Question 1

Stimulation of the Golgi tendon organs result in which of the following changes in the reflex arc?

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulation of a stimulatory association neuron 
B)  stimulation of an inhibitory neuron 
C)  decreased action potentials in alpha motor neurons 
D)  contraction of skeletal muscle fibers 
E)  stimulation of an inhibitory neuron and decreased action potentials in alpha motor neurons 
A)  stimulation of a stimulatory association neuron 
B)  stimulation of an inhibitory neuron 
C)  decreased action potentials in alpha motor neurons 
D)  contraction of skeletal muscle fibers 
E)  stimulation of an inhibitory neuron and decreased action potentials in alpha motor neurons E

Question 2

Ventral rami of some spinal nerves join with each other to form a

Accepted Answer

A)  ganglion. 
B)  dermatome. 
C)  cord. 
D)  plexus. 
E)  nerve. 
A)  ganglion. 
B)  dermatome. 
C)  cord. 
D)  plexus. 
E)  nerve. D

Question 3

What structure anchors the thecal sac and conus medullaris to the coccyx?

Accepted Answer

A)  filum terminale 
B)  denticulate ligaments 
C)  pia mater 
D)  cauda equina 
A)  filum terminale 
B)  denticulate ligaments 
C)  pia mater 
D)  cauda equina A

Question 4

Reciprocal innervation

Accepted Answer

A)  is associated with the Golgi tendon reflex. 
B)  stimulates antagonistic muscles. 
C)  results in reduced resistance to the reflex. 
D)  reinforces the withdrawal reflex. 
E)  inhibits the stretch reflex. 
A)  is associated with the Golgi tendon reflex. 
B)  stimulates antagonistic muscles. 
C)  results in reduced resistance to the reflex. 
D)  reinforces the withdrawal reflex. 
E)  inhibits the stretch reflex.

Question 5

The sensory root of a spinal nerve is also referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  anterior root. 
B)  dorsal root. 
C)  efferent root. 
D)  ventral root. 
E)  lateral root. 
A)  anterior root. 
B)  dorsal root. 
C)  efferent root. 
D)  ventral root. 
E)  lateral root.

Question 6

If you pinch your index finger in a door, pain sensations are carried via the ____ nerve.

Accepted Answer

A)  radial 
B)  median 
C)  axillary 
D)  musculocutaneous 
E)  ulnar 
A)  radial 
B)  median 
C)  axillary 
D)  musculocutaneous 
E)  ulnar

Question 7

The conus medullaris

Accepted Answer

A)  anchors the spinal cord to the coccyx. 
B)  is a tapered, cone like region immediately inferior to the lumbar enlargement. 
C)  marks the exit of nerves to the upper extremity. 
D)  is located adjacent to the foramen magnum. 
E)  is inferior to the cauda equina. 
A)  anchors the spinal cord to the coccyx. 
B)  is a tapered, cone like region immediately inferior to the lumbar enlargement. 
C)  marks the exit of nerves to the upper extremity. 
D)  is located adjacent to the foramen magnum. 
E)  is inferior to the cauda equina.

Question 8

Match the disorder with its description.
-neuralgia

Accepted Answer

A) pain radiating down the back of the thigh and leg 
B) stiffness in the neck and headache 
C) inflammation of a nerve 
D) pain along a nerve tract 
E) loss of sensation 
A) pain radiating down the back of the thigh and leg 
B) stiffness in the neck and headache 
C) inflammation of a nerve 
D) pain along a nerve tract 
E) loss of sensation

Question 9

If the ventral root of a spinal nerve were cut, the regions innervated by that spinal nerve would experience complete loss of

Accepted Answer

A)  sensation. 
B)  movement. 
C)  sensation and movement. 
D)  pain. 
E)  None of these choices is correct. 
A)  sensation. 
B)  movement. 
C)  sensation and movement. 
D)  pain. 
E)  None of these choices is correct.

Question 10

The sac surrounding the spinal cord is the

Accepted Answer

A)  dural sac. 
B)  meningeal sac. 
C)  thecal sac. 
D)  epidural sac. 
A)  dural sac. 
B)  meningeal sac. 
C)  thecal sac. 
D)  epidural sac.

Question 11

There are ________ cervical spinal nerves.

Accepted Answer

A)  eight 
B)  twelve 
C)  six 
D)  five 
E)  fourteen 
A)  eight 
B)  twelve 
C)  six 
D)  five 
E)  fourteen

Question 12

Reflex arcs

Accepted Answer

A)  are capable of receiving a stimulus and yielding a response. 
B)  are the basic structural units of the nervous system. 
C)  occur primarily in the cerebral cortex of the brain. 
D)  involve inhibitory neurons. 
E)  do not involve the spinal cord. 
A)  are capable of receiving a stimulus and yielding a response. 
B)  are the basic structural units of the nervous system. 
C)  occur primarily in the cerebral cortex of the brain. 
D)  involve inhibitory neurons. 
E)  do not involve the spinal cord.

