 children is split into two groups through random assignment. Group A is given training in a new game, and group B is not. Training in the new game is referred to as the _ variable, and game-playing skill at the conclusion of the study is referred to as the _ variable.