Question 1

Which of the following is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is a clear-cut distinction between recall and recognition. 
B)  Forced choice tests are preferred to yes/no tests because correcting for guessing is less of a problem with the forced choice procedure. 
C)  The number of errors made on a memory test is frequently used as a dependent variable in memory experiments. 
D)  Scale attenuation effects can be a problem in research on memory. 
A)  There is a clear-cut distinction between recall and recognition. 
B)  Forced choice tests are preferred to yes/no tests because correcting for guessing is less of a problem with the forced choice procedure. 
C)  The number of errors made on a memory test is frequently used as a dependent variable in memory experiments. 
D)  Scale attenuation effects can be a problem in research on memory. A

Question 2

Which of the following early researchers is credited with inventing the method of paired associates?

Accepted Answer

A)  William James 
B)  Hermann Ebbinghaus 
C)  Mary Calkins 
D)  Endel Tulving 
A)  William James 
B)  Hermann Ebbinghaus 
C)  Mary Calkins 
D)  Endel Tulving C

Question 3

The finding that pictures produce more priming than words on a word fragment completion test is known as the picture superiority effect.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 4

In an experiment, a group of participants with amnesia and a group of control participants studied a list of words and an hour later were given a free recall test and a word fragment completion test. The results, in Percent correct, were as follows:
Controls Amnesic Patients
Free Recall: 65% 25%
Word Fragment Completion
Studied Words: 75% 65%
Non-Studied Words: 25% 15%

Accepted Answer

The results of the experiment indicate t

Question 5

An experimental psychologist wants to study the effects of depth of processing controlling for the effects of other study strategies that the participants might use spontaneously if they know they are going to be tested on their memory. To do this, the experimenter tells the participants that they are going to be participating in a reaction time test to see how quickly they can make different kinds of judgments about each of a series of words that will be presented to them, and they are not told that they will be tested for memory of the words. These instructions to the subjects are called

Accepted Answer

A)  a pilot test. 
B)  an orienting task. 
C)  intentional learning instructions. 
D)  priming. 
A)  a pilot test. 
B)  an orienting task. 
C)  intentional learning instructions. 
D)  priming.

Question 6

Proactive interference occurs when previously learned information interferes with recall for more recently learned information.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

In a free recall test, people are required to recall information in the order it was presented but in serial recall the order of recall is irrelevant.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

(1) Identify the independent and dependent variables.
(2) Calculate the priming scores.
(3) Graph the results in a bar and a line graph (include priming).
(4) Label all the important parts of the graphs.
(5) Are there main effects and an interaction? Is so, what kind?
(6) Briefly interpret these results.
-Discuss the following statement, providing specific examples: The term memory is broad and includes many types of memories.

Accepted Answer

1) The independent variable is the type

Question 9

Forced-choice recognition tests are multiple-choice tests.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of a multifactor experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Performance on a list-learning task is compared for male and female participants. 
B)  Recall performance is measured for a 10 item list versus a 50 item list. 
C)  Amount of forgetting for a word list is measured as a function of number of presentations and word length. 
D)  Percent recall is compared between a group who studies a list for 20 minutes and a group who studies for only 10 minutes. 
A)  Performance on a list-learning task is compared for male and female participants. 
B)  Recall performance is measured for a 10 item list versus a 50 item list. 
C)  Amount of forgetting for a word list is measured as a function of number of presentations and word length. 
D)  Percent recall is compared between a group who studies a list for 20 minutes and a group who studies for only 10 minutes.

Question 11

There is no way to avoid ceiling and floor effects in memory research; we just have to learn to interpret them carefully.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Ebbinghaus used savings as a dependent variable in his experiments because the number of trials to criterion was constant.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

In a list-learning experiment, one measure may be the number of study trials needed to reach some criterion of performance.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The trials to criterion measure of memory is still widely used today.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Performance on explicit memory tasks does not require recollection of past events.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Which of the following is an instance of proactive interference?

Accepted Answer

A)  You learned French in high school and now you confuse French words with new words you are learning in your Spanish class. 
B)  You find that after completing a computer programming course in C++ this semester, you cannot remember the Visual Basic commands that you learned last year. 
C)  You have trouble recalling the names of your grade school classmates. 
D)  You find that the course you took in Western Civilization last semester is helping you understand the work that you are reading for your Comparative Literature course this semester. 
A)  You learned French in high school and now you confuse French words with new words you are learning in your Spanish class. 
B)  You find that after completing a computer programming course in C++ this semester, you cannot remember the Visual Basic commands that you learned last year. 
C)  You have trouble recalling the names of your grade school classmates. 
D)  You find that the course you took in Western Civilization last semester is helping you understand the work that you are reading for your Comparative Literature course this semