Question 1

Action potentials are conducted more rapidly when transmission is

Accepted Answer

A)  from node to node on a myelinated axon. 
B)  on a small diameter axon. 
C)  on an unmyelinated axon. 
D)  from internode to internode. 
E)  from internode to node on a myelinated axon. 
A)  from node to node on a myelinated axon. 
B)  on a small diameter axon. 
C)  on an unmyelinated axon. 
D)  from internode to internode. 
E)  from internode to node on a myelinated axon. A

Question 2

Gray matter on the surface of the brain is/are called

Accepted Answer

A)  the cortex. 
B)  nuclei. 
C)  ganglia. 
D)  tracts. 
A)  the cortex. 
B)  nuclei. 
C)  ganglia. 
D)  tracts. A

Question 3

The autonomic nervous system

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulates skeletal muscle contractions. 
B)  has two sets of neurons in a series. 
C)  is involved in problem solving. 
D)  is under voluntary control. 
E)  does not include the central nervous system. 
A)  stimulates skeletal muscle contractions. 
B)  has two sets of neurons in a series. 
C)  is involved in problem solving. 
D)  is under voluntary control. 
E)  does not include the central nervous system. B

Question 4

Depolarization of the nerve cell membrane occurs when there is a rapid influx (inflow) of

Accepted Answer

A)  potassium ions. 
B)  chloride ions. 
C)  calcium ions. 
D)  sodium ions. 
E)  proteins. 
A)  potassium ions. 
B)  chloride ions. 
C)  calcium ions. 
D)  sodium ions. 
E)  proteins.

Question 5

Which of the following events is NOT a characteristic of an action potential?

Accepted Answer

A)  The plasma membrane becomes highly permeable to sodium ions and depolarization results. 
B)  As sodium ions enter, the inside of the plasma membrane becomes more negative. 
C)  At the peak of depolarization, sodium channels begin to close and potassium channels open. 
D)  In repolarization, potassium ions flow out of the cell. 
E)  Action potentials occur according to the all-or-none principle. 
A)  The plasma membrane becomes highly permeable to sodium ions and depolarization results. 
B)  As sodium ions enter, the inside of the plasma membrane becomes more negative. 
C)  At the peak of depolarization, sodium channels begin to close and potassium channels open. 
D)  In repolarization, potassium ions flow out of the cell. 
E)  Action potentials occur according to the all-or-none principle.

Question 6

Saltatory conduction of an action potential means that

Accepted Answer

A)  once one action potential is created, it moves down the axon. 
B)  the whole axon depolarizes at the same time. 
C)  one action potential stimulates the production of a new action potential at the adjacent site. 
D)  an action potential is conducted from one node of Ranvier to the next node. 
A)  once one action potential is created, it moves down the axon. 
B)  the whole axon depolarizes at the same time. 
C)  one action potential stimulates the production of a new action potential at the adjacent site. 
D)  an action potential is conducted from one node of Ranvier to the next node.

Question 7

Damage to a postsynaptic membrane would

Accepted Answer

A)  increase neurotransmitter release. 
B)  decrease the release of neurotransmitter. 
C)  increase neurotransmitter production. 
D)  interfere with the ability to respond to neurotransmitter. 
E)  destroy vesicles containing neurotransmitter. 
A)  increase neurotransmitter release. 
B)  decrease the release of neurotransmitter. 
C)  increase neurotransmitter production. 
D)  interfere with the ability to respond to neurotransmitter. 
E)  destroy vesicles containing neurotransmitter.

Question 8

Viagra is used to treat erectile dysfunction by prolonging the effects of _____ on blood vessels.

