Question 1

In general, basic researchers assume that the same mental processes cannot occur in different physical situations.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 2

A student wants to know whether people who believe in an afterlife cope better with stressful life events than those who do not. Which of the following methods of answering this question does NOT
Rely on empirical data about this relationship?

Accepted Answer

A)  asking a member of the clergy whether people who believe in an afterlife cope better with stressful life events. 
B)  interviewing several people about their beliefs about an afterlife and their reactions to stressful events in their lives. 
C)  administering a questionnaire to several people that measures their coping skills and their beliefs about an afterlife. 
D)  comparing the reactions to a stressful situation of people who do and do not believe in an afterlife. 
A)  asking a member of the clergy whether people who believe in an afterlife cope better with stressful life events. 
B)  interviewing several people about their beliefs about an afterlife and their reactions to stressful events in their lives. 
C)  administering a questionnaire to several people that measures their coping skills and their beliefs about an afterlife. 
D)  comparing the reactions to a stressful situation of people who do and do not believe in an afterlife. A

Question 3

A generalization is a relatively broad statement lacking specifics that cannot be tested directly.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

The results of studies on the social loafing phenomena are explained well by the diffusion of responsibility hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The scientific method

Accepted Answer

A)  relies upon empirical observation. 
B)  has no mechanism for discarding outdated theories. 
C)  emphasizes the importance of theory over data. 
D)  emphasizes the role of data over theory. 
A)  relies upon empirical observation. 
B)  has no mechanism for discarding outdated theories. 
C)  emphasizes the importance of theory over data. 
D)  emphasizes the role of data over theory.

Question 6

The philosophical belief that the truth of all knowledge is questionable is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  cynicism. 
B)  pessimism. 
C)  skepticism. 
D)  tenacity. 
A)  cynicism. 
B)  pessimism. 
C)  skepticism. 
D)  tenacity.

Question 7

Why do you think falsifiability is a vital characteristic of a good theory? What else constitutes a good theory?

Accepted Answer

Falsifiability is a vital characteristic

Question 8

A parsimonious theory is one that

Accepted Answer

A)  does not generate testable hypotheses. 
B)  is expressed in precise, mathematical terms. 
C)  can account for the available data in the fewest possible terms. 
D)  is falsifiable. 
A)  does not generate testable hypotheses. 
B)  is expressed in precise, mathematical terms. 
C)  can account for the available data in the fewest possible terms. 
D)  is falsifiable.

Question 9

When two theories can explain some data equally well, the simpler theory is the better theory.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

A theory cannot be precise if it is testable.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

In contrast to other sciences, the verbal theories developed in psychology tend to be more precise than the mathematical theories.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Scientific beliefs are generally formed by the method of tenacity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Science is not self-correcting.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

According to the diffusion of responsibility theory, _________ could eliminate social loafing.

Accepted Answer

A)  measuring group performance 
B)  measuring individual performance in group situations 
C)  rewarding positive behavior 
D)  insisting that workers follow authority figures 
A)  measuring group performance 
B)  measuring individual performance in group situations 
C)  rewarding positive behavior 
D)  insisting that workers follow authority figures

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of applied research in psychology?

Accepted Answer

A)  Participants are asked whether or not they know the answers to a series of questions; the results show that they respond more quickly when the answer is 'no' than when the answer is 'yes.' 
B)  Two testing methods are compared to see which one is better at selecting applicants who will be successful in a job training program. 
C)  A researcher finds that people can recall more words from a list when they are asked to create an image to go with each word. 
D)  A researcher finds that people react more quickly to a signal that is expected than to one that is unexpected. 
A)  Participants are asked whether or not they know the answers to a series of questions; the results show that they respond more quickly when the answer is 'no' than when the answer is 'yes.' 
B)  Two testing methods are compared to see which one is better at selecting applicants who will be successful in a job training program. 
C)  A researcher finds that people can recall more words from a list when they are asked to create an image to go with each word. 
D)  A researcher finds that people react more quickly to a signal that is expected than to one that is unexpected.

Question 16

In the method of deduction, general explanations are generated from a theory that can be tested against data.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Why do you think it is important for scientists to be skeptical?

