Question 1

In systematic replication of single-system experiments:

Accepted Answer

A) only the individual clients vary from one experiment to another. 
B) a treatment is reapplied to the same client. 
C) an unsuccessful treatment is tried again. 
D) a treatment is extended to different settings, practitioners, or client disorders. 
A) only the individual clients vary from one experiment to another. 
B) a treatment is reapplied to the same client. 
C) an unsuccessful treatment is tried again. 
D) a treatment is extended to different settings, practitioners, or client disorders. D

Question 2

Reversal designs are considered superior to the basic AB design because reversal designs:

Accepted Answer

A) are easier to apply. 
B) can be used with irreversible treatments. 
C) demonstrate more conclusively the efficacy of the treatment. 
D) have fewer ethical problems. 
A) are easier to apply. 
B) can be used with irreversible treatments. 
C) demonstrate more conclusively the efficacy of the treatment. 
D) have fewer ethical problems. C

Question 3

Assess the clinical research model in terms of advantages and disadvantages.

Accepted Answer

The clinical research model has several advantages, including the ability to gather high-quality data through controlled experiments and clinical trials. This data can then be used to develop new treatments and interventions for various medical conditions. Additionally, clinical research allows for the testing of new drugs and medical devices, which can lead to advancements in healthcare and improved patient outcomes. Furthermore, the rigorous methodology of clinical research helps to ensure the safety and efficacy of new treatments before they are introduced to the market.

However, there are also some disadvantages to the clinical research model. One major drawback is the high cost associated with conducting clinical trials, which can limit the ability of researchers to pursue certain lines of inquiry. Additionally, the strict regulatory requirements and ethical considerations involved in clinical research can lead to delays in the development and approval of new treatments. Furthermore, there is a risk of bias in clinical research, as the results may be influenced by factors such as the selection of study participants and the design of the study itself.

In conclusion, while the clinical research model offers many benefits in terms of generating valuable medical knowledge and improving patient care, it also comes with certain challenges and limitations that need to be carefully considered and addressed.

Question 4

Which of the following types of paper and pencil instruments should be avoided for single-system design applications

Accepted Answer

A) rapid assessment instruments 
B) projective tests such as the Rorschach Inkblot and Thematic Apperception Test 
C) standardized scales 
D) all of the answers are paper and pencil instruments that should be avoided 
A) rapid assessment instruments 
B) projective tests such as the Rorschach Inkblot and Thematic Apperception Test 
C) standardized scales 
D) all of the answers are paper and pencil instruments that should be avoided

Question 5

Single-system design development has been largely motivated by:

Accepted Answer

A) researcher dissatisfaction with quantitative measurement. 
B) practitioner advocates of Freudian theory. 
C) growing demand for accountability in human services. 
D) dissatisfaction with qualitative methods. 
A) researcher dissatisfaction with quantitative measurement. 
B) practitioner advocates of Freudian theory. 
C) growing demand for accountability in human services. 
D) dissatisfaction with qualitative methods.

Question 6

How can a researcher generalize from single-system designs

Accepted Answer

Single-system designs, also known as sin

Question 7

The stance toward practice of the clinical-research model includes all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) quasi-experimental designs should be used. 
B) research and practice are viewed as parts of the same problem solving process. 
C) problems are specified in terms that are concrete and observable. 
D) data is collected systematically in order to monitor intervention. 
A) quasi-experimental designs should be used. 
B) research and practice are viewed as parts of the same problem solving process. 
C) problems are specified in terms that are concrete and observable. 
D) data is collected systematically in order to monitor intervention.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT one of the advantages of the clinical research model

Accepted Answer

A) It promotes better service for clients. 
B) It promotes research activity. 
C) The results are immediately generalizable to other settings. 
D) All of the answers represent advantages. 
A) It promotes better service for clients. 
B) It promotes research activity. 
C) The results are immediately generalizable to other settings. 
D) All of the answers represent advantages.