Accepted Answer

A)  substance P 
B)  dopamine 
C)  GABA 
D)  nitric oxide (NO) 
A)  substance P 
B)  dopamine 
C)  GABA 
D)  nitric oxide (NO)

Question 9

Match the neuroglial cell with its function.
-oligodendrocyte

Accepted Answer

A) influence function of blood-brain barrier 
B) macrophages in CNS 
C) produce cerebrospinal fluid 
D) form myelin sheath around axons in CNS 
E) form myelin sheath around part of the axon in the PNS 
A) influence function of blood-brain barrier 
B) macrophages in CNS 
C) produce cerebrospinal fluid 
D) form myelin sheath around axons in CNS 
E) form myelin sheath around part of the axon in the PNS

Question 10

Mr. Miller has been hospitalized for the flu. The flu virus increases membrane permeability to potassium. You would expect his cells to

Accepted Answer

A)  depolarize. 
B)  repolarize. 
C)  isopolarize. 
D)  hyperpolarize. 
E)  hypopolarize. 
A)  depolarize. 
B)  repolarize. 
C)  isopolarize. 
D)  hyperpolarize. 
E)  hypopolarize.

Question 11

Identify structure "B" on the neuron.

Accepted Answer

A)  Schwann cell 
B)  Node of Ranvier 
C)  neuron cell body (soma) 
D)  dendrites 
E)  axon 
A)  Schwann cell 
B)  Node of Ranvier 
C)  neuron cell body (soma) 
D)  dendrites 
E)  axon

Question 12

A local potential

Accepted Answer

A)  does not occur until threshold. 
B)  transmits information from one cell to another. 
C)  might be a depolarization event but cannot be a hyperpolarization event. 
D)  increases or decreases in direct proportion to the stimulus strength. 
E)  does not alter resting membrane potential. 
A)  does not occur until threshold. 
B)  transmits information from one cell to another. 
C)  might be a depolarization event but cannot be a hyperpolarization event. 
D)  increases or decreases in direct proportion to the stimulus strength. 
E)  does not alter resting membrane potential.

Question 13

A decrease in the number of voltage-gated Ca2+ ion channels in the presynaptic terminal would

Accepted Answer

A)  enhance transmission across the synapse. 
B)  reduce or inhibit transmission across the synapse. 
C)  have no effect on transmission across the synapse. 
D)  alter receptors on the postsynaptic membrane. 
E)  increase exocytosis. 
A)  enhance transmission across the synapse. 
B)  reduce or inhibit transmission across the synapse. 
C)  have no effect on transmission across the synapse. 
D)  alter receptors on the postsynaptic membrane. 
E)  increase exocytosis.

Question 14

Continuous conduction of an action potential means that

Accepted Answer

A)  once one action potential is created, it moves down the axon. 
B)  the whole axon depolarizes at the same time. 
C)  one action potential stimulates the production of a new action potential at the adjacent site. 
D)  an action potential is conducted from one node of Ranvier to the next node. 
A)  once one action potential is created, it moves down the axon. 
B)  the whole axon depolarizes at the same time. 
C)  one action potential stimulates the production of a new action potential at the adjacent site. 
D)  an action potential is conducted from one node of Ranvier to the next node.

Question 15

If five action potentials arrive at the same synapse in very close succession, which of the following would occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  The direction of the action potential is reversed. 
B)  Temporal summation occurs. 
C)  Spatial summation occurs. 
D)  Hyperpolarization occurs. 
E)  Depolarization always occurs. 
A)  The direction of the action potential is reversed. 
B)  Temporal summation occurs. 
C)  Spatial summation occurs. 
D)  Hyperpolarization occurs. 
E)  Depolarization always occurs.

Question 16

Identify structure "C" on the neuron.

Accepted Answer

A)  Schwann cell 
B)  Node of Ranvier 
C)  neuron cell body (soma) 
D)  dendrites 
E)  axon 
A)  Schwann cell 
B)  Node of Ranvier 
C)  neuron cell body (soma) 
D)  dendrites 
E)  axon

Question 17

Arrange the events of synaptic transmission in correct sequence. (1) sodium ions diffuse into the cell and cause a local potential
(2) neurotransmitter binds with receptor on postsynaptic cell
(3) neurotransmitter diffuses across the synaptic cleft
(4) membrane permeability to sodium ions on postsynaptic cell increases
(5) action potential causes release of neurotransmitter

