Question 1

How does the muscular system contribute to osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  blood clotting starts repair process 
B)  inadequate amounts of calcium and vitamin D in the diet 
C)  calcitonin is used to treat osteoporosis 
D)  pain following injury helps prevent further injury 
E)  lack of exercise reduces muscle stress on bone 
A)  blood clotting starts repair process 
B)  inadequate amounts of calcium and vitamin D in the diet 
C)  calcitonin is used to treat osteoporosis 
D)  pain following injury helps prevent further injury 
E)  lack of exercise reduces muscle stress on bone E

Question 2

What does structure "B" represent on the bone diagram?

Accepted Answer

A)  epiphyseal lines 
B)  epiphysis 
C)  cancellous bone 
D)  articular cartilage 
E)  diaphysis 
A)  epiphyseal lines 
B)  epiphysis 
C)  cancellous bone 
D)  articular cartilage 
E)  diaphysis B

Question 3

Osteoclasts and osteoblasts that travel through or across the bone surface removing and replacing old bone matrix are collectively called a(n) _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  callus multicellular unit 
B)  osteon 
C)  osteogenic repair unit 
D)  basic multicellular unit 
E)  bone reformation unit 
A)  callus multicellular unit 
B)  osteon 
C)  osteogenic repair unit 
D)  basic multicellular unit 
E)  bone reformation unit D

Question 4

Which of the following is associated with osteoclast reabsorption of bone?

Accepted Answer

A)  Osteoblasts form collagen and proteoglycans. 
B)  Blood calcium is decreased. 
C)  Ca2+ is actively transported from blood to bone matrix. 
D)  Hydrogen ions form an acid environment in bone matrix. 
E)  The protein components of bone matrix are synthesized. 
A)  Osteoblasts form collagen and proteoglycans. 
B)  Blood calcium is decreased. 
C)  Ca2+ is actively transported from blood to bone matrix. 
D)  Hydrogen ions form an acid environment in bone matrix. 
E)  The protein components of bone matrix are synthesized.

Question 5

A young boy (10 years old) exhibited the following symptoms: advanced development of secondary sexual characteristics and rapid growth. Which of the following caused his condition?

Accepted Answer

A)  hyposecretion of estrogen 
B)  hypersecretion of vitamin D 
C)  hypersecretion of testosterone 
D)  hypersecretion of growth hormone 
E)  hypersecretion of estrogen 
A)  hyposecretion of estrogen 
B)  hypersecretion of vitamin D 
C)  hypersecretion of testosterone 
D)  hypersecretion of growth hormone 
E)  hypersecretion of estrogen

Question 6

How does the reproductive system contribute to osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Calcium ions released from the bones are excreted. 
B)  Immune cells resist infections and release chemicals that promote tissue repair. 
C)  Decreased estrogen levels following menopause contribute to the disease. 
D)  Lack of exposure to sunlight reduces vitamin D production and decreases calcium absorption. 
E)  Excessive smoking lowers estrogen levels, which increases bone loss. 
A)  Calcium ions released from the bones are excreted. 
B)  Immune cells resist infections and release chemicals that promote tissue repair. 
C)  Decreased estrogen levels following menopause contribute to the disease. 
D)  Lack of exposure to sunlight reduces vitamin D production and decreases calcium absorption. 
E)  Excessive smoking lowers estrogen levels, which increases bone loss.

Question 7

An example of a long bone would be

Accepted Answer

A)  the sternum. 
B)  the tibia. 
C)  a rib. 
D)  the clavicle. 
E)  a carpal bone. 
A)  the sternum. 
B)  the tibia. 
C)  a rib. 
D)  the clavicle. 
E)  a carpal bone.

Question 8

Bone formation associated with cartilage is called ______ ossification while bone formed in connective tissue membranes is called _____ ossification.

Accepted Answer

A)  woven, spongy 
B)  spongy, woven 
C)  intramembranous; endochondral 
D)  endochondral; intramembranous 
A)  woven, spongy 
B)  spongy, woven 
C)  intramembranous; endochondral 
D)  endochondral; intramembranous

Question 9

What chemical causes an increase in the blood calcium level?

Accepted Answer

A)  growth hormone 
B)  vitamin D 
C)  sex hormones 
D)  calcitonin 
E)  parathyroid hormone 
A)  growth hormone 
B)  vitamin D 
C)  sex hormones 
D)  calcitonin 
E)  parathyroid hormone

Question 10

Which of the following is mismatched?

Accepted Answer

A)  vitamin C - necessary for collagen synthesis 
B)  vitamin D - obtained by synthesis or ingestion 
C)  parathyroid hormone - increases calcium loss in the kidneys 
D)  vitamin D - aids calcium absorption 
E)  sex hormones - cause spurt of growth at puberty 
A)  vitamin C - necessary for collagen synthesis 
B)  vitamin D - obtained by synthesis or ingestion 
C)  parathyroid hormone - increases calcium loss in the kidneys 
D)  vitamin D - aids calcium absorption 
E)  sex hormones - cause spurt of growth at puberty

Question 11

What is the site of longitudinal growth in long bones?