Question 9

The clinical research model:

Accepted Answer

A) is a theoretical orientation yet to be put to use in practice. 
B) merges research with practice. 
C) utilizes single-system designs. 
D) merges research with practice, and utilizes single-system designs. 
A) is a theoretical orientation yet to be put to use in practice. 
B) merges research with practice. 
C) utilizes single-system designs. 
D) merges research with practice, and utilizes single-system designs.

Question 10

In single-system research, the criterion that determines whether a treatment is considered experimentally effective is:

Accepted Answer

A) client goals have been fully achieved. 
B) there is pronounced improvement in a client's condition. 
C) ultimate goals have not been achieved. 
D) client goals have been fully achieved and pronounced improvement in a client's condition, together, define experimental effectiveness. 
A) client goals have been fully achieved. 
B) there is pronounced improvement in a client's condition. 
C) ultimate goals have not been achieved. 
D) client goals have been fully achieved and pronounced improvement in a client's condition, together, define experimental effectiveness.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT one of the steps in the clinical research process

Accepted Answer

A) establish goals 
B) introduce treatment 
C) assess treatment effects 
D) random assignment of subjects 
A) establish goals 
B) introduce treatment 
C) assess treatment effects 
D) random assignment of subjects

Question 12

Why might traditional group experiments prove unsatisfactory to practitioners seeking to assess change in clients, and how do single-system designs overcome these problems

Accepted Answer

Traditional group experiments may prove

Question 13

Describe the clinical research process by identifying and explaining its six basic stages.

Accepted Answer

The clinical research process can be bro

Question 14

Single-system designs are a special form of which of the following research designs

Accepted Answer

A) true experimental designs 
B) quasi-experimental designs 
C) surveys 
D) field observation designs 
A) true experimental designs 
B) quasi-experimental designs 
C) surveys 
D) field observation designs

Question 15

Should an Institutional Review Board (IRB)be involved in reviewing a single-system design for adherence to ethical standards Deciding this question should be based on the principle of ________________, according to Grigsby and Roof.

Accepted Answer

A) therapeutic effectiveness 
B) least harm 
C) risk-benefit 
D) generalizability 
A) therapeutic effectiveness 
B) least harm 
C) risk-benefit 
D) generalizability

Question 16

Which of the following is a disadvantage of group experimental designs that single-system designs may avoid

Accepted Answer

A) The research design fails to capture the process by which change was induced. 
B) It is too time-consuming and costly to secure enough cases for treatment and control groups. 
C) Experiments using groups cannot control for threats to internal validity. 
D) The research design fails to capture the process by which change was induced, and it is too time-consuming and costly to secure enough cases for treatment and control groups. 
A) The research design fails to capture the process by which change was induced. 
B) It is too time-consuming and costly to secure enough cases for treatment and control groups. 
C) Experiments using groups cannot control for threats to internal validity. 
D) The research design fails to capture the process by which change was induced, and it is too time-consuming and costly to secure enough cases for treatment and control groups.

Question 17

In the evaluation of treating panic disorder that was discussed in Research in Practice 11.2, what type of single-system design was used in order to strengthen conclusions about causation

Accepted Answer

A) ABA reversal design 
B) multiple baseline design across subjects 
C) multiple treatment design 
D) randomized treatment design 
A) ABA reversal design 
B) multiple baseline design across subjects 
C) multiple treatment design 
D) randomized treatment design

Question 18

Which of the following would indicate that a single-system treatment was effective with the least amount of change from baseline to treatment

Accepted Answer

A) statistical effectiveness 
B) experimental effectiveness 
C) therapeutic effectiveness 
D) ultimate effectiveness 
A) statistical effectiveness 
B) experimental effectiveness 
C) therapeutic effectiveness 
D) ultimate effectiveness

Question 19

All of these effects of using the clinical-research model tend to reduce resistance to using single-system designs EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) the clinical-research model forces an explicit consideration of assumptions. 
B) it increases rationality in selecting treatments. 
C) it provides solid evidence whether or not the client has benefited from treatment. 
D) all of the answers represent effects that work to reduce resistance. 
A) the clinical-research model forces an explicit consideration of assumptions. 
B) it increases rationality in selecting treatments. 
C) it provides solid evidence whether or not the client has benefited from treatment. 
D) all of the answers represent effects that work to reduce resistance.

