Exam 12: Nutrients Involved in Bone Health

The RDA for vitamin D is set based on the assumption that the individual does not get enough sun. Do you agree or disagree with this decision? Justify your response including information regarding vitamin D production by the body.

Formed in our bones, hydroxyapatite crystals are mineral complexes comprised of calcium and:

Which of the following hormones are released when blood calcium levels fall?

Mineral makes up approximately what percentage of bone?

Who is at most risk for vitamin D deficiency?

Aisha is a 21 year-old, long-distance runner. She is underweight and has stopped menstruating. Her total energy intake is 500 kilocalories below her recommended intake. Her average calcium intake is 800 mg/day and her average vitamin D intake is 5 ug/day. Aisha also has lactose intolerance. Provide a likely explanation for why Aisha is no longer menstruating. Explain how this can impact her long-term bone health. Provide Aisha with some dietary suggestions to improve her nutrient intakes. Include a discussion on the bioavailability of nutrients in your dietary recommendations. If Aisha were to consider supplements, which would be the best choice?

The minerals that form bone are collectively called:

The kidneys are important for regulating the body's phosphorous levels. Individuals with kidney disease can end up with high phosphate levels in the blood. In this case, the doctor may recommend a low phosphorous diet. Which of the following would an individual trying to consume a diet low in phosphorus avoid?

Which of the following individuals is at the lowest risk for osteoporosis?

Vitamin K serves as a(n)________ to various enzymes involved in the coagulation of blood.

Approximately one in three Canadian women will develop osteoporosis as compared to one in five men. Provide some possible explanations as to why there is a gender difference in osteoporosis rates?

Cheryl is a 40-year-old inactive female. Which of the following BEST describes the state of her bones?

A T-score between -1 and 1 on a DEXA signifies:

Which of the following nutrients increases the absorption rate of calcium?

Emma is a four-year-old girl whose mother is very concerned about the risk of skin cancer. She always ensures that Emma is well protected from the sun when she takes her outside. Protecting the skin from ultra violet rays is important; however, what disease is Emma at an increased risk for if her skin is never exposed to sunlight?

Compare and contrast cortical bone and trabecular bone.

Colby is a four-year-old boy who loves to brush his teeth because of the bubble gum flavoured, fluoride-containing toothpaste his mom buys. He often tries to eat large amounts of the toothpaste before bed. Should his mother discourage this habit? Why or why not?

Which of the following is true concerning calcium?

Assuming equal serving sizes, which of the following foods would be the poorest source of calcium?

Which organ is responsible for converting calcidiol to calcitriol?