Accepted Answer

A)  5, 2, 3, 4, 1 
B)  5, 2, 3, 1, 4 
C)  5, 3, 4, 1, 2 
D)  5, 4, 3, 2, 1 
E)  5, 3, 2, 4, 1 
A)  5, 2, 3, 4, 1 
B)  5, 2, 3, 1, 4 
C)  5, 3, 4, 1, 2 
D)  5, 4, 3, 2, 1 
E)  5, 3, 2, 4, 1

Question 18

Action potentials at a chemical synapse

Accepted Answer

A)  travel from presynaptic terminal to postsynaptic membrane. 
B)  travel from postsynaptic membrane to presynaptic terminal. 
C)  travel back and forth from presynaptic terminal to postsynaptic membrane. 
D)  travel from presynaptic terminal to presynaptic membrane. 
E)  stop at the presynaptic terminal and are regenerated on the postsynaptic membrane. 
A)  travel from presynaptic terminal to postsynaptic membrane. 
B)  travel from postsynaptic membrane to presynaptic terminal. 
C)  travel back and forth from presynaptic terminal to postsynaptic membrane. 
D)  travel from presynaptic terminal to presynaptic membrane. 
E)  stop at the presynaptic terminal and are regenerated on the postsynaptic membrane.

Question 19

Suppose both excitatory and inhibitory neurons synapse with a single postsynaptic neuron. What determines if an action potential is initiated in the postsynaptic neuron?

Accepted Answer

A)  the kind of neuron involved 
B)  the size of the neuron involved 
C)  whether the neuron is myelinated or non-myelinated 
D)  the number of EPSPs in relation to the number of IPSPs 
E)  This situation is not possible in humans. 
A)  the kind of neuron involved 
B)  the size of the neuron involved 
C)  whether the neuron is myelinated or non-myelinated 
D)  the number of EPSPs in relation to the number of IPSPs 
E)  This situation is not possible in humans.

Question 20

Match the term with the correct definition.
-Action Potential

Accepted Answer

A) a small change in the resting membrane potential confined to a small area 
B) a charge difference across the plasma membrane when the cell is in an unstimulated state 
C) a larger change in resting membrane potential that spreads over entire surface of a cell 
D) membrane becomes more positive when sodium ions diffuse into cell 
E) return to the resting membrane potential 
A) a small change in the resting membrane potential confined to a small area 
B) a charge difference across the plasma membrane when the cell is in an unstimulated state 
C) a larger change in resting membrane potential that spreads over entire surface of a cell 
D) membrane becomes more positive when sodium ions diffuse into cell 
E) return to the resting membrane potential

Exam 11: Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

Action potentials are conducted more rapidly when transmission is

Gray matter on the surface of the brain is/are called

The autonomic nervous system

Depolarization of the nerve cell membrane occurs when there is a rapid influx (inflow) of

Which of the following events is NOT a characteristic of an action potential?

Saltatory conduction of an action potential means that

Damage to a postsynaptic membrane would

Viagra is used to treat erectile dysfunction by prolonging the effects of _____ on blood vessels.

Match the neuroglial cell with its function. -oligodendrocyte

Mr. Miller has been hospitalized for the flu. The flu virus increases membrane permeability to potassium. You would expect his cells to

Identify structure "B" on the neuron.

A local potential

A decrease in the number of voltage-gated Ca2+ ion channels in the presynaptic terminal would

Continuous conduction of an action potential means that

If five action potentials arrive at the same synapse in very close succession, which of the following would occur?

Identify structure "C" on the neuron.

Action potentials at a chemical synapse

Suppose both excitatory and inhibitory neurons synapse with a single postsynaptic neuron. What determines if an action potential is initiated in the postsynaptic neuron?

Match the term with the correct definition. -Action Potential

The Human Organism

The Chemical Basis of Life

Cell Biology

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy

Joints and Movement

Muscular System: Histology and Physiology

Muscular System: Gross Anatomy

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Brain and Cranial Nerves

Integration of Nervous System Functions

The Special Senses

Autonomic Nervous System

Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Endocrine Glands

Cardiovascular System: Blood

Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Nutrition, Metabolism, and Temperature Regulation

Urinary System

Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Based Balance

Reproductive System

Development, Growth, Aging, and Genetics

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A decrease in the number of voltage-gated Ca²⁺ ion channels in the presynaptic terminal would