Question 1

Which of the following correctly notes how short-term memory and long-term memory are related?

Accepted Answer

A)  Short-term memory involves temporary links formed in the cerebral cortex while long-term memory involves permanent connections within the hippocampus. 
B)  Short-term memory and long-term memory store information in the cerebellum but use different neurotransmitters. 
C)  Short-term memory permanently stores small bits of information like facts while long term memory permanently stores general conceptual information. 
D)  Short-term memory occurs within the hippocampus and is essential for acquiring new long-term memories within the cerebral cortex. 
A)  Short-term memory involves temporary links formed in the cerebral cortex while long-term memory involves permanent connections within the hippocampus. 
B)  Short-term memory and long-term memory store information in the cerebellum but use different neurotransmitters. 
C)  Short-term memory permanently stores small bits of information like facts while long term memory permanently stores general conceptual information. 
D)  Short-term memory occurs within the hippocampus and is essential for acquiring new long-term memories within the cerebral cortex.

Question 2

What was the consequence of a metal rod driven into the frontal lobe of Phineas Gage (with similar results to a frontal lobotomy)?

Accepted Answer

A)  the loss of the sense of balance 
B)  the loss of all short-term memory 
C)  greatly altered emotional responses 
D)  greatly increased long-term memory 
A)  the loss of the sense of balance 
B)  the loss of all short-term memory 
C)  greatly altered emotional responses 
D)  greatly increased long-term memory

Question 3

Which of the following is most likely caused by an injury to the brainstem?

Accepted Answer

A)  auditory hallucinations 
B)  visual hallucinations 
C)  an inability to regulate body temperature 
D)  an inability to regulate heart function 
A)  auditory hallucinations 
B)  visual hallucinations 
C)  an inability to regulate body temperature 
D)  an inability to regulate heart function

Question 4

Which of the following structures is involved in the human knee-jerk reflex?

Accepted Answer

A)  spinal cord 
B)  corpus callosum 
C)  cerebellum 
D)  medulla 
A)  spinal cord 
B)  corpus callosum 
C)  cerebellum 
D)  medulla

Question 5

Which of the following triggers muscles of a frog's hind legs to contract?

Accepted Answer

A)  neurons of the motor system 
B)  nerves of the enteric nervous system 
C)  afferent neurons of the PNS 
D)  parasympathetic nerves of the autonomic nervous system 
A)  neurons of the motor system 
B)  nerves of the enteric nervous system 
C)  afferent neurons of the PNS 
D)  parasympathetic nerves of the autonomic nervous system

Question 6

Which of the following structures or regions is incorrectly paired with its function?

Accepted Answer

A)  limbic system-motor control of speech 
B)  medulla oblongata-homeostatic control 
C)  cerebellum-coordination of movement and balance 
D)  amygdala-emotional memory 
A)  limbic system-motor control of speech 
B)  medulla oblongata-homeostatic control 
C)  cerebellum-coordination of movement and balance 
D)  amygdala-emotional memory

Question 7

The cerebral cortex lacks a major role in ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  short-term memory 
B)  long-term memory 
C)  circadian rhythm 
D)  breath holding 
A)  short-term memory 
B)  long-term memory 
C)  circadian rhythm 
D)  breath holding

Question 8

Use the figure to answer the following question.   Which of the following regions arose developmentally from the hindbrain?

Accepted Answer

A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  IV 
A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  IV

Question 9

What do we call the capacity of the nervous system to be remodeled, especially in response to its own activity?

Accepted Answer

A)  neuronal plasticity 
B)  synaptic reorganization 
C)  neurological deconstruction 
D)  neuronal regeneration 
A)  neuronal plasticity 
B)  synaptic reorganization 
C)  neurological deconstruction 
D)  neuronal regeneration

Question 10

What happens when biological clocks do not receive environmental cues?

Accepted Answer

A)  they typically shift to about 12-hour cycles 
B)  they continue at roughly 24-hour cycles 
C)  they typically shift to about 48-hour cycles 
D)  cycles usually end, shifting to irregular patterns of physiology and behavior 
A)  they typically shift to about 12-hour cycles 
B)  they continue at roughly 24-hour cycles 
C)  they typically shift to about 48-hour cycles 
D)  cycles usually end, shifting to irregular patterns of physiology and behavior

Question 11

Which of the following is true about the brain reward system?

Accepted Answer

A)  It represents an emergent brain property that has arisen independent of natural selection. 
B)  It is a reflex of the peripheral nervous primarily under autonomic control. 
C)  It is housed in the thalamus and primarily regulates the enteric division of the autonomic nervous system. 
D)  It utilizes the neurotransmitter dopamine and is affected by drug addiction. 
A)  It represents an emergent brain property that has arisen independent of natural selection. 
B)  It is a reflex of the peripheral nervous primarily under autonomic control. 
C)  It is housed in the thalamus and primarily regulates the enteric division of the autonomic nervous system. 
D)  It utilizes the neurotransmitter dopamine and is affected by drug addiction.

Question 12

Which of the following brain structures includes the motor cortex?

Accepted Answer

A)  cerebrum 
B)  cerebellum 
C)  spinal cord 
D)  medulla oblongata 
A)  cerebrum 
B)  cerebellum 
C)  spinal cord 
D)  medulla oblongata

Question 13

In which brain structure does short-term memory information processing take place?

Accepted Answer

A)  brainstem 
B)  medulla 
C)  hypothalamus 
D)  hippocampus 
A)  brainstem 
B)  medulla 
C)  hypothalamus 
D)  hippocampus

Question 14

Where are the stretch sensors of the sensory neurons located in the human knee-jerk reflex?

