Exam 12: Nutrients Involved in Bone Health

Vitamin D toxicity is associated with:

When does bone growth and modeling start?

Which organic protein is responsible for the bone matrix that hydroxyapatite binds to?

Mary is 60 years old and at risk for osteoporosis. Which of the following dietary supplements would be the MOST helpful to minimize bone loss?

Shawn is a 32-year-old male who is consuming 450 mg of magnesium every day from a diet high in whole grains, seeds, nuts, and legumes. Are changes to his magnesium intake necessary? Why or why not?

Vitamin K's primary role in the body is:

________ refers to the two-step process in which bone tissue is recycled.

Eighty percent of bone is made up of:

At the drug store, a customer asks you to help them figure out which vitamin D supplement they need. Their doctor has told them to buy a supplement providing 1 000 International Units of vitamin D but all of the supplement bottles have the amounts listed in micrograms. How many micrograms does the customer need to equal 1 000 International Units?

Individuals who undergo a form of weight-loss surgery called a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass have a reduction in calcium absorption and an increase in markers of bone resorption. What effect would this have on their bone density? Consider the role of calcium in the body in your response.

What is the primary reason osteoporosis incidence in the Canada is expected to increase?

You have recently been to a natural science museum and observed several skeletons. Explain how your bones would differ from the skeletons. Why are those differences important? Consider the functions of bone in your response.

Vitamin K is absorbed from the intestines and is transported by the ________ along with triglycerides.

How can we increase our absorption of dietary magnesium?

Newborn infants receive a single injection of vitamin K at birth due to the fact that:

Your grandma has just returned from the clinic with the results of her dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)scan. Her T-score was -2.4. She is confused as she does not know what the T-score is and what the number means. How would you explain her results to her?

In which phase of the life cycle is bone loss the greatest?

Beverly is a 75-year-old female who has had two bone fractures in the past 9 months due to falls. Which of the following tests would the doctor order to get an accurate assessment of her bone health?

Bone cells that are responsible for resorption of bone tissue are called:

Your mother is concerned about her bone mineral density and is considering using hormone replacement therapy. Outline the risks and benefits of hormone replacement therapy to help her make an informed decision.