Question 1

Tetanus vaccine contains

Accepted Answer

A)  antibodies against Clostridium tetani. 
B)  inactivated Clostridium tetani endospores. 
C)  antibodies against Clostridium tetani endospores. 
D)  fragments of Clostridium tetani cell walls. 
E)  inactivated tetanospasmin. 
A)  antibodies against Clostridium tetani. 
B)  inactivated Clostridium tetani endospores. 
C)  antibodies against Clostridium tetani endospores. 
D)  fragments of Clostridium tetani cell walls. 
E)  inactivated tetanospasmin.

Question 2

Contaminated food is the source of ________, which causes meningitis in the elderly and susceptible persons.

Accepted Answer

A)  Neisseria meningitidis 
B)  Streptococcus agalactiae 
C)  Haemophilus influenzae 
D)  Listeria monocytogenes 
E)  Streptococcus pneumoniae 
A)  Neisseria meningitidis 
B)  Streptococcus agalactiae 
C)  Haemophilus influenzae 
D)  Listeria monocytogenes 
E)  Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 3

A child is brought to the hospital with a high fever, nausea, and vomiting, and complaining of headache. The cerebrospinal fluid collected by spinal tap is cloudy and contains spherical cells which stain Gram-positive. These signs and symptoms are consistent with

Accepted Answer

A)  primary amebic encephalitis caused by Naegleria. 
B)  cryptococcal meningitis due to infection with Cryptococcus neoformans. 
C)  bacterial meningitis probably due to Streptococcus. 
D)  tetanus resulting from infection with Clostridium botulinum. 
E)  aseptic meningitis from infection with Neisseria meningitidis. 
A)  primary amebic encephalitis caused by Naegleria. 
B)  cryptococcal meningitis due to infection with Cryptococcus neoformans. 
C)  bacterial meningitis probably due to Streptococcus. 
D)  tetanus resulting from infection with Clostridium botulinum. 
E)  aseptic meningitis from infection with Neisseria meningitidis.

Question 4

Tetanospasmin blocks the release of stimulatory neurotransmitters.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Which of the following nervous system diseases is treated with both passive and active immunization?

Accepted Answer

A)  arboviral encephalitis 
B)  botulism 
C)  primary amebic meningoencephalopathy 
D)  rabies 
E)  West Nile encephalitis 
A)  arboviral encephalitis 
B)  botulism 
C)  primary amebic meningoencephalopathy 
D)  rabies 
E)  West Nile encephalitis

Question 6

Compare and contrast African sleeping sickness and primary amebic meningoencephalopathy.

Accepted Answer

Both diseases are caused by protozoan pa

Question 7

One summer, bird watchers and zookeepers in a major city notice that more birds than usual are dying. At the same time reports of human encephalitis cases increase sharply. The cerebrospinal fluid of human patients is clear. Similar enveloped RNA virus particles are detected in samples from both birds and humans. Which of the following might be responsible for this outbreak?

Accepted Answer

A)  an arbovirus 
B)  coxsackie A virus 
C)  Cryptococcus neoformans 
D)  Neisseria meningitidis 
E)  rabies virus 
A)  an arbovirus 
B)  coxsackie A virus 
C)  Cryptococcus neoformans 
D)  Neisseria meningitidis 
E)  rabies virus

Question 8

Bacterial agents of meningitis which can survive phagocytosis include

Accepted Answer

A)  Neisseria meningitidis. 
B)  Streptococcus pneumoniae. 
C)  Mycobacterium leprae. 
D)  both Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae. 
E)  Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Mycobacterium leprae. 
A)  Neisseria meningitidis. 
B)  Streptococcus pneumoniae. 
C)  Mycobacterium leprae. 
D)  both Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae. 
E)  Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Mycobacterium leprae.

Question 9

Some microbes gain access to the normally axenic central nervous system by

Accepted Answer

A)  damaging the blood-brain barrier. 
B)  axonal transport from infected peripheral neurons. 
C)  infecting macrophages which subsequently enter the CNS. 
D)  infecting lymph nodes in the cranium. 
E)  either damaging the blood-brain barrier or by axonal transport from infected peripheral neurons. 
A)  damaging the blood-brain barrier. 
B)  axonal transport from infected peripheral neurons. 
C)  infecting macrophages which subsequently enter the CNS. 
D)  infecting lymph nodes in the cranium. 
E)  either damaging the blood-brain barrier or by axonal transport from infected peripheral neurons.

Question 10

Rabies is a rare zoonosis in humans but common in many other species of mammal.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Functions of the meninges include

Accepted Answer

A)  support for the brain and spinal cord. 
B)  transmission of signals from the peripheral nervous system. 
C)  protection from external shock. 
D)  production of neurotransmitters. 
E)  support for the brain and spinal cord and protection from external shock. 
A)  support for the brain and spinal cord. 
B)  transmission of signals from the peripheral nervous system. 
C)  protection from external shock. 
D)  production of neurotransmitters. 
E)  support for the brain and spinal cord and protection from external shock.

Question 12

Small subcutaneous hemorrhages called (granulations/macules/petechiae) are sometimes present in cases of meningitis.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Small subcutaneous hemorrhages called (granulations/macules/petechiae) are sometimes...