Accepted Answer

Scientific skepticism is a fundamental a

Question 18

Applied research is likely to have practical applications.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

The inductive scientist

Accepted Answer

A)  believes that explanation will become obvious once enough data are collected. 
B)  uses theory to guide research. 
C)  is concerned with testing between conflicting predictions made by different theories. 
D)  does not collect data. 
A)  believes that explanation will become obvious once enough data are collected. 
B)  uses theory to guide research. 
C)  is concerned with testing between conflicting predictions made by different theories. 
D)  does not collect data.

Question 20

Theory in psychology serves to both organize data and to

Accepted Answer

A)  Generate prediction for untested situations. 
B)  allow psychology to be termed a natural science. 
C)  validate psychological findings. 
D)  ensure the reliability of data. 
A)  Generate prediction for untested situations. 
B)  allow psychology to be termed a natural science. 
C)  validate psychological findings. 
D)  ensure the reliability of data.

In general, basic researchers assume that the same mental processes cannot occur in different physical situations.

A student wants to know whether people who believe in an afterlife cope better with stressful life events than those who do not. Which of the following methods of answering this question does NOT Rely on empirical data about this relationship?

A generalization is a relatively broad statement lacking specifics that cannot be tested directly.

The results of studies on the social loafing phenomena are explained well by the diffusion of responsibility hypothesis.

The scientific method

The philosophical belief that the truth of all knowledge is questionable is known as

Why do you think falsifiability is a vital characteristic of a good theory? What else constitutes a good theory?

A parsimonious theory is one that

When two theories can explain some data equally well, the simpler theory is the better theory.

A theory cannot be precise if it is testable.

In contrast to other sciences, the verbal theories developed in psychology tend to be more precise than the mathematical theories.

Scientific beliefs are generally formed by the method of tenacity.

Science is not self-correcting.

According to the diffusion of responsibility theory, _________ could eliminate social loafing.

Which of the following is an example of applied research in psychology?

In the method of deduction, general explanations are generated from a theory that can be tested against data.

Why do you think it is important for scientists to be skeptical?

Applied research is likely to have practical applications.

The inductive scientist

Theory in psychology serves to both organize data and to

Research Techniques: Observation and Correlation

Research Techniques: Experiments

Ethics in Psychological Research

How to Read and Write Research Reports

Psychophysics

Perception

Attention and Reaction Time

Learning and Conditioning

Remembering and Forgetting

Thinking and Problem Solving

Individual Differences and Development

Social Psychology

Environmental Psychology

Human Factors

Experimental Psychology: A Historical Sketch

Statistical Reasoning: An Introduction

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Exam 1: Explanation in Scientific Psychology

In general, basic researchers assume that the same mental processes cannot occur in different physical situations.

A student wants to know whether people who believe in an afterlife cope better with stressful life events than those who do not. Which of the following methods of answering this question does NOT Rely on empirical data about this relationship?

A generalization is a relatively broad statement lacking specifics that cannot be tested directly.

The results of studies on the social loafing phenomena are explained well by the diffusion of responsibility hypothesis.

The scientific method

The philosophical belief that the truth of all knowledge is questionable is known as

Why do you think falsifiability is a vital characteristic of a good theory? What else constitutes a good theory?

A parsimonious theory is one that

When two theories can explain some data equally well, the simpler theory is the better theory.

A theory cannot be precise if it is testable.

In contrast to other sciences, the verbal theories developed in psychology tend to be more precise than the mathematical theories.

Scientific beliefs are generally formed by the method of tenacity.

Science is not self-correcting.

According to the diffusion of responsibility theory, _________ could eliminate social loafing.

Which of the following is an example of applied research in psychology?

In the method of deduction, general explanations are generated from a theory that can be tested against data.

Why do you think it is important for scientists to be skeptical?

Applied research is likely to have practical applications.

The inductive scientist

Theory in psychology serves to both organize data and to

Research Techniques: Observation and Correlation

Research Techniques: Experiments

Ethics in Psychological Research

How to Read and Write Research Reports

Psychophysics

Perception

Attention and Reaction Time

Learning and Conditioning

Remembering and Forgetting

Thinking and Problem Solving

Individual Differences and Development

Social Psychology

Environmental Psychology

Human Factors

Experimental Psychology: A Historical Sketch

Statistical Reasoning: An Introduction

Filters