Accepted Answer

A)  in the cartilage of the knee 
B)  in the quadriceps muscles on the anterior side of the thighs 
C)  in the hamstring muscles on the posterior side of the thighs 
D)  in the brain, the sensorimotor relay 
A)  in the cartilage of the knee 
B)  in the quadriceps muscles on the anterior side of the thighs 
C)  in the hamstring muscles on the posterior side of the thighs 
D)  in the brain, the sensorimotor relay

Question 15

Which part of the nervous system activates the fight-or-flight response?

Accepted Answer

A)  sympathetic 
B)  somatic 
C)  enteric 
D)  parasympathetic 
A)  sympathetic 
B)  somatic 
C)  enteric 
D)  parasympathetic

Question 16

Which of the following functions is associated with Wernicke's and Broca's regions?

Accepted Answer

A)  olfaction 
B)  vision 
C)  speech 
D)  hearing 
A)  olfaction 
B)  vision 
C)  speech 
D)  hearing

Question 17

Damage to Broca's area is likely to impair what brain function?

Accepted Answer

A)  generating speech 
B)  recognizing faces 
C)  understanding language 
D)  experiencing emotion 
A)  generating speech 
B)  recognizing faces 
C)  understanding language 
D)  experiencing emotion

Question 18

Which of the following shows a brain lobe correctly paired with one of its primary functions?

Accepted Answer

A)  frontal lobe-decision making 
B)  occipital lobe-control of skeletal muscles 
C)  temporal lobe-visual processing 
D)  parietal lobe-hearing 
A)  frontal lobe-decision making 
B)  occipital lobe-control of skeletal muscles 
C)  temporal lobe-visual processing 
D)  parietal lobe-hearing

Question 19

In the human knee-jerk reflex of a seated individual, as the calf moves from a vertical towards a horizontal position, the muscles of the quadriceps (on the anterior of the thighs) and the muscles of the hamstring (on the posterior side of the thighs) are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  both excited and contracting 
B)  both inhibited and relaxed 
C)  excited and inhibited, respectively 
D)  inhibited and excited, respectively 
A)  both excited and contracting 
B)  both inhibited and relaxed 
C)  excited and inhibited, respectively 
D)  inhibited and excited, respectively

Question 20

Imagine you are resting comfortably after a long day of work. What is the most likely state of your peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A)  increased activity in the sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric nervous systems 
B)  decreased activity in the sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric nervous systems 
C)  decreased activity in the sympathetic nervous system, and increased activity in the parasympathetic and enteric nervous systems 
D)  increased activity in the sympathetic nervous system, and decreased activity in the parasympathetic and enteric nervous systems 
A)  increased activity in the sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric nervous systems 
B)  decreased activity in the sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric nervous systems 
C)  decreased activity in the sympathetic nervous system, and increased activity in the parasympathetic and enteric nervous systems 
D)  increased activity in the sympathetic nervous system, and decreased activity in the parasympathetic and enteric nervous systems

Exam 49: Neural Regulation in Animals

Which of the following correctly notes how short-term memory and long-term memory are related?

What was the consequence of a metal rod driven into the frontal lobe of Phineas Gage (with similar results to a frontal lobotomy)?

Which of the following is most likely caused by an injury to the brainstem?

Which of the following structures is involved in the human knee-jerk reflex?

Which of the following triggers muscles of a frog's hind legs to contract?

Which of the following structures or regions is incorrectly paired with its function?

The cerebral cortex lacks a major role in ________.

Use the figure to answer the following question. Which of the following regions arose developmentally from the hindbrain?

What do we call the capacity of the nervous system to be remodeled, especially in response to its own activity?

What happens when biological clocks do not receive environmental cues?

Which of the following is true about the brain reward system?

Which of the following brain structures includes the motor cortex?

In which brain structure does short-term memory information processing take place?

Where are the stretch sensors of the sensory neurons located in the human knee-jerk reflex?

Which part of the nervous system activates the fight-or-flight response?

Which of the following functions is associated with Wernicke's and Broca's regions?

Damage to Broca's area is likely to impair what brain function?

Which of the following shows a brain lobe correctly paired with one of its primary functions?

In the human knee-jerk reflex of a seated individual, as the calf moves from a vertical towards a horizontal position, the muscles of the quadriceps (on the anterior of the thighs) and the muscles of the hamstring (on the posterior side of the thighs) are ________.

Imagine you are resting comfortably after a long day of work. What is the most likely state of your peripheral nervous system?

Biology and Its Themes

Atoms and Molecules

The Chemistry of Water

Carbon: the Basis of Molecular Diversity

Biological Macromolecules and Lipids

Energy and Life

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Membranes

Cellular Signaling

Cell Respiration

Photosynthetic Processes

Mitosis

Sexual Life Cycles and Meiosis

Mendelian Genetics

Linkage and Chromosomes

Nucleic Acids and Inheritance

Expression of Genes

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Technology

The Evolution of Genomes

How Evolution Works

Phylogenetic Reconstruction

Microevolution

Species and Speciation

Macroevolution

Introduction to Viruses

Prokaryotes

The Origin and Evolution of Eukaryotes

Nonvascular and Seedless Vascular Plants

Seed Plants

Introduction to Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Invertebrates

Vertebrates

Plant Structure and Growth

Transport in Vascular Plants

Plant Nutrition

Reproduction of Flowering Plants

Plant Signals and Behavior

The Animal Body

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Digestive Systems

Animal Transport Systems

Animal Excretory Systems

Animal Reproductive Systems

Development in Animals

Animal Defenses Against Infection

Electrical Signals in Animals

Sensation and Movement in Animals

An Overview of Ecology

Behavioral Ecology

Populations and Life History Traits

Biodiversity and Communities

Energy Flow and Chemical Cycling in Ecosystems

Conservation and Global Ecology

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