Question 1

The adage "birds of a feather flock together" is used in the text as a way of illustrating which source of knowledge

Accepted Answer

A) common sense 
B) experience 
C) authority 
D) tradition 
A) common sense 
B) experience 
C) authority 
D) tradition A

Question 2

Which of the following statements most clearly represents an effort at a nomothetic explanation

Accepted Answer

A) a study attempting to show whether all juveniles who shoplift have a weak attachment to their parents. 
B) a case study of the life of one juvenile who shoplifts. 
C) a study attempting to identify all of the factors that influenced one individual to shoplift. 
D) a study that seeks a complete description of the social circumstances of a single shoplifter. 
A) a study attempting to show whether all juveniles who shoplift have a weak attachment to their parents. 
B) a case study of the life of one juvenile who shoplifts. 
C) a study attempting to identify all of the factors that influenced one individual to shoplift. 
D) a study that seeks a complete description of the social circumstances of a single shoplifter. A

Question 3

In the process of theory verification in research, _______________ is analogous to _______________ in the process of theory verification in practice.

Accepted Answer

A) research findings...theory 
B) theory...intervention plan 
C) intervention plan...observations 
D) observation...intervention 
A) research findings...theory 
B) theory...intervention plan 
C) intervention plan...observations 
D) observation...intervention D

Question 4

The major difference between personal theories and scientific theories is that scientific theories:

Accepted Answer

A) are not tentative. 
B) are accurate interpretations of reality. 
C) are based on casual observation. 
D) are more precise, detailed, and explicit. 
A) are not tentative. 
B) are accurate interpretations of reality. 
C) are based on casual observation. 
D) are more precise, detailed, and explicit.

Question 5

Regarding nomothetic and idiographic explanations in science, the text concludes that:

Accepted Answer

A) idiographic explanations are outdated. 
B) nomothetic explanations are better at identifying the totality of causes at work in a situation. 
C) both are equally useful for generalizing to large populations. 
D) neither is inherently better than the other and each provides a valuable, though incomplete, route to gaining knowledge. 
A) idiographic explanations are outdated. 
B) nomothetic explanations are better at identifying the totality of causes at work in a situation. 
C) both are equally useful for generalizing to large populations. 
D) neither is inherently better than the other and each provides a valuable, though incomplete, route to gaining knowledge.

Question 6

Theories serve as a guide for research in that:

Accepted Answer

A) you cannot conduct research without the direction of a theory. 
B) theories focus research attention on certain phenomena as being relevant to the issues of concern. 
C) theories tell you what kind of research design would be most appropriate for a given study. 
D) theories tell you whether unwarranted biases have been introduced into the research process. 
A) you cannot conduct research without the direction of a theory. 
B) theories focus research attention on certain phenomena as being relevant to the issues of concern. 
C) theories tell you what kind of research design would be most appropriate for a given study. 
D) theories tell you whether unwarranted biases have been introduced into the research process.

Question 7

Compare and contrast the positivist and nonpositivist paradigms in science.

Accepted Answer

The positivist and nonpositivist paradig

Question 8

Compare and contrast journalism and science as ways of gaining knowledge about the world. How are they similar to one another and how are they different

Accepted Answer

Journalism and science are both methods

Question 9

The interpretive paradigm in the social sciences would be most clearly consistent with which statement

Accepted Answer

A) scientists merely discover what exists in the world 
B) true understanding is gained through abstract explanation 
C) scientists help to create social reality through their scientific work 
D) structures of oppression exist objectively, even if people don't recognize their existence 
A) scientists merely discover what exists in the world 
B) true understanding is gained through abstract explanation 
C) scientists help to create social reality through their scientific work 
D) structures of oppression exist objectively, even if people don't recognize their existence

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT one of the distinguishing characteristics of science listed in the text

Accepted Answer

A) empirical 
B) provisional 
C) objectivity 
D) evaluation 
A) empirical 
B) provisional 
C) objectivity 
D) evaluation

Question 11

A psychoanalyst accepts the teachings of Sigmund Freud without question, assuming that such a great historical figure could not be wrong. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A) experiential knowledge. 
B) scientific knowledge. 
C) traditional knowledge. 
D) practice knowledge. 
A) experiential knowledge. 
B) scientific knowledge. 
C) traditional knowledge. 
D) practice knowledge.

