Question 1

The Bolivian land reform of 1952

Accepted Answer

A)  usually parceled out the former latifundio into very small farms. 
B)  established a system of cooperative and state farms. 
C)  gave massive aid in credit and technical assistance to the new peasant proprietors. 
D)  allowed expropriated landowners to retain 25 percent of their land. 
A)  usually parceled out the former latifundio into very small farms. 
B)  established a system of cooperative and state farms. 
C)  gave massive aid in credit and technical assistance to the new peasant proprietors. 
D)  allowed expropriated landowners to retain 25 percent of their land.

Question 2

The Barzolas were a Bolivian

Accepted Answer

A)  middle-class movement that supported peaceful, non-violent resistance to dictatorship. 
B)  political organization of highland indigenous communities who defended ancestral lands. 
C)  female secret police, named for a woman miner killed in the Cataví massacre. 
D)  trade union organization that demanded higher wages and better working conditions. 
A)  middle-class movement that supported peaceful, non-violent resistance to dictatorship. 
B)  political organization of highland indigenous communities who defended ancestral lands. 
C)  female secret police, named for a woman miner killed in the Cataví massacre. 
D)  trade union organization that demanded higher wages and better working conditions.

Question 3

As the reformist Velasco dictatorship crumbled, chicha artists

Accepted Answer

A)  became less politically engaged and, instead, stressed ballads about unrequited love. 
B)  rushed to defend a military regime that had celebrated indigenous cultural traditions. 
C)  abandoned their interest in indigenous cultural traditions and celebrated modernity. 
D)  provided cultural space to organize popular resistance and promote a return to democracy. 
A)  became less politically engaged and, instead, stressed ballads about unrequited love. 
B)  rushed to defend a military regime that had celebrated indigenous cultural traditions. 
C)  abandoned their interest in indigenous cultural traditions and celebrated modernity. 
D)  provided cultural space to organize popular resistance and promote a return to democracy.

Question 4

The caciques apoderados was an early 20th century social movement composed of

Accepted Answer

A)  middle-class women who brandished weapons to intimidate government officials. 
B)  armed indigenous people who defended communal lands against expanding haciendas. 
C)  militant mineworkers who demanded higher wages and safer working conditions. 
D)  communist revolutionaries who collectivized private lands in the hands of the state. 
A)  middle-class women who brandished weapons to intimidate government officials. 
B)  armed indigenous people who defended communal lands against expanding haciendas. 
C)  militant mineworkers who demanded higher wages and safer working conditions. 
D)  communist revolutionaries who collectivized private lands in the hands of the state.

Question 5

Central to the Ecuadorian reform program of Jaime Roldós in 1979 was

Accepted Answer

A)  construction of a major road to Ecuador's Amazonian region. 
B)  the recovery of Amazonian territory lost to Peru. 
C)  the use of Ecuador's oil earnings to further land reform and industrialization. 
D)  closer, more cooperative ties with the United States. 
A)  construction of a major road to Ecuador's Amazonian region. 
B)  the recovery of Amazonian territory lost to Peru. 
C)  the use of Ecuador's oil earnings to further land reform and industrialization. 
D)  closer, more cooperative ties with the United States.

Question 6

In the 1970s, government plays incorporated elements of indigenous Andean theater to

Accepted Answer

A)  entertain urban elites who scorned indigenous culture and mocked their life styles. 
B)  convince indigenous peoples that they should obey the large landlords. 
C)  educate indigenous people about the 1969 land reform and their right to fight for their land. 
D)  secure the political support of provincianos for the 1968 revolution. 
A)  entertain urban elites who scorned indigenous culture and mocked their life styles. 
B)  convince indigenous peoples that they should obey the large landlords. 
C)  educate indigenous people about the 1969 land reform and their right to fight for their land. 
D)  secure the political support of provincianos for the 1968 revolution.

Question 7

Ecuador's 1972 military revolution was led by

Accepted Answer

A)  José María Velasco Ibarra. 
B)  Jaime Roldós. 
C)  Lucio Gutiérrez. 
D)  Guillermo Rodríguez Lara. 
A)  José María Velasco Ibarra. 
B)  Jaime Roldós. 
C)  Lucio Gutiérrez. 
D)  Guillermo Rodríguez Lara.

