Question 1

Which of the following is true of studies of the persistence of prejudice and stereotyping that use available data

Accepted Answer

A) They are limited to analysis of text. 
B) They have used the frequency and type of images in books and magazines as variables. 
C) They are generally biased because minorities are under-represented in the media. 
D) They have shown that stereotyping is no longer evident in most books and magazines. 
A) They are limited to analysis of text. 
B) They have used the frequency and type of images in books and magazines as variables. 
C) They are generally biased because minorities are under-represented in the media. 
D) They have shown that stereotyping is no longer evident in most books and magazines. B

Question 2

Data archives would be most clearly associated with which type of research

Accepted Answer

A) experimental research 
B) field research 
C) survey research 
D) secondary analysis of data 
A) experimental research 
B) field research 
C) survey research 
D) secondary analysis of data D

Question 3

In the analysis of available data, a deductive approach is often impossible to use because:

Accepted Answer

A) there typically are no theories or hypotheses to be tested. 
B) the unit of analysis used is the individual. 
C) the data necessary to measure the variables derived from a theory were not included when the original data were collected. 
D) theory verification is only possible when data are collected explicitly to test that theory. 
A) there typically are no theories or hypotheses to be tested. 
B) the unit of analysis used is the individual. 
C) the data necessary to measure the variables derived from a theory were not included when the original data were collected. 
D) theory verification is only possible when data are collected explicitly to test that theory. C

Question 4

What is a coding scheme and how would one be used in content analysis

Accepted Answer

A coding scheme is a set of predefined c

Question 5

Discuss problems relating to missing data when using available statistical data.

Accepted Answer

Missing data can pose several problems w

Question 6

According to the text, intercoder reliability in content analysis is likely to be highest with which unit of analysis

Accepted Answer

A) the single word 
B) the theme 
C) the sentence 
D) the paragraph 
A) the single word 
B) the theme 
C) the sentence 
D) the paragraph

Question 7

Which of the following would be an example of the type of data known as "available data"

Accepted Answer

A) administering a questionnaire to the college students available to the researcher in her classes 
B) using information in the files of a social service agency to study the social factors associated with unwanted pregnancies 
C) using an availability sample as a means of collecting subjects for an experiment 
D) making unobtrusive observations of inmates of a prison during their recreation periods 
A) administering a questionnaire to the college students available to the researcher in her classes 
B) using information in the files of a social service agency to study the social factors associated with unwanted pregnancies 
C) using an availability sample as a means of collecting subjects for an experiment 
D) making unobtrusive observations of inmates of a prison during their recreation periods

Question 8

The most commonly used assessments of validity in content analysis are based on:

Accepted Answer

A) criterion validity. 
B) predictive validity. 
C) content validity. 
D) construct validity. 
A) criterion validity. 
B) predictive validity. 
C) content validity. 
D) construct validity.

Question 9

When combining available statistical data from a number of different agencies or states, the best way to protect people's privacy, according to the text, would be:

Accepted Answer

A) to use a "de-identified" data set. 
B) to use a "limited" data set. 
C) to use a representative sample. 
D) to use an "inaccessible" data set. 
A) to use a "de-identified" data set. 
B) to use a "limited" data set. 
C) to use a representative sample. 
D) to use an "inaccessible" data set.

Question 10

According to the text, the problem of "missing data":

Accepted Answer

A) is found to some degree in practically all research. 
B) is found only in the analysis of available data. 
C) can lead to bias but not unrepresentative data. 
D) is usually not found in available data that is received from a data archive. 
A) is found to some degree in practically all research. 
B) is found only in the analysis of available data. 
C) can lead to bias but not unrepresentative data. 
D) is usually not found in available data that is received from a data archive.

Question 11

The Information Technology in Research section suggests that, for most research purposes, it is most desirable to have:

Accepted Answer

A) access to reports that have been prepared that analyze some available data. 
B) access to only parts of a data set. 
C) access to the complete raw data set. 
D) access to the manifest coding rather than the latent coding. 
A) access to reports that have been prepared that analyze some available data. 
B) access to only parts of a data set. 
C) access to the complete raw data set. 
D) access to the manifest coding rather than the latent coding.