Accepted Answer

A)  epiphyseal plate 
B)  epiphysis 
C)  medullary cavity 
D)  Sharpey's fibers 
E)  endosteum 
A)  epiphyseal plate 
B)  epiphysis 
C)  medullary cavity 
D)  Sharpey's fibers 
E)  endosteum

Question 12

The stem cells of osteoblasts and chondroblasts are

Accepted Answer

A)  monocytes. 
B)  chondrocytes. 
C)  osteocytes. 
D)  osteoclasts. 
E)  osteochondral progenitor cells. 
A)  monocytes. 
B)  chondrocytes. 
C)  osteocytes. 
D)  osteoclasts. 
E)  osteochondral progenitor cells.

Question 13

What chemical stimulates interstitial cartilage and appositional bone growth?

Accepted Answer

A)  sex hormones 
B)  growth hormone 
C)  calcitonin 
D)  parathyroid hormone 
E)  vitamin D 
A)  sex hormones 
B)  growth hormone 
C)  calcitonin 
D)  parathyroid hormone 
E)  vitamin D

Question 14

The primary mineral in bone is

Accepted Answer

A)  iron. 
B)  sodium. 
C)  potassium. 
D)  calcium. 
E)  oxygen. 
A)  iron. 
B)  sodium. 
C)  potassium. 
D)  calcium. 
E)  oxygen.

Question 15

These are blood vessels that carry blood from the medullary cavity and periosteum to the osteon and run perpendicular to the long axis of the bone.

Accepted Answer

A)  Haversian canals 
B)  lamellar canals 
C)  Volkmann canals 
D)  osteochondral canals 
E)  Sharpey's canals 
A)  Haversian canals 
B)  lamellar canals 
C)  Volkmann canals 
D)  osteochondral canals 
E)  Sharpey's canals

Question 16

What chemical ingested or synthesized by the body is necessary for calcium absorption from the intestines?

Accepted Answer

A)  growth hormone 
B)  calcitonin 
C)  parathyroid hormone 
D)  vitamin D 
E)  sex hormones 
A)  growth hormone 
B)  calcitonin 
C)  parathyroid hormone 
D)  vitamin D 
E)  sex hormones

Question 17

Which type of bone appears porous?

Accepted Answer

A)  spongy bone 
B)  compact bone 
C)  both spongy and compact 
A)  spongy bone 
B)  compact bone 
C)  both spongy and compact

Question 18

A bone fracture in which the two bone sections do not separate is a(an)

Accepted Answer

A)  closed fracture. 
B)  hairline fracture. 
C)  open fracture. 
D)  impaction fracture. 
E)  comminuted fracture. 
A)  closed fracture. 
B)  hairline fracture. 
C)  open fracture. 
D)  impaction fracture. 
E)  comminuted fracture.

Question 19

Ligaments attach

Accepted Answer

A)  muscle to bone. 
B)  nerve to muscle. 
C)  bone to bone. 
D)  muscle to muscle. 
E)  nerve to bone. 
A)  muscle to bone. 
B)  nerve to muscle. 
C)  bone to bone. 
D)  muscle to muscle. 
E)  nerve to bone.

Question 20

The spaces between developing skull bones that have not ossified are called

Accepted Answer

A)  epiphyseal plates. 
B)  bone collars. 
C)  articular cartilages. 
D)  fontanels. 
E)  medullary cavities. 
A)  epiphyseal plates. 
B)  bone collars. 
C)  articular cartilages. 
D)  fontanels. 
E)  medullary cavities.

Exam 6: Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

How does the muscular system contribute to osteoporosis?

What does structure "B" represent on the bone diagram?

Osteoclasts and osteoblasts that travel through or across the bone surface removing and replacing old bone matrix are collectively called a(n) _____.

Which of the following is associated with osteoclast reabsorption of bone?

A young boy (10 years old) exhibited the following symptoms: advanced development of secondary sexual characteristics and rapid growth. Which of the following caused his condition?

How does the reproductive system contribute to osteoporosis?

An example of a long bone would be

Bone formation associated with cartilage is called ______ ossification while bone formed in connective tissue membranes is called _____ ossification.

What chemical causes an increase in the blood calcium level?

Which of the following is mismatched?

What is the site of longitudinal growth in long bones?

The stem cells of osteoblasts and chondroblasts are

What chemical stimulates interstitial cartilage and appositional bone growth?

The primary mineral in bone is

These are blood vessels that carry blood from the medullary cavity and periosteum to the osteon and run perpendicular to the long axis of the bone.

What chemical ingested or synthesized by the body is necessary for calcium absorption from the intestines?

Which type of bone appears porous?

A bone fracture in which the two bone sections do not separate is a(an)

Ligaments attach

The spaces between developing skull bones that have not ossified are called

The Human Organism

The Chemical Basis of Life

Cell Biology

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy

Joints and Movement

Muscular System: Histology and Physiology

Muscular System: Gross Anatomy

Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Brain and Cranial Nerves

Integration of Nervous System Functions

The Special Senses

Autonomic Nervous System

Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Endocrine Glands

Cardiovascular System: Blood

Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Nutrition, Metabolism, and Temperature Regulation

Urinary System

Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Based Balance

Reproductive System

Development, Growth, Aging, and Genetics

Filters

Bone formation associated with cartilage is called __ ossification while bone formed in connective tissue membranes is called _ ossification.