Question 8

During the Leguía dictatorship, the women's movement split along class lines with

Accepted Answer

A)  Magda Portal and other radicals demanding the vote for literate women. 
B)  aristocratic women supporting enfranchisement of literate women. 
C)  aristocratic women and women of color joining forces against working class women. 
D)  middle-class women insisting on political rights and broader social reforms. 
A)  Magda Portal and other radicals demanding the vote for literate women. 
B)  aristocratic women supporting enfranchisement of literate women. 
C)  aristocratic women and women of color joining forces against working class women. 
D)  middle-class women insisting on political rights and broader social reforms.

Question 9

The Sendero Luminoso drew much of its ideology from

Accepted Answer

A)  Haya de la Torre. 
B)  Marx and Engels. 
C)  Mao Tse-tung. 
D)  the theology of liberation. 
A)  Haya de la Torre. 
B)  Marx and Engels. 
C)  Mao Tse-tung. 
D)  the theology of liberation.

Question 10

Indigenous migration from highland communities to cities created a new class of

Accepted Answer

A)  provincianos who publicly assimilated into criollo culture but privately preserved indigenous traditions. 
B)  mestizos who scorned rural life styles ridiculed their racial origins. 
C)  low-wage workers who labored in dangerous sweatshops owned by foreign corporations. 
D)  upwardly mobile professionals who operated small businesses. 
A)  provincianos who publicly assimilated into criollo culture but privately preserved indigenous traditions. 
B)  mestizos who scorned rural life styles ridiculed their racial origins. 
C)  low-wage workers who labored in dangerous sweatshops owned by foreign corporations. 
D)  upwardly mobile professionals who operated small businesses.

The Bolivian land reform of 1952

The Barzolas were a Bolivian

As the reformist Velasco dictatorship crumbled, chicha artists

The caciques apoderados was an early 20^th century social movement composed of

Central to the Ecuadorian reform program of Jaime Roldós in 1979 was

In the 1970s, government plays incorporated elements of indigenous Andean theater to

Ecuador's 1972 military revolution was led by

During the Leguía dictatorship, the women's movement split along class lines with

The Sendero Luminoso drew much of its ideology from

Indigenous migration from highland communities to cities created a new class of

Decolonization and the Search for National Identities, 1821-1870

Race, Nation, and the Meaning of Freedom, 1821-1888

The Triumph of Neocolonialism and the Liberal State, 1870-1900

Forging a New Nation: the Mexican Revolution and the Populist Challenge

Brazil: Populism and the Struggle for Democracy in a Multiracial Society

Argentina: Populism, the Military, and the Struggle for Democracy

Cuba: The Revolutionary Socialist Alternative to Populism

Chile: The Democratic Socialist Alternative

Twilight of the Tyrants: Revolution and Prolonged Popular War in Central America

Lands of Bolívar: Military Crisis, State Repression, and Popular Democracy

Deconstructing the State: Dictatorship and Neoliberal Markets

Transcending Neoliberalism: Electoral Engaños and Popular Resistance to the Dictatorship of Markets

The Two Americas: United States-Latin American Relations

Filters

Exam 8: Storm Over the Andes: Indigenous Rights and the Corporatist Military Alternative

The Bolivian land reform of 1952

The Barzolas were a Bolivian

As the reformist Velasco dictatorship crumbled, chicha artists

The caciques apoderados was an early 20th century social movement composed of

Central to the Ecuadorian reform program of Jaime Roldós in 1979 was

In the 1970s, government plays incorporated elements of indigenous Andean theater to

Ecuador's 1972 military revolution was led by

During the Leguía dictatorship, the women's movement split along class lines with

The Sendero Luminoso drew much of its ideology from

Indigenous migration from highland communities to cities created a new class of

Decolonization and the Search for National Identities, 1821-1870

Race, Nation, and the Meaning of Freedom, 1821-1888

The Triumph of Neocolonialism and the Liberal State, 1870-1900

Forging a New Nation: the Mexican Revolution and the Populist Challenge

Brazil: Populism and the Struggle for Democracy in a Multiracial Society

Argentina: Populism, the Military, and the Struggle for Democracy

Cuba: The Revolutionary Socialist Alternative to Populism

Chile: The Democratic Socialist Alternative

Twilight of the Tyrants: Revolution and Prolonged Popular War in Central America

Lands of Bolívar: Military Crisis, State Repression, and Popular Democracy

Deconstructing the State: Dictatorship and Neoliberal Markets

Transcending Neoliberalism: Electoral Engaños and Popular Resistance to the Dictatorship of Markets

The Two Americas: United States-Latin American Relations

Filters

The caciques apoderados was an early 20^th century social movement composed of