Question 1

Vectors usually contain genetic (markers/sequences/probes) such as antibiotic genes or fluorescent tags.

Accepted Answer

markers

Question 2

Discuss one of the pros and cons regarding the application of recombinant DNA technology.

Accepted Answer

One of the pros of the application of recombinant DNA technology is the potential for creating genetically modified organisms (GMOs) that can have beneficial traits, such as increased resistance to pests or diseases, improved nutritional content, or enhanced growth characteristics. This can lead to increased food production and potentially help address issues related to food security and malnutrition.

On the other hand, a con of this technology is the potential for unintended consequences and environmental risks. There is a concern that GMOs could have negative impacts on ecosystems, such as disrupting natural biodiversity or creating superweeds that are resistant to herbicides. Additionally, there are ethical and social concerns related to the use of GMOs, including issues of consumer acceptance and the potential for corporate control over the food supply. These factors need to be carefully considered and regulated to ensure the responsible and sustainable application of recombinant DNA technology.

Question 3

The human microbiome is very uniform across the entire species Homo sapiens in all geographic locations.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 4

The procedure used to determine whether a person has a heritable disease is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA sequencing. 
B)  microarray analysis. 
C)  genetic screening. 
D)  northern analysis. 
E)  xenotransplantation. 
A)  DNA sequencing. 
B)  microarray analysis. 
C)  genetic screening. 
D)  northern analysis. 
E)  xenotransplantation.

Question 5

Two men may be the father of a child. Figure 8.2 shows the results of a DNA fingerprint analysis to determine paternity. M is the mother, C is the child, A and B are the two men. What is the best interpretation of these results?

Accepted Answer

A)  The man identified as A is probably the father. 
B)  The man identified as B is probably the father. 
C)  Neither man is this child's father. 
D)  Either man could be this child's father. 
E)  Paternity cannot be determined from this data. 
A)  The man identified as A is probably the father. 
B)  The man identified as B is probably the father. 
C)  Neither man is this child's father. 
D)  Either man could be this child's father. 
E)  Paternity cannot be determined from this data.

Question 6

The enzyme reverse transcriptase

Accepted Answer

A)  synthesizes DNA to repair gaps in a DNA strand. 
B)  synthesizes DNA from an RNA template. 
C)  synthesizes RNA from an RNA template. 
D)  synthesizes RNA from a DNA template. 
E)  can synthesize DNA or RNA from an RNA template. 
A)  synthesizes DNA to repair gaps in a DNA strand. 
B)  synthesizes DNA from an RNA template. 
C)  synthesizes RNA from an RNA template. 
D)  synthesizes RNA from a DNA template. 
E)  can synthesize DNA or RNA from an RNA template.

Question 7

The natural role of restriction enzymes in bacteria is to

Accepted Answer

A)  make conjugation more efficient. 
B)  allow transposons to move to another place in the chromosome. 
C)  protect the cell from invading phages. 
D)  allow cells to accept foreign DNA. 
E)  provide the cell with new phenotypes, such as antibiotic resistance. 
A)  make conjugation more efficient. 
B)  allow transposons to move to another place in the chromosome. 
C)  protect the cell from invading phages. 
D)  allow cells to accept foreign DNA. 
E)  provide the cell with new phenotypes, such as antibiotic resistance.

Question 8

In gel electrophoresis, DNA molecules move toward the ________ electrode because they have an overall ________ charge.

Accepted Answer

A)  negative; negative 
B)  positive; positive 
C)  negative; positive 
D)  positive; negative 
E)  negative and positive; neutral 
A)  negative; negative 
B)  positive; positive 
C)  negative; positive 
D)  positive; negative 
E)  negative and positive; neutral

Question 9

Which of the following microbes produces a protein that kills a variety of insect pests?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pseudomonas 
B)  Haemophilus influenzae 
C)  Bacillus thuringiensis 
D)  Thermus aquaticus 
E)  Plasmodium falciparum 
A)  Pseudomonas 
B)  Haemophilus influenzae 
C)  Bacillus thuringiensis 
D)  Thermus aquaticus 
E)  Plasmodium falciparum

Question 10

The templates for next-generation sequencing are

Accepted Answer

A)  double-strand restriction fragments. 
B)  double-strand DNA on silicon chips. 
C)  double-strand PCR products. 
D)  single-strand DNA on silicon chips. 
E)  single-strand DNA on slides. 
A)  double-strand restriction fragments. 
B)  double-strand DNA on silicon chips. 
C)  double-strand PCR products. 
D)  single-strand DNA on silicon chips. 
E)  single-strand DNA on slides.

Question 11

Scientists were able to increase the production of naturally occurring vitamin A in rice plants.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Short nucleic acid molecules used to locate complementary sequences in a larger population of molecules are called (probes/primers/vectors).

Accepted Answer

The answer of Short nucleic acid molecules used to locate...

