Question 1

In 1948, Oscar Osorio overthrew Hernández Martínez and inaugurated a

Accepted Answer

A)  modest program of state-sponsored import substitution industrialization. 
B)  revolutionary reorganization of Salvadoran society that empowered workers and peasants. 
C)  neoliberal agenda that stressed privatization of national resources and free trade. 
D)  communist dictatorship that collectivized land and abolished trade unions. 
A)  modest program of state-sponsored import substitution industrialization. 
B)  revolutionary reorganization of Salvadoran society that empowered workers and peasants. 
C)  neoliberal agenda that stressed privatization of national resources and free trade. 
D)  communist dictatorship that collectivized land and abolished trade unions.

Question 2

The reforms initiated by Juan José Arévalo included all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  an ambitious social welfare program calling for school, hospital, and housing construction. 
B)  the abolition of all forms of forced labor and the enfranchisement of literate women. 
C)  a labor code guaranteeing workers the right to social security and collective bargaining. 
D)  the confiscation of UFCO lands and their redistribution to landless peasants. 
A)  an ambitious social welfare program calling for school, hospital, and housing construction. 
B)  the abolition of all forms of forced labor and the enfranchisement of literate women. 
C)  a labor code guaranteeing workers the right to social security and collective bargaining. 
D)  the confiscation of UFCO lands and their redistribution to landless peasants.

Question 3

Sandinista ideology may perhaps be best defined as

Accepted Answer

A)  a mix of Marxism and progressive Catholic thought. 
B)  a Marxist-Leninist doctrine with a thinly disguised pretense of pluralism. 
C)  a Christian socialist body of thought. 
D)  a populist ideology with no well-defined characteristics. 
A)  a mix of Marxism and progressive Catholic thought. 
B)  a Marxist-Leninist doctrine with a thinly disguised pretense of pluralism. 
C)  a Christian socialist body of thought. 
D)  a populist ideology with no well-defined characteristics.

Question 4

The 1972 earthquake was pivotal in the growth of democratic opposition to Somoza because

Accepted Answer

A)  the dictator alienated former business allies by shamelessly pocketing international aid. 
B)  his failure to reconstruct businesses and houses of his staunchest supporters angered them. 
C)  his enemies siphoned off much of the international aid that later flowed into Nicaragua. 
D)  the United States abandoned its support due to his corrupt management of international aid. 
A)  the dictator alienated former business allies by shamelessly pocketing international aid. 
B)  his failure to reconstruct businesses and houses of his staunchest supporters angered them. 
C)  his enemies siphoned off much of the international aid that later flowed into Nicaragua. 
D)  the United States abandoned its support due to his corrupt management of international aid.

Question 5

Anastasio Somoza García, the first of a family dynasty of dictators in Nicaragua, was a

Accepted Answer

A)  Liberal leader who demanded the elimination of the National Guard. 
B)  firm opponent of the United States and refused to accept a U.S.-sponsored peace treaty. 
C)  heavy handed dictator, but always supported the United States. 
D)  strong supporter of import substitution industrialization to develop the nation's economy. 
A)  Liberal leader who demanded the elimination of the National Guard. 
B)  firm opponent of the United States and refused to accept a U.S.-sponsored peace treaty. 
C)  heavy handed dictator, but always supported the United States. 
D)  strong supporter of import substitution industrialization to develop the nation's economy.

Question 6

Sandino's guerrilla struggle against the U.S. Marines and the Nicaraguan National Guard

Accepted Answer

A)  ended in his defeat and surrender. 
B)  proved that a popular guerrilla army could resist a technologically superior invader. 
C)  was not inspired by any vision of social and economic change. 
D)  ended with his acceptance of a U.S. plan calling for a U.S.-supervised election. 
A)  ended in his defeat and surrender. 
B)  proved that a popular guerrilla army could resist a technologically superior invader. 
C)  was not inspired by any vision of social and economic change. 
D)  ended with his acceptance of a U.S. plan calling for a U.S.-supervised election.

Question 7

How did successive U.S. interventions in Nicaraguan affairs during the 20th century affect Nicaraguan national development?

Accepted Answer

Successive U.S. interventions in Nicarag

Question 8

What were the policies pursued by Arévalo and Arbenz and how did they compare or contrast to those proposed by the Sandinistas in Nicaragua and the FMLN in El Salvador?

Accepted Answer

Arévalo and Arbenz, who were both presid

Question 9

Which of the following does not describe the United Fruit Company (UFCO)?

Accepted Answer

A)  It marketed the indigo and cochineal produced by thousands of small farmers. 
B)  It acquired monopolistic control over land transport in Guatemala. 
C)  It exercised virtual ownership of the major Atlantic port of Puerto Barrios. 
D)  It acquired vast banana lands on very favorable terms from the Guatemalan government. 
A)  It marketed the indigo and cochineal produced by thousands of small farmers. 
B)  It acquired monopolistic control over land transport in Guatemala. 
C)  It exercised virtual ownership of the major Atlantic port of Puerto Barrios. 
D)  It acquired vast banana lands on very favorable terms from the Guatemalan government.

Question 10

How did women variously participate in the revolutionary struggles in Guatemala, Nicaragua, and El Salvador, and how did their demands affect the state's role in national economic development?

Accepted Answer

In Guatemala, Nicaragua, and El Salvador

Question 11

Which of the following was not a legacy of the Salvadoran Revolution?

