Question 1

Phosphodiesterase functions

Accepted Answer

A)  as a membrane-bound receptor molecule. 
B)  to inactivate cyclic AMP. 
C)  to attach phosphate groups to enzymes. 
D)  to combine GTP with cyclic AMP. 
E)  activates cGMP. 
A)  as a membrane-bound receptor molecule. 
B)  to inactivate cyclic AMP. 
C)  to attach phosphate groups to enzymes. 
D)  to combine GTP with cyclic AMP. 
E)  activates cGMP. B

Question 2

Which of the following statements regarding hormone transport and distribution is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Only free hormones can diffuse through capillary walls and bind to target tissues. 
B)  Hormones can be transported free in the plasma or bound to plasma proteins. 
C)  Plasma protein concentration has no influence on free hormone concentration. 
D)  Hormones bind only to certain types of plasma proteins. 
E)  All of the statements are true. 
A)  Only free hormones can diffuse through capillary walls and bind to target tissues. 
B)  Hormones can be transported free in the plasma or bound to plasma proteins. 
C)  Plasma protein concentration has no influence on free hormone concentration. 
D)  Hormones bind only to certain types of plasma proteins. 
E)  All of the statements are true. C

Question 3

Match the description with the type of receptor model.
-messenger RNA synthesis regulated

Accepted Answer

A) nuclear receptor model 
B) membrane-bound receptor model 
A) nuclear receptor model 
B) membrane-bound receptor model A

Question 4

In general, lipid-soluble hormones exhibit which type(s) of hormone secretion pattern(s)?

Accepted Answer

A)  chronic hormone secretion 
B)  chronic and acute hormone secretion 
C)  acute and episodic hormone secretion 
D)  episodic hormone secretion 
E)  chronic and episodic hormone secretion 
A)  chronic hormone secretion 
B)  chronic and acute hormone secretion 
C)  acute and episodic hormone secretion 
D)  episodic hormone secretion 
E)  chronic and episodic hormone secretion

Question 5

Increased testosterone levels reduce the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone from the anterior pituitary. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  inhibition of hormone release by humoral stimuli 
B)  inhibition of hormone release by neural stimuli 
C)  inhibition of hormone release by external stimuli 
D)  inhibition of hormonal release by environmental stimuli 
E)  inhibition of hormone release by hormonal stimuli 
A)  inhibition of hormone release by humoral stimuli 
B)  inhibition of hormone release by neural stimuli 
C)  inhibition of hormone release by external stimuli 
D)  inhibition of hormonal release by environmental stimuli 
E)  inhibition of hormone release by hormonal stimuli

Question 6

What type of chemical messenger is released from neurons to activate an adjacent cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  paracrine 
B)  neurotransmitter 
C)  autocrine 
D)  endocrine 
A)  paracrine 
B)  neurotransmitter 
C)  autocrine 
D)  endocrine

Question 7

In general, the response of target cells to endocrine stimulation is _______ than their response to nervous stimulation.

Accepted Answer

A)  faster and briefer 
B)  slower and more prolonged 
C)  more accurate 
D)  more restricted to a small area of the body 
E)  more intense 
A)  faster and briefer 
B)  slower and more prolonged 
C)  more accurate 
D)  more restricted to a small area of the body 
E)  more intense

Question 8

Hormones act on specific tissues called _______ tissues.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Hormones act on specific tissues called _______...

Question 9

Match the chemical signal with the appropriate description.
-neurotransmitter

Accepted Answer

A) chemicals produced by neurons that function as hormones 
B) chemicals that act locally on nearby cells 
C) chemical secreted by presynaptic terminal 
D) influences same cell type from which it is secreted 
E) chemical secreted into blood by specialized cells; travels some distance to target tissues 
A) chemicals produced by neurons that function as hormones 
B) chemicals that act locally on nearby cells 
C) chemical secreted by presynaptic terminal 
D) influences same cell type from which it is secreted 
E) chemical secreted into blood by specialized cells; travels some distance to target tissues

Question 10

How do hormones and target cells recognize one another?

Accepted Answer

A)  by signs 
B)  by the location of the target cells 
C)  by the presence of specific receptor molecules on the target cells 
D)  by the function of the target cells 
E)  by the location of the hormones 
A)  by signs 
B)  by the location of the target cells 
C)  by the presence of specific receptor molecules on the target cells 
D)  by the function of the target cells 
E)  by the location of the hormones

Question 11

Blood chemistry changes are examples of ______ stimuli, whereas sympathetic nervous system impulses are examples of _______ stimuli for hormone release.

Accepted Answer

A)  neural; humoral 
B)  positive; negative 
C)  Negative; positive 
D)  humoral; neural 
A)  neural; humoral 
B)  positive; negative 
C)  Negative; positive 
D)  humoral; neural

Question 12

Match the description with the type of receptor model.
-cyclic AMP or cyclic GMP involved

Accepted Answer

A) nuclear receptor model 
B) membrane-bound receptor model 
A) nuclear receptor model 
B) membrane-bound receptor model

Question 13

Steroid hormones

Accepted Answer

A)  bind to membrane receptors. 
B)  diffuse easily through the plasma membrane. 
C)  act by activating cAMP. 
D)  are inactivated by phosphodiesterase. 
E)  are water soluble. 
A)  bind to membrane receptors. 
B)  diffuse easily through the plasma membrane. 
C)  act by activating cAMP. 
D)  are inactivated by phosphodiesterase. 
E)  are water soluble.