Question 13

Match the term with the correct definition.
-epidural space

Accepted Answer

A) functional unit of the nervous system 
B) most superficial and thickest meninx 
C) the middle meninx 
D) the meninx bound tightly to brain and spinal cord 
E) separates dura mater from periosteum 
A) functional unit of the nervous system 
B) most superficial and thickest meninx 
C) the middle meninx 
D) the meninx bound tightly to brain and spinal cord 
E) separates dura mater from periosteum

Question 14

The motor root of a spinal nerve is also referred to as the

Accepted Answer

A)  afferent root. 
B)  dorsal root. 
C)  posterior root. 
D)  ventral root. 
E)  sensory root. 
A)  afferent root. 
B)  dorsal root. 
C)  posterior root. 
D)  ventral root. 
E)  sensory root.

Question 15

If a person fell down the steps and then developed pain down his anterior thigh into the knee, which of the following spinal nerves was probably damaged?

Accepted Answer

A)  obturator 
B)  femoral 
C)  tibial 
D)  common fibular (peroneal) 
E)  pudendal 
A)  obturator 
B)  femoral 
C)  tibial 
D)  common fibular (peroneal) 
E)  pudendal

Question 16

The muscles of the back contract to straighten so that you sit at a more erect posture and subsequently the muscles are suddenly stretched as you nod off. Which of the following best represents the sequence of events when you start to nod off? (1) muscles of the back are stretched
(2) the muscle spindle is stretched
(3) action potentials in sensory neurons of the muscle spindles increase
(4) action potentials in alpha motor neurons of skeletal muscle fibers increase
(5) skeletal muscle of the back contract

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 2, 3, 4, 5 
B)  1, 5, 2, 3, 4 
C)  1, 5, 3, 2, 4 
D)  5, 2, 3, 4, 1 
E)  4, 5, 3, 2, 1 
A)  1, 2, 3, 4, 5 
B)  1, 5, 2, 3, 4 
C)  1, 5, 3, 2, 4 
D)  5, 2, 3, 4, 1 
E)  4, 5, 3, 2, 1

Question 17

Gamma motor neurons

Accepted Answer

A)  are located in tendons. 
B)  transmit action potentials to skeletal muscle. 
C)  regulate the sensitivity of the muscle spindle. 
D)  enable the brain to perceive that a muscle has been stretched. 
E)  innervate the whole muscle. 
A)  are located in tendons. 
B)  transmit action potentials to skeletal muscle. 
C)  regulate the sensitivity of the muscle spindle. 
D)  enable the brain to perceive that a muscle has been stretched. 
E)  innervate the whole muscle.

Question 18

Label component "B" on the reflex arc.

Accepted Answer

A)  sensory receptor 
B)  effector organ 
C)  sensory neuron 
D)  motor neuron 
E)  interneuron 
A)  sensory receptor 
B)  effector organ 
C)  sensory neuron 
D)  motor neuron 
E)  interneuron

Question 19

The thickest of the meninges is the

Accepted Answer

A)  pia mater. 
B)  arachnoid mater. 
C)  subdural space. 
D)  subarachnoid space. 
E)  dura mater. 
A)  pia mater. 
B)  arachnoid mater. 
C)  subdural space. 
D)  subarachnoid space. 
E)  dura mater.

Question 20

Sam is curling very heavy weights and suddenly drops them. Which reflex forced this action by Sam to prevent tendon damage?

Accepted Answer

A)  muscle spindle reflex 
B)  Golgi tendon reflex 
C)  gamma motor reflex 
D)  withdrawal reflex 
E)  alpha motor neuron reflex 
A)  muscle spindle reflex 
B)  Golgi tendon reflex 
C)  gamma motor reflex 
D)  withdrawal reflex 
E)  alpha motor neuron reflex

Exam 12: Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Stimulation of the Golgi tendon organs result in which of the following changes in the reflex arc?

Ventral rami of some spinal nerves join with each other to form a

What structure anchors the thecal sac and conus medullaris to the coccyx?

Reciprocal innervation

The sensory root of a spinal nerve is also referred to as

If you pinch your index finger in a door, pain sensations are carried via the ____ nerve.

The conus medullaris

Match the disorder with its description. -neuralgia

If the ventral root of a spinal nerve were cut, the regions innervated by that spinal nerve would experience complete loss of

The sac surrounding the spinal cord is the

There are ________ cervical spinal nerves.

Reflex arcs

Match the term with the correct definition. -epidural space

The motor root of a spinal nerve is also referred to as the

If a person fell down the steps and then developed pain down his anterior thigh into the knee, which of the following spinal nerves was probably damaged?

Gamma motor neurons

Label component "B" on the reflex arc.

The thickest of the meninges is the

Sam is curling very heavy weights and suddenly drops them. Which reflex forced this action by Sam to prevent tendon damage?

The Human Organism

The Chemical Basis of Life

Cell Biology

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy

Joints and Movement

Muscular System: Histology and Physiology

Muscular System: Gross Anatomy

Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

Brain and Cranial Nerves

Integration of Nervous System Functions

The Special Senses

Autonomic Nervous System

Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Endocrine Glands

Cardiovascular System: Blood

Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System and Immunity

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