Accepted Answer

A)  It demilitarized Salvadoran society and created political space for popular mobilization. 
B)  It depleted the male labor force and expanded women's participation in the wage economy. 
C)  It facilitated a new feminist consciousness that sought freedom from patriarchy. 
D)  It radically redistributed property and transformed capitalist labor relations. 
A)  It demilitarized Salvadoran society and created political space for popular mobilization. 
B)  It depleted the male labor force and expanded women's participation in the wage economy. 
C)  It facilitated a new feminist consciousness that sought freedom from patriarchy. 
D)  It radically redistributed property and transformed capitalist labor relations.

Question 12

A crucial event in the history of El Salvador was

Accepted Answer

A)  the election of 1930. 
B)  the peasant uprising of 1932. 
C)  the Soccer war between El Salvador and Honduras. 
D)  the formation of the Central American Common Market. 
A)  the election of 1930. 
B)  the peasant uprising of 1932. 
C)  the Soccer war between El Salvador and Honduras. 
D)  the formation of the Central American Common Market.

Question 13

During the Arévalo government, urban middle-class ladina women

Accepted Answer

A)  were largely ignored as Arévalo's programs stressed class rather than gender equality. 
B)  opposed the Arévalo reform program because it threatened the rights of private property. 
C)  organized to support the Catholic Church, which Arévalo's reforms targeted. 
D)  played an influential role, agitating for women's rights and leading literacy crusades. 
A)  were largely ignored as Arévalo's programs stressed class rather than gender equality. 
B)  opposed the Arévalo reform program because it threatened the rights of private property. 
C)  organized to support the Catholic Church, which Arévalo's reforms targeted. 
D)  played an influential role, agitating for women's rights and leading literacy crusades.

Question 14

A major objective of the Guatemalan Revolution of 1944 was to

Accepted Answer

A)  create a Central American federal union headed by Guatemala. 
B)  transform Guatemala into a socialist nation on the model of the Soviet Union. 
C)  transform Guatemala's backward feudal economy into a modern capitalist nation. 
D)  liquidate the monopolistic economic power of the United Fruit Company. 
A)  create a Central American federal union headed by Guatemala. 
B)  transform Guatemala into a socialist nation on the model of the Soviet Union. 
C)  transform Guatemala's backward feudal economy into a modern capitalist nation. 
D)  liquidate the monopolistic economic power of the United Fruit Company.

In 1948, Oscar Osorio overthrew Hernández Martínez and inaugurated a

The reforms initiated by Juan José Arévalo included all of the following except

Sandinista ideology may perhaps be best defined as

The 1972 earthquake was pivotal in the growth of democratic opposition to Somoza because

Anastasio Somoza García, the first of a family dynasty of dictators in Nicaragua, was a

Sandino's guerrilla struggle against the U.S. Marines and the Nicaraguan National Guard

How did successive U.S. interventions in Nicaraguan affairs during the 20th century affect Nicaraguan national development?

What were the policies pursued by Arévalo and Arbenz and how did they compare or contrast to those proposed by the Sandinistas in Nicaragua and the FMLN in El Salvador?

Which of the following does not describe the United Fruit Company (UFCO)?

How did women variously participate in the revolutionary struggles in Guatemala, Nicaragua, and El Salvador, and how did their demands affect the state's role in national economic development?

Which of the following was not a legacy of the Salvadoran Revolution?

A crucial event in the history of El Salvador was

During the Arévalo government, urban middle-class ladina women

A major objective of the Guatemalan Revolution of 1944 was to

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Forging a New Nation: the Mexican Revolution and the Populist Challenge

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Cuba: The Revolutionary Socialist Alternative to Populism

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Exam 10: Twilight of the Tyrants: Revolution and Prolonged Popular War in Central America

In 1948, Oscar Osorio overthrew Hernández Martínez and inaugurated a

The reforms initiated by Juan José Arévalo included all of the following except

Sandinista ideology may perhaps be best defined as

The 1972 earthquake was pivotal in the growth of democratic opposition to Somoza because

Anastasio Somoza García, the first of a family dynasty of dictators in Nicaragua, was a

Sandino's guerrilla struggle against the U.S. Marines and the Nicaraguan National Guard

How did successive U.S. interventions in Nicaraguan affairs during the 20th century affect Nicaraguan national development?

What were the policies pursued by Arévalo and Arbenz and how did they compare or contrast to those proposed by the Sandinistas in Nicaragua and the FMLN in El Salvador?

Which of the following does not describe the United Fruit Company (UFCO)?

How did women variously participate in the revolutionary struggles in Guatemala, Nicaragua, and El Salvador, and how did their demands affect the state's role in national economic development?

Which of the following was not a legacy of the Salvadoran Revolution?

A crucial event in the history of El Salvador was

During the Arévalo government, urban middle-class ladina women

A major objective of the Guatemalan Revolution of 1944 was to

Decolonization and the Search for National Identities, 1821-1870

Race, Nation, and the Meaning of Freedom, 1821-1888

The Triumph of Neocolonialism and the Liberal State, 1870-1900

Forging a New Nation: the Mexican Revolution and the Populist Challenge

Brazil: Populism and the Struggle for Democracy in a Multiracial Society

Argentina: Populism, the Military, and the Struggle for Democracy

Cuba: The Revolutionary Socialist Alternative to Populism

Storm Over the Andes: Indigenous Rights and the Corporatist Military Alternative

Chile: The Democratic Socialist Alternative

Lands of Bolívar: Military Crisis, State Repression, and Popular Democracy

Deconstructing the State: Dictatorship and Neoliberal Markets

Transcending Neoliberalism: Electoral Engaños and Popular Resistance to the Dictatorship of Markets

The Two Americas: United States-Latin American Relations

Filters