Question 1

When runoff containing excessive nutrients enters streams and lakes it can result in an overgrowth of cyanobacteria and algae, a process known as

Accepted Answer

A)  eutrophication. 
B)  oxidation. 
C)  fixation. 
D)  ammonification. 
E)  both ammonification and fixation. 
A)  eutrophication. 
B)  oxidation. 
C)  fixation. 
D)  ammonification. 
E)  both ammonification and fixation. A

Question 2

Which of the following conditions will support the greatest diversity of microbes?

Accepted Answer

A)  waterlogged with little mineral content 
B)  moderately moist soil with lots of organic compounds 
C)  alternating moist and dry with alkaline conditions 
D)  mostly dry soil with lots of organic compounds and acidic conditions 
E)  alternating moist and dry soil with high salt content 
A)  waterlogged with little mineral content 
B)  moderately moist soil with lots of organic compounds 
C)  alternating moist and dry with alkaline conditions 
D)  mostly dry soil with lots of organic compounds and acidic conditions 
E)  alternating moist and dry soil with high salt content B

Question 3

Bioremediation is the process of using organisms to clean up toxic, hazardous compounds by degrading them to less harmful substances.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

A microbiome typically is a single population of organisms.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

A microbiome is composed of

Accepted Answer

A)  biospheres. 
B)  microhabitats. 
C)  ecosystems. 
D)  populations 
E)  sets of guilds. 
A)  biospheres. 
B)  microhabitats. 
C)  ecosystems. 
D)  populations 
E)  sets of guilds.

Question 6

Smallpox is considered a serious potential biological weapon, whereas anthrax has been successfully used as one. Compare and contrast their potential with regard to the criteria for assessing biological threats.

Accepted Answer

The smallpox virus causes serious illnes

Question 7

Organic compounds are degraded to produce methane by (Archaea/fungi/Pseudomonas).

Accepted Answer

The answer of Organic compounds are degraded to produce methane...

Question 8

What pH conditions favor the growth of most bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  pH 2 
B)  pH 5 
C)  pH 7 
D)  pH 9 
E)  Bacteria can grow at all ranges of pH. 
A)  pH 2 
B)  pH 5 
C)  pH 7 
D)  pH 9 
E)  Bacteria can grow at all ranges of pH.

Question 9

Compare and contrast carbon fixation and nitrogen fixation.

Accepted Answer

Both processes convert inorganic compoun

Question 10

Which of the following oxidize H₂S to SO₄⁻², the form of sulfur animals use for their metabolism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Beggiatoa 
B)  Desulfovibrio 
C)  purple sulfur bacteria 
D)  both Beggiatoa and purple sulfur bacteria 
E)  both Beggiatoa and Desulfovibrio 
A)  Beggiatoa 
B)  Desulfovibrio 
C)  purple sulfur bacteria 
D)  both Beggiatoa and purple sulfur bacteria 
E)  both Beggiatoa and Desulfovibrio

Question 11

A ________ is a single species in an environment.

Accepted Answer

A)  microhabitat 
B)  population 
C)  colony 
D)  biome 
E)  guild 
A)  microhabitat 
B)  population 
C)  colony 
D)  biome 
E)  guild

Question 12

Most of the nitrogen in the environment is in the form of nitrogen gas, which is the form used by most organisms.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

The anthrax attack of fall 2001 was accomplished by mailing the agent in ordinary envelopes. This method of delivery took advantage of the ability of Bacillus anthracis to produce (aerosols/endospores/spores).

Accepted Answer

The answer of The anthrax attack of fall 2001 was...

Question 14

Soil contaminated with bird droppings may contain ________ which can cause respiratory disease in humans.

Accepted Answer

A)  Agrobacterium tumifaciens 
B)  Clostridium tetani 
C)  Streptomyces scabies 
D)  Histoplasma capsulatum 
E)  Bacillus subtilis 
A)  Agrobacterium tumifaciens 
B)  Clostridium tetani 
C)  Streptomyces scabies 
D)  Histoplasma capsulatum 
E)  Bacillus subtilis

Question 15

Why are Category B select agents considered lower risk biological agents?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are less dangerous pathogens than Category A. 
B)  They may be difficult to disperse. 
C)  They cause disease in animals but not humans. 
D)  They are less dangerous pathogens and are more difficult to disperse. 
E)  Their threat potential is unknown. 
A)  They are less dangerous pathogens than Category A. 
B)  They may be difficult to disperse. 
C)  They cause disease in animals but not humans. 
D)  They are less dangerous pathogens and are more difficult to disperse. 
E)  Their threat potential is unknown.