Question 13

The presence of (cocci/diplococci/coccobacilli/streptococci) in the CSF is consistent with infection with Listeria monocytogenes. (Describe the appearance of the cells.)

Accepted Answer

The answer of The presence of (cocci/diplococci/coccobacilli/streptococci) in the CSF...

Question 14

Botulism toxin disrupts motor control by

Accepted Answer

A)  blocking the release of acetylcholine by motor neurons. 
B)  causing demyelination of motor neurons. 
C)  blocking inhibitory signals to motor neurons. 
D)  killing motor neurons. 
E)  blocking acetylcholine receptors on muscle cells. 
A)  blocking the release of acetylcholine by motor neurons. 
B)  causing demyelination of motor neurons. 
C)  blocking inhibitory signals to motor neurons. 
D)  killing motor neurons. 
E)  blocking acetylcholine receptors on muscle cells.

Question 15

Describe the pathogenesis associated with Trypanosoma brucei that makes it nearly impossible for infected individuals to become immune to the pathogen.

Accepted Answer

Trypanosoma brucei is a protozoan that c

Question 16

A child is brought to the hospital with high fever and headache. During examination a stiff neck is noted. What sign indicates the child has viral meningitis instead of bacterial meningitis?

Accepted Answer

A)  blood in the CSF. 
B)  cloudy CSF. 
C)  paralysis. 
D)  clear CSF. 
E)  peripheral nerve pain. 
A)  blood in the CSF. 
B)  cloudy CSF. 
C)  paralysis. 
D)  clear CSF. 
E)  peripheral nerve pain.

Question 17

The Gram-positive diplococcus ________ is commonly found in the pharynx but may invade the central nervous system inside cells where it survives after endocytosis.

Accepted Answer

A)  Streptococcus agalactiae 
B)  Listeria monocytogenes 
C)  Haemophilus influenzae 
D)  Neisseria meningitidis 
E)  Streptococcus pneumoniae 
A)  Streptococcus agalactiae 
B)  Listeria monocytogenes 
C)  Haemophilus influenzae 
D)  Neisseria meningitidis 
E)  Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 18

A young man is experiencing fever and severe headaches, and is having difficulty staying awake. He reports having spent time in Africa on a missionary trip several months ago. Recently he spent time in a park where he went swimming in the lake and was bitten by a bat he attempted to catch. His cerebrospinal fluid is nearly clear, and contains long, slender, mobile cells. This description indicates infection with

Accepted Answer

A)  Acanthamoeba. 
B)  an enterovirus. 
C)  rabies virus. 
D)  Neisseria meningitidis. 
E)  Trypanosoma brucei. 
A)  Acanthamoeba. 
B)  an enterovirus. 
C)  rabies virus. 
D)  Neisseria meningitidis. 
E)  Trypanosoma brucei.

Question 19

Rodents are a major reservoir for rabies.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Viral meningitis is usually more serious than bacterial meningitis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 20: Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System and Eyes

Tetanus vaccine contains

Contaminated food is the source of ________, which causes meningitis in the elderly and susceptible persons.

A child is brought to the hospital with a high fever, nausea, and vomiting, and complaining of headache. The cerebrospinal fluid collected by spinal tap is cloudy and contains spherical cells which stain Gram-positive. These signs and symptoms are consistent with

Tetanospasmin blocks the release of stimulatory neurotransmitters.

Which of the following nervous system diseases is treated with both passive and active immunization?

Compare and contrast African sleeping sickness and primary amebic meningoencephalopathy.

Bacterial agents of meningitis which can survive phagocytosis include

Some microbes gain access to the normally axenic central nervous system by

Rabies is a rare zoonosis in humans but common in many other species of mammal.

Functions of the meninges include

Small subcutaneous hemorrhages called (granulations/macules/petechiae) are sometimes present in cases of meningitis.

The presence of (cocci/diplococci/coccobacilli/streptococci) in the CSF is consistent with infection with Listeria monocytogenes. (Describe the appearance of the cells.)

Botulism toxin disrupts motor control by

Describe the pathogenesis associated with Trypanosoma brucei that makes it nearly impossible for infected individuals to become immune to the pathogen.

A child is brought to the hospital with high fever and headache. During examination a stiff neck is noted. What sign indicates the child has viral meningitis instead of bacterial meningitis?

The Gram-positive diplococcus ________ is commonly found in the pharynx but may invade the central nervous system inside cells where it survives after endocytosis.

Rodents are a major reservoir for rabies.

Viral meningitis is usually more serious than bacterial meningitis.

A Brief History of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Microbiology

Cell Structure and Function

Microscopy, Staining, and Classification

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Genetics

Recombinant DNA Technology

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Environment

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs

Characterizing and Classifying Prokaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Infection, Infectious Diseases, and Epidemiology

Innate Immunity

Adaptive Immunity

Immunization and Immune Testing

Immune Disorders

Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Wounds

Microbial Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases

Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System

Microbial Diseases of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Applied and Industrial Microbiology

Microbial Ecology and Microbiomes

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