Question 13

Which of the following statements regarding vectors is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vectors are usually autonomously replicating DNA molecules. 
B)  A useful vector contains multiple restriction sites for insertion of DNA. 
C)  Vectors are generally over 100,000 base pairs in size. 
D)  Cloning vectors frequently contain sequences necessary for expression of inserted sequences. 
E)  Cloning vectors include a "marker" to facilitate identification of cells containing them. 
A)  Vectors are usually autonomously replicating DNA molecules. 
B)  A useful vector contains multiple restriction sites for insertion of DNA. 
C)  Vectors are generally over 100,000 base pairs in size. 
D)  Cloning vectors frequently contain sequences necessary for expression of inserted sequences. 
E)  Cloning vectors include a "marker" to facilitate identification of cells containing them.

Question 14

The goals of recombinant DNA technology include production of new organisms with useful combinations of traits.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Michelle wants to know which cells in a particular organ produce a specific gene product. She has a cDNA clone of the gene available. What method would be the most useful to answer this question?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sanger sequencing of the clone 
B)  real time PCR 
C)  FISH (fluorescent in situ hybridization) 
D)  restriction fragment analysis 
E)  microinjection of the gene fragment 
A)  Sanger sequencing of the clone 
B)  real time PCR 
C)  FISH (fluorescent in situ hybridization) 
D)  restriction fragment analysis 
E)  microinjection of the gene fragment

Question 16

Injecting DNA into cells can be accomplished using

Accepted Answer

A)  nitrocellulose membranes. 
B)  silicon chips and nucleic acids. 
C)  compressed air and gold beads. 
D)  micropipettes. 
E)  micropipettes, or compressed air and gold beads. 
A)  nitrocellulose membranes. 
B)  silicon chips and nucleic acids. 
C)  compressed air and gold beads. 
D)  micropipettes. 
E)  micropipettes, or compressed air and gold beads.

Question 17

Genetic (screening/sequencing/cloning) can be used to detect mutant genes associated with genetic diseases in individuals before any clinical symptoms are noted.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Genetic (screening/sequencing/cloning) can be used to detect...

Question 18

The removal of a gene from an organism's genome to study its function is a technique known as

Accepted Answer

A)  gene therapy. 
B)  gene knockout. 
C)  probe analysis. 
D)  expression vector cloning. 
E)  FISH. 
A)  gene therapy. 
B)  gene knockout. 
C)  probe analysis. 
D)  expression vector cloning. 
E)  FISH.

Question 19

A set of clones representing the entire genome of an organism is known as a gene (recombinant/map/library).

Accepted Answer

The answer of A set of clones representing the entire...

Question 20

Which of the following is common to both Sanger sequencing and next-generation sequencing?

Accepted Answer

A)  radioactive labels 
B)  gel electrophoresis 
C)  tethered DNA fragments 
D)  chain terminating nucleotides 
E)  lasers 
A)  radioactive labels 
B)  gel electrophoresis 
C)  tethered DNA fragments 
D)  chain terminating nucleotides 
E)  lasers

Exam 8: Recombinant DNA Technology

Vectors usually contain genetic (markers/sequences/probes) such as antibiotic genes or fluorescent tags.

Discuss one of the pros and cons regarding the application of recombinant DNA technology.

The human microbiome is very uniform across the entire species Homo sapiens in all geographic locations.

The procedure used to determine whether a person has a heritable disease is known as

Two men may be the father of a child. Figure 8.2 shows the results of a DNA fingerprint analysis to determine paternity. M is the mother, C is the child, A and B are the two men. What is the best interpretation of these results?

The enzyme reverse transcriptase

The natural role of restriction enzymes in bacteria is to

In gel electrophoresis, DNA molecules move toward the ________ electrode because they have an overall ________ charge.

Which of the following microbes produces a protein that kills a variety of insect pests?

The templates for next-generation sequencing are

Scientists were able to increase the production of naturally occurring vitamin A in rice plants.

Short nucleic acid molecules used to locate complementary sequences in a larger population of molecules are called (probes/primers/vectors).

Which of the following statements regarding vectors is FALSE?

The goals of recombinant DNA technology include production of new organisms with useful combinations of traits.

Michelle wants to know which cells in a particular organ produce a specific gene product. She has a cDNA clone of the gene available. What method would be the most useful to answer this question?

Injecting DNA into cells can be accomplished using

Genetic (screening/sequencing/cloning) can be used to detect mutant genes associated with genetic diseases in individuals before any clinical symptoms are noted.

The removal of a gene from an organism's genome to study its function is a technique known as

A set of clones representing the entire genome of an organism is known as a gene (recombinant/map/library).

Which of the following is common to both Sanger sequencing and next-generation sequencing?

A Brief History of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Microbiology

Cell Structure and Function

Microscopy, Staining, and Classification

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Genetics

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Environment

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs

Characterizing and Classifying Prokaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Infection, Infectious Diseases, and Epidemiology

Innate Immunity

Adaptive Immunity

Immunization and Immune Testing

Immune Disorders

Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Wounds

Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System and Eyes

Microbial Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases

Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System

Microbial Diseases of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Applied and Industrial Microbiology

Microbial Ecology and Microbiomes

Filters

In gel electrophoresis, DNA molecules move toward the electrode because they have an overall charge.