Question 12

When social work researcher W.David Harrison explained burnout among social workers on the basis of role theory, he was using:

Accepted Answer

A) inductive reasoning. 
B) deductive reasoning. 
C) common sense reasoning. 
D) experiential knowledge. 
A) inductive reasoning. 
B) deductive reasoning. 
C) common sense reasoning. 
D) experiential knowledge.

Question 13

A spurious relationship is one in which:

Accepted Answer

A) there is a positive relationship between two variables. 
B) the relationship between two variables disappears when the effects of other variables are taken into account. 
C) the independent variable occurs later in time than does the dependent variable. 
D) inductive reasoning is used but not deductive reasoning. 
A) there is a positive relationship between two variables. 
B) the relationship between two variables disappears when the effects of other variables are taken into account. 
C) the independent variable occurs later in time than does the dependent variable. 
D) inductive reasoning is used but not deductive reasoning.

Question 14

One of the key things about theories is that they:

Accepted Answer

A) offer an abstract explanation of phenomena. 
B) offer concrete descriptions of phenomena. 
C) tell us what sort of research design to use. 
D) offer an abstract explanation of phenomena, and tell us what sort of research design to use. 
A) offer an abstract explanation of phenomena. 
B) offer concrete descriptions of phenomena. 
C) tell us what sort of research design to use. 
D) offer an abstract explanation of phenomena, and tell us what sort of research design to use.

Question 15

Reasoning that involves inferring a specific conclusion from some general or abstract premises is called:

Accepted Answer

A) inductive reasoning. 
B) nomothetic reasoning. 
C) idiographic reasoning. 
D) deductive reasoning. 
A) inductive reasoning. 
B) nomothetic reasoning. 
C) idiographic reasoning. 
D) deductive reasoning.

Question 16

Which of the following would be true of science as a source of knowledge about the world

Accepted Answer

A) It is a nearly infallible source of knowledge. 
B) It has advantages that make it superior to other ways of gaining knowledge. 
C) It is superior to traditional sources of knowledge but not to experience as a source of knowledge. 
D) If done properly, it has characteristics that make it resistant to change, even when such change is called for. 
A) It is a nearly infallible source of knowledge. 
B) It has advantages that make it superior to other ways of gaining knowledge. 
C) It is superior to traditional sources of knowledge but not to experience as a source of knowledge. 
D) If done properly, it has characteristics that make it resistant to change, even when such change is called for.

Question 17

Why is science a superior source of knowledge compared to tradition, experience, or common sense

Accepted Answer

Science is considered a superior source

Question 18

Which of the following is a reason for replication in science

Accepted Answer

A) to reduce the chance of error or misinterpretation in research. 
B) to test a common-sense theory about some phenomenon. 
C) to move from the level of testing theories to that of testing hypotheses. 
D) All of the other answers represent such reasons. 
A) to reduce the chance of error or misinterpretation in research. 
B) to test a common-sense theory about some phenomenon. 
C) to move from the level of testing theories to that of testing hypotheses. 
D) All of the other answers represent such reasons.

Question 19

Which of the following is a limitation of experiential knowledge

Accepted Answer

A) It is often based on a limited and biased range of observations. 
B) Human perceptions are unreliable. 
C) People in a position to experience something directly frequently have a vested interest in perceiving that thing in a certain way. 
D) All of the other answers represent limitations. 
A) It is often based on a limited and biased range of observations. 
B) Human perceptions are unreliable. 
C) People in a position to experience something directly frequently have a vested interest in perceiving that thing in a certain way. 
D) All of the other answers represent limitations.

Question 20

Differentiate between deductive reasoning and inductive reasoning. What is the role of each in the scientific process

Accepted Answer

Deductive reasoning and inductive reason

The adage "birds of a feather flock together" is used in the text as a way of illustrating which source of knowledge

Which of the following statements most clearly represents an effort at a nomothetic explanation

In the process of theory verification in research, _ is analogous to _ in the process of theory verification in practice.

The major difference between personal theories and scientific theories is that scientific theories:

Regarding nomothetic and idiographic explanations in science, the text concludes that:

Theories serve as a guide for research in that:

Compare and contrast the positivist and nonpositivist paradigms in science.

Compare and contrast journalism and science as ways of gaining knowledge about the world. How are they similar to one another and how are they different

The interpretive paradigm in the social sciences would be most clearly consistent with which statement

Which of the following is NOT one of the distinguishing characteristics of science listed in the text

A psychoanalyst accepts the teachings of Sigmund Freud without question, assuming that such a great historical figure could not be wrong. This is an example of:

When social work researcher W.David Harrison explained burnout among social workers on the basis of role theory, he was using:

A spurious relationship is one in which:

One of the key things about theories is that they:

Reasoning that involves inferring a specific conclusion from some general or abstract premises is called:

Which of the following would be true of science as a source of knowledge about the world

Why is science a superior source of knowledge compared to tradition, experience, or common sense

Which of the following is a reason for replication in science

Which of the following is a limitation of experiential knowledge

Differentiate between deductive reasoning and inductive reasoning. What is the role of each in the scientific process

Research in the Human Services

Ethical Issues in Social Research

Issues in Problem Formulation

The Process of Measurement

Sampling

Survey Research

Analysis of Available Data

Field Research and Qualitative Methods

Experimental Research

Single-System Designs

Evaluation Research

Scaling

Data Analysis I-- Data Preparation and Presentation

Data Analysis II-- Descriptive and Inferential Statistics

Analysis of Qualitative Data

Writing for Research-- Grant Proposals and Report Writing

Filters

Exam 2: The Logic of Social Research

The adage "birds of a feather flock together" is used in the text as a way of illustrating which source of knowledge

Which of the following statements most clearly represents an effort at a nomothetic explanation

In the process of theory verification in research, _______________ is analogous to _______________ in the process of theory verification in practice.

The major difference between personal theories and scientific theories is that scientific theories:

Regarding nomothetic and idiographic explanations in science, the text concludes that:

Theories serve as a guide for research in that:

Compare and contrast the positivist and nonpositivist paradigms in science.

Compare and contrast journalism and science as ways of gaining knowledge about the world. How are they similar to one another and how are they different

The interpretive paradigm in the social sciences would be most clearly consistent with which statement

Which of the following is NOT one of the distinguishing characteristics of science listed in the text

A psychoanalyst accepts the teachings of Sigmund Freud without question, assuming that such a great historical figure could not be wrong. This is an example of:

When social work researcher W.David Harrison explained burnout among social workers on the basis of role theory, he was using:

A spurious relationship is one in which:

One of the key things about theories is that they:

Reasoning that involves inferring a specific conclusion from some general or abstract premises is called:

Which of the following would be true of science as a source of knowledge about the world

Why is science a superior source of knowledge compared to tradition, experience, or common sense

Which of the following is a reason for replication in science

Which of the following is a limitation of experiential knowledge

Differentiate between deductive reasoning and inductive reasoning. What is the role of each in the scientific process

Research in the Human Services

Ethical Issues in Social Research

Issues in Problem Formulation

The Process of Measurement

Sampling

Survey Research

Analysis of Available Data

Field Research and Qualitative Methods

Experimental Research

Single-System Designs

Evaluation Research

Scaling

Data Analysis I-- Data Preparation and Presentation

Data Analysis II-- Descriptive and Inferential Statistics

Analysis of Qualitative Data

Writing for Research-- Grant Proposals and Report Writing

Filters

In the process of theory verification in research, _ is analogous to _ in the process of theory verification in practice.