Question 14

Match the description with the type of receptor model.
-used by most lipid-soluble hormones

Accepted Answer

A) nuclear receptor model 
B) membrane-bound receptor model 
A) nuclear receptor model 
B) membrane-bound receptor model

Question 15

Most endocrine glands communicate with their target tissues using _____ signals.

Accepted Answer

A)  frequency-modulated 
B)  amplitude-modulated 
C)  pitch-modulated 
D)  resonance-modulated 
A)  frequency-modulated 
B)  amplitude-modulated 
C)  pitch-modulated 
D)  resonance-modulated

Question 16

Emily is in labor with her first child. The amplitude-modulated system would show her oxytocin levels

Accepted Answer

A)  to have a weak signal. 
B)  to have a moderate signal. 
C)  to have a strong signal. 
D)  too weak to measure. 
A)  to have a weak signal. 
B)  to have a moderate signal. 
C)  to have a strong signal. 
D)  too weak to measure.

Question 17

All of the following are reasons why some hormones need assistance to travel in the blood except

Accepted Answer

A)  They are small enough to be easily digested by blood enzymes. 
B)  They are easily filtered from the blood into the kidney tubules. 
C)  They have low solubility in blood plasma due to their chemical nature. 
D)  They cannot dissolve in the blood because they are water-soluble. 
A)  They are small enough to be easily digested by blood enzymes. 
B)  They are easily filtered from the blood into the kidney tubules. 
C)  They have low solubility in blood plasma due to their chemical nature. 
D)  They cannot dissolve in the blood because they are water-soluble.

Question 18

What type of hormone-receptor action allows insulin to move glucose into cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  activation of cGMP 
B)  activation of adenylate cyclase 
C)  direct alteration of intracellular enzymes 
D)  phosphorylation of intracellular proteins 
A)  activation of cGMP 
B)  activation of adenylate cyclase 
C)  direct alteration of intracellular enzymes 
D)  phosphorylation of intracellular proteins

Question 19

Match the chemical signal with the appropriate description.
-neuropeptide

Accepted Answer

A) chemicals produced by neurons that function as hormones 
B) chemicals that act locally on nearby cells 
C) chemical secreted by presynaptic terminal 
D) influences same cell type from which it is secreted 
E) chemical secreted into blood by specialized cells; travels some distance to target tissues 
A) chemicals produced by neurons that function as hormones 
B) chemicals that act locally on nearby cells 
C) chemical secreted by presynaptic terminal 
D) influences same cell type from which it is secreted 
E) chemical secreted into blood by specialized cells; travels some distance to target tissues

Question 20

Which intracellular mediator is directly activated by the binding of a water-soluble hormone to a membrane receptor?

Accepted Answer

A)  cGMP 
B)  cAMP 
C)  calmodulin 
D)  phospholipase C 
A)  cGMP 
B)  cAMP 
C)  calmodulin 
D)  phospholipase C

Exam 17: Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Phosphodiesterase functions

Which of the following statements regarding hormone transport and distribution is FALSE?

Match the description with the type of receptor model. -messenger RNA synthesis regulated

In general, lipid-soluble hormones exhibit which type(s) of hormone secretion pattern(s)?

Increased testosterone levels reduce the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone from the anterior pituitary. This is an example of

What type of chemical messenger is released from neurons to activate an adjacent cell?

In general, the response of target cells to endocrine stimulation is _______ than their response to nervous stimulation.

Hormones act on specific tissues called _______ tissues.

Match the chemical signal with the appropriate description. -neurotransmitter

How do hormones and target cells recognize one another?

Blood chemistry changes are examples of ______ stimuli, whereas sympathetic nervous system impulses are examples of _______ stimuli for hormone release.

Match the description with the type of receptor model. -cyclic AMP or cyclic GMP involved

Steroid hormones

Match the description with the type of receptor model. -used by most lipid-soluble hormones

Most endocrine glands communicate with their target tissues using _____ signals.

Emily is in labor with her first child. The amplitude-modulated system would show her oxytocin levels

All of the following are reasons why some hormones need assistance to travel in the blood except

What type of hormone-receptor action allows insulin to move glucose into cells?

Match the chemical signal with the appropriate description. -neuropeptide

Which intracellular mediator is directly activated by the binding of a water-soluble hormone to a membrane receptor?

The Human Organism

The Chemical Basis of Life

Cell Biology

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy

Joints and Movement

Muscular System: Histology and Physiology

Muscular System: Gross Anatomy

Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Brain and Cranial Nerves

Integration of Nervous System Functions

The Special Senses

Autonomic Nervous System

Endocrine Glands

Cardiovascular System: Blood

Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Nutrition, Metabolism, and Temperature Regulation

Urinary System

Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Based Balance

Reproductive System

Development, Growth, Aging, and Genetics

Filters

Blood chemistry changes are examples of stimuli, whereas sympathetic nervous system impulses are examples of _ stimuli for hormone release.