Question 1

Why are endospores used to measure the effectiveness of autoclave sterilization?

Accepted Answer

A)  Endospores are easy to store in the lab until needed. 
B)  Endospores are very simple structures and easy to detect. 
C)  Endospores are very hard to kill. 
D)  Endospores are composed of all the molecules found in living cells. 
E)  Endospores of different bacteria are destroyed at different temperatures and can be used to calibrate autoclave temperatures. 
A)  Endospores are easy to store in the lab until needed. 
B)  Endospores are very simple structures and easy to detect. 
C)  Endospores are very hard to kill. 
D)  Endospores are composed of all the molecules found in living cells. 
E)  Endospores of different bacteria are destroyed at different temperatures and can be used to calibrate autoclave temperatures.

Question 2

Betadine contains what type of chemical agent?

Accepted Answer

A)  alcohol 
B)  aldehyde 
C)  halogen 
D)  heavy metal 
E)  phenolic 
A)  alcohol 
B)  aldehyde 
C)  halogen 
D)  heavy metal 
E)  phenolic

Question 3

Disinfecting agents naturally produced by microorganisms are

Accepted Answer

A)  aldehydes. 
B)  antibiotics. 
C)  halogens. 
D)  quaternary ammonium compounds. 
E)  triclosans. 
A)  aldehydes. 
B)  antibiotics. 
C)  halogens. 
D)  quaternary ammonium compounds. 
E)  triclosans.

Question 4

Disinfectants known as (alcohols/oxidizers/aldehydes) have the chemical group -CHO, which reacts with and damages both proteins and nucleic acids.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Disinfectants known as (alcohols/oxidizers/aldehydes) have the chemical...

Question 5

Some sterilization procedures do not kill all the microbes that may be present. Explain how these procedures may, for practical purposes, still be considered sterilization.

Accepted Answer

Theoretically, sterilization is the comp

Question 6

Disinfectants that damage membranes include

Accepted Answer

A)  alcohol. 
B)  phenolics. 
C)  iodine. 
D)  hydrogen peroxide. 
E)  both alcohol and phenolics. 
A)  alcohol. 
B)  phenolics. 
C)  iodine. 
D)  hydrogen peroxide. 
E)  both alcohol and phenolics.

Question 7

Quaternary ammonium compounds ("quats") are used for

Accepted Answer

A)  antisepsis. 
B)  disinfection. 
C)  sterilization. 
D)  quantifying antimicrobial activity. 
E)  both antisepsis and disinfection. 
A)  antisepsis. 
B)  disinfection. 
C)  sterilization. 
D)  quantifying antimicrobial activity. 
E)  both antisepsis and disinfection.

Question 8

The (endospores/cysts/prions) are the infectious agents most resistant to antimicrobial agents or processes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The (endospores/cysts/prions) are the infectious agents most...

Question 9

Which of the following is bacteriostatic?

Accepted Answer

A)  heating in an oven at 171°C for an hour 
B)  freezing below 0°C 
C)  filtration 
D)  autoclaving 
E)  flash pasteurization 
A)  heating in an oven at 171°C for an hour 
B)  freezing below 0°C 
C)  filtration 
D)  autoclaving 
E)  flash pasteurization

Question 10

The cell walls of mycobacteria make them vulnerable to water soluble chemical agents.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Which of the following is a sterilizing agent?

Accepted Answer

A)  ozone 
B)  hydrogen peroxide 
C)  peracetic acid 
D)  dish soap 
E)  ozone and hydrogen peroxide 
A)  ozone 
B)  hydrogen peroxide 
C)  peracetic acid 
D)  dish soap 
E)  ozone and hydrogen peroxide

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of pasteurization?

Accepted Answer

A)  A public toilet is treated with disinfectants. 
B)  A surgeon washes her hands before surgery. 
C)  Heat is used to kill potential pathogens in apple juice. 
D)  An autoclave is used to prepare nutrient agar. 
E)  A nurse prepares an injection site with an alcohol swab. 
A)  A public toilet is treated with disinfectants. 
B)  A surgeon washes her hands before surgery. 
C)  Heat is used to kill potential pathogens in apple juice. 
D)  An autoclave is used to prepare nutrient agar. 
E)  A nurse prepares an injection site with an alcohol swab.

Question 13

The phenol coefficient is one of the most widely used measurements of an antimicrobial agent's effectiveness.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The antimicrobial chemical pictured above in Figure 9.1 is a(n) (phenolic/surfactant/enzyme) compound found in many consumer products.

Accepted Answer

The answer of   
The antimicrobial chemical pictured above...

Question 15

A scientist develops a new medication that is a protein compound and that must be administered by injection. Which of the following would be the most effective and safest means of preparing a sterile solution of the new medication?

Accepted Answer

A)  autoclaving 
B)  filtration 
C)  dilution with alcohol 
D)  lyophilization 
E)  ultraviolet irradiation 
A)  autoclaving 
B)  filtration 
C)  dilution with alcohol 
D)  lyophilization 
E)  ultraviolet irradiation

Exam 9: Controlling Microbial Growth in the Environment

Why are endospores used to measure the effectiveness of autoclave sterilization?

Betadine contains what type of chemical agent?

Disinfecting agents naturally produced by microorganisms are

Disinfectants known as (alcohols/oxidizers/aldehydes) have the chemical group -CHO, which reacts with and damages both proteins and nucleic acids.

Some sterilization procedures do not kill all the microbes that may be present. Explain how these procedures may, for practical purposes, still be considered sterilization.

Disinfectants that damage membranes include

Quaternary ammonium compounds ("quats") are used for

The (endospores/cysts/prions) are the infectious agents most resistant to antimicrobial agents or processes.

Which of the following is bacteriostatic?

The cell walls of mycobacteria make them vulnerable to water soluble chemical agents.

Which of the following is a sterilizing agent?

Which of the following is an example of pasteurization?

The phenol coefficient is one of the most widely used measurements of an antimicrobial agent's effectiveness.

The antimicrobial chemical pictured above in Figure 9.1 is a(n) (phenolic/surfactant/enzyme) compound found in many consumer products.

A scientist develops a new medication that is a protein compound and that must be administered by injection. Which of the following would be the most effective and safest means of preparing a sterile solution of the new medication?

A Brief History of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Microbiology

Cell Structure and Function

Microscopy, Staining, and Classification

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Genetics

Recombinant DNA Technology

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs

Characterizing and Classifying Prokaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Infection, Infectious Diseases, and Epidemiology

Innate Immunity

Adaptive Immunity

Immunization and Immune Testing

Immune Disorders

Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Wounds

Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System and Eyes

Microbial Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases

Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System

Microbial Diseases of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Applied and Industrial Microbiology

Microbial Ecology and Microbiomes

Filters