Question 20

Distinguish between reversal designs and multiple baseline designs.

Accepted Answer

Reversal designs and multiple baseline d

In systematic replication of single-system experiments:

Reversal designs are considered superior to the basic AB design because reversal designs:

Assess the clinical research model in terms of advantages and disadvantages.

Which of the following types of paper and pencil instruments should be avoided for single-system design applications

Single-system design development has been largely motivated by:

How can a researcher generalize from single-system designs

The stance toward practice of the clinical-research model includes all of the following EXCEPT:

Which of the following is NOT one of the advantages of the clinical research model

The clinical research model:

In single-system research, the criterion that determines whether a treatment is considered experimentally effective is:

Which of the following is NOT one of the steps in the clinical research process

Why might traditional group experiments prove unsatisfactory to practitioners seeking to assess change in clients, and how do single-system designs overcome these problems

Describe the clinical research process by identifying and explaining its six basic stages.

Single-system designs are a special form of which of the following research designs

Should an Institutional Review Board (IRB)be involved in reviewing a single-system design for adherence to ethical standards Deciding this question should be based on the principle of ________________, according to Grigsby and Roof.

Which of the following is a disadvantage of group experimental designs that single-system designs may avoid

In the evaluation of treating panic disorder that was discussed in Research in Practice 11.2, what type of single-system design was used in order to strengthen conclusions about causation

Which of the following would indicate that a single-system treatment was effective with the least amount of change from baseline to treatment

All of these effects of using the clinical-research model tend to reduce resistance to using single-system designs EXCEPT:

Distinguish between reversal designs and multiple baseline designs.

Research in the Human Services

The Logic of Social Research

Ethical Issues in Social Research

Issues in Problem Formulation

The Process of Measurement

Sampling

Survey Research

Analysis of Available Data

Field Research and Qualitative Methods

Experimental Research

Evaluation Research

Scaling

Data Analysis I-- Data Preparation and Presentation

Data Analysis II-- Descriptive and Inferential Statistics

Analysis of Qualitative Data

Writing for Research-- Grant Proposals and Report Writing

Filters

Exam 11: Single-System Designs

In systematic replication of single-system experiments:

Reversal designs are considered superior to the basic AB design because reversal designs:

Assess the clinical research model in terms of advantages and disadvantages.

Which of the following types of paper and pencil instruments should be avoided for single-system design applications

Single-system design development has been largely motivated by:

How can a researcher generalize from single-system designs

The stance toward practice of the clinical-research model includes all of the following EXCEPT:

Which of the following is NOT one of the advantages of the clinical research model

The clinical research model:

In single-system research, the criterion that determines whether a treatment is considered experimentally effective is:

Which of the following is NOT one of the steps in the clinical research process

Why might traditional group experiments prove unsatisfactory to practitioners seeking to assess change in clients, and how do single-system designs overcome these problems

Describe the clinical research process by identifying and explaining its six basic stages.

Single-system designs are a special form of which of the following research designs

Should an Institutional Review Board (IRB)be involved in reviewing a single-system design for adherence to ethical standards Deciding this question should be based on the principle of ________________, according to Grigsby and Roof.

Which of the following is a disadvantage of group experimental designs that single-system designs may avoid

In the evaluation of treating panic disorder that was discussed in Research in Practice 11.2, what type of single-system design was used in order to strengthen conclusions about causation

Which of the following would indicate that a single-system treatment was effective with the least amount of change from baseline to treatment

All of these effects of using the clinical-research model tend to reduce resistance to using single-system designs EXCEPT:

Distinguish between reversal designs and multiple baseline designs.

Research in the Human Services

The Logic of Social Research

Ethical Issues in Social Research

Issues in Problem Formulation

The Process of Measurement

Sampling

Survey Research

Analysis of Available Data

Field Research and Qualitative Methods

Experimental Research

Evaluation Research

Scaling

Data Analysis I-- Data Preparation and Presentation

Data Analysis II-- Descriptive and Inferential Statistics

Analysis of Qualitative Data

Writing for Research-- Grant Proposals and Report Writing

Filters