Question 16

What type of reactions take place in the portion of the sulfur cycle indicated in the figure?

Accepted Answer

A)  oxidation-reduction 
B)  fermentation 
C)  dissimilation 
D)  denitrification 
E)  carbon fixation 
A)  oxidation-reduction 
B)  fermentation 
C)  dissimilation 
D)  denitrification 
E)  carbon fixation

Question 17

Exposure to soil contaminated with rodent excrement may result in respiratory infection with (Coccidioides/Clostridium/Hantavirus).

Accepted Answer

The answer of Exposure to soil contaminated with rodent excrement...

Question 18

What are the levels of microbial associations in the environment? How do they relate to an ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

Microorganisms are associated with each

Question 19

What is the source of the acidic pH of some mine runoff?

Accepted Answer

A)  Iron ores are reduced by exposure to the atmosphere. 
B)  Pyrite is oxidized by exposure to the atmosphere and microbes. 
C)  Iron ores contain sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄). 
D)  Sulfur-containing ores are reduced by exposure to oxygen. 
E)  Hydrogen gas trapped in ore reacts with the atmosphere to produce hydrochloric acid (HCl). 
A)  Iron ores are reduced by exposure to the atmosphere. 
B)  Pyrite is oxidized by exposure to the atmosphere and microbes. 
C)  Iron ores contain sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄). 
D)  Sulfur-containing ores are reduced by exposure to oxygen. 
E)  Hydrogen gas trapped in ore reacts with the atmosphere to produce hydrochloric acid (HCl).

Question 20

Metal ions are useful to organisms in the ________ form.

Accepted Answer

A)  soluble 
B)  reduced 
C)  insoluble 
D)  oxidized 
E)  oxidized and insoluble 
A)  soluble 
B)  reduced 
C)  insoluble 
D)  oxidized 
E)  oxidized and insoluble

Exam 26: Microbial Ecology and Microbiomes

When runoff containing excessive nutrients enters streams and lakes it can result in an overgrowth of cyanobacteria and algae, a process known as

Which of the following conditions will support the greatest diversity of microbes?

Bioremediation is the process of using organisms to clean up toxic, hazardous compounds by degrading them to less harmful substances.

A microbiome typically is a single population of organisms.

A microbiome is composed of

Smallpox is considered a serious potential biological weapon, whereas anthrax has been successfully used as one. Compare and contrast their potential with regard to the criteria for assessing biological threats.

Organic compounds are degraded to produce methane by (Archaea/fungi/Pseudomonas).

What pH conditions favor the growth of most bacteria?

Compare and contrast carbon fixation and nitrogen fixation.

Which of the following oxidize H₂S to SO₄⁻², the form of sulfur animals use for their metabolism?

A ________ is a single species in an environment.

Most of the nitrogen in the environment is in the form of nitrogen gas, which is the form used by most organisms.

The anthrax attack of fall 2001 was accomplished by mailing the agent in ordinary envelopes. This method of delivery took advantage of the ability of Bacillus anthracis to produce (aerosols/endospores/spores).

Soil contaminated with bird droppings may contain ________ which can cause respiratory disease in humans.

Why are Category B select agents considered lower risk biological agents?

What type of reactions take place in the portion of the sulfur cycle indicated in the figure?

Exposure to soil contaminated with rodent excrement may result in respiratory infection with (Coccidioides/Clostridium/Hantavirus).

What are the levels of microbial associations in the environment? How do they relate to an ecosystem?

What is the source of the acidic pH of some mine runoff?

Metal ions are useful to organisms in the ________ form.

A Brief History of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Microbiology

Cell Structure and Function

Microscopy, Staining, and Classification

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Genetics

Recombinant DNA Technology

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Environment

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs

Characterizing and Classifying Prokaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Infection, Infectious Diseases, and Epidemiology

Innate Immunity

Adaptive Immunity

Immunization and Immune Testing

Immune Disorders

Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Wounds

Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System and Eyes

Microbial Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases

Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System

Microbial Diseases of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Applied and Industrial Microbiology

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