Question 12

The reliability of a coding scheme in content analysis can be enhanced by:

Accepted Answer

A) having more alternatives in the coding scheme. 
B) using jury opinion as a way of applying the coding scheme. 
C) using the sentence or paragraph as the unit of analysis rather than the single word or theme. 
D) providing thorough training for the coders. 
A) having more alternatives in the coding scheme. 
B) using jury opinion as a way of applying the coding scheme. 
C) using the sentence or paragraph as the unit of analysis rather than the single word or theme. 
D) providing thorough training for the coders.

Question 13

In content analysis, "validity" most clearly refers to:

Accepted Answer

A) the level of agreement between different coders. 
B) whether the coding categories are meaningful indicators of what they are intended to measure. 
C) the proportion of latent coding to manifest coding. 
D) the extent to which theories, hypotheses, and operational definitions have to be modified to fit the data. 
A) the level of agreement between different coders. 
B) whether the coding categories are meaningful indicators of what they are intended to measure. 
C) the proportion of latent coding to manifest coding. 
D) the extent to which theories, hypotheses, and operational definitions have to be modified to fit the data.

Question 14

The Eye on Ethics section discusses how modern information technologies impact on ethical issues in research based on available data. In this context, the ethical issue that the text discusses as most affected by these technologies is:

Accepted Answer

A) scientific advocacy. 
B) scientific misconduct and fraud. 
C) privacy. 
D) deception. 
A) scientific advocacy. 
B) scientific misconduct and fraud. 
C) privacy. 
D) deception.

Question 15

When coding documents, what level of intercoder reliability is considered acceptable

Accepted Answer

A) 35% or better agreement between coders 
B) 55% or better agreement between coders 
C) 75% or better agreement between coders 
D) 95% or better agreement between coders 
A) 35% or better agreement between coders 
B) 55% or better agreement between coders 
C) 75% or better agreement between coders 
D) 95% or better agreement between coders

Question 16

The problem created by missing data in available data research is that:

Accepted Answer

A) it makes it impossible to develop hypotheses. 
B) it throws into question the representativeness of the data. 
C) it means that experimental research cannot be used. 
D) it rules out the use of quantitative data analysis. 
A) it makes it impossible to develop hypotheses. 
B) it throws into question the representativeness of the data. 
C) it means that experimental research cannot be used. 
D) it rules out the use of quantitative data analysis.

Question 17

Describe the three general sources of available statistical data discussed in the text.

Accepted Answer

The three general sources of available s

Question 18

Which of the following would most clearly be a form of available data

Accepted Answer

A) surveys. 
B) documents. 
C) laboratory experiments. 
D) latent coding. 
A) surveys. 
B) documents. 
C) laboratory experiments. 
D) latent coding.

Question 19

When using the single word as the unit of analysis in content analysis, it is often helpful to make use of a "context unit," which refers to:

Accepted Answer

A) the words surrounding the single word that help modify it and explain its meaning. 
B) combining the single word with the theme as the unit of analysis. 
C) a description by the researcher of the rules for placing a particular word into a particular category of the coding scheme. 
D) the overall theme of a document that is used to interpret specific words. 
A) the words surrounding the single word that help modify it and explain its meaning. 
B) combining the single word with the theme as the unit of analysis. 
C) a description by the researcher of the rules for placing a particular word into a particular category of the coding scheme. 
D) the overall theme of a document that is used to interpret specific words.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT one of the ways in which validity problems can arise in the use of available statistical data

Accepted Answer

A) Elements of the operation of organizations may not be measured directly by the data the organizations collect. 
B) Operational definitions may be changed so that variables can be measured with the data available. 
C) Procedures used in gathering data by an organization may change over time. 
D) All of the answers represent ways in which validity problems can arise. 
A) Elements of the operation of organizations may not be measured directly by the data the organizations collect. 
B) Operational definitions may be changed so that variables can be measured with the data available. 
C) Procedures used in gathering data by an organization may change over time. 
D) All of the answers represent ways in which validity problems can arise.

Which of the following is true of studies of the persistence of prejudice and stereotyping that use available data

Data archives would be most clearly associated with which type of research

In the analysis of available data, a deductive approach is often impossible to use because:

What is a coding scheme and how would one be used in content analysis

Discuss problems relating to missing data when using available statistical data.

According to the text, intercoder reliability in content analysis is likely to be highest with which unit of analysis

Which of the following would be an example of the type of data known as "available data"

The most commonly used assessments of validity in content analysis are based on:

When combining available statistical data from a number of different agencies or states, the best way to protect people's privacy, according to the text, would be:

According to the text, the problem of "missing data":

The Information Technology in Research section suggests that, for most research purposes, it is most desirable to have:

The reliability of a coding scheme in content analysis can be enhanced by:

In content analysis, "validity" most clearly refers to:

The Eye on Ethics section discusses how modern information technologies impact on ethical issues in research based on available data. In this context, the ethical issue that the text discusses as most affected by these technologies is:

When coding documents, what level of intercoder reliability is considered acceptable

The problem created by missing data in available data research is that:

Describe the three general sources of available statistical data discussed in the text.

Which of the following would most clearly be a form of available data

When using the single word as the unit of analysis in content analysis, it is often helpful to make use of a "context unit," which refers to:

Which of the following is NOT one of the ways in which validity problems can arise in the use of available statistical data

Research in the Human Services

The Logic of Social Research

Ethical Issues in Social Research

Issues in Problem Formulation

The Process of Measurement

Sampling

Survey Research

Field Research and Qualitative Methods

Experimental Research

Single-System Designs

Evaluation Research

Scaling

Data Analysis I-- Data Preparation and Presentation

Data Analysis II-- Descriptive and Inferential Statistics

Analysis of Qualitative Data

Writing for Research-- Grant Proposals and Report Writing

Filters

Exam 8: Analysis of Available Data

Which of the following is true of studies of the persistence of prejudice and stereotyping that use available data

Data archives would be most clearly associated with which type of research

In the analysis of available data, a deductive approach is often impossible to use because:

What is a coding scheme and how would one be used in content analysis

Discuss problems relating to missing data when using available statistical data.

According to the text, intercoder reliability in content analysis is likely to be highest with which unit of analysis

Which of the following would be an example of the type of data known as "available data"

The most commonly used assessments of validity in content analysis are based on:

When combining available statistical data from a number of different agencies or states, the best way to protect people's privacy, according to the text, would be:

According to the text, the problem of "missing data":

The Information Technology in Research section suggests that, for most research purposes, it is most desirable to have:

The reliability of a coding scheme in content analysis can be enhanced by:

In content analysis, "validity" most clearly refers to:

The Eye on Ethics section discusses how modern information technologies impact on ethical issues in research based on available data. In this context, the ethical issue that the text discusses as most affected by these technologies is:

When coding documents, what level of intercoder reliability is considered acceptable

The problem created by missing data in available data research is that:

Describe the three general sources of available statistical data discussed in the text.

Which of the following would most clearly be a form of available data

When using the single word as the unit of analysis in content analysis, it is often helpful to make use of a "context unit," which refers to:

Which of the following is NOT one of the ways in which validity problems can arise in the use of available statistical data

Research in the Human Services

The Logic of Social Research

Ethical Issues in Social Research

Issues in Problem Formulation

The Process of Measurement

Sampling

Survey Research

Field Research and Qualitative Methods

Experimental Research

Single-System Designs

Evaluation Research

Scaling

Data Analysis I-- Data Preparation and Presentation

Data Analysis II-- Descriptive and Inferential Statistics

Analysis of Qualitative Data

Writing for Research-- Grant Proposals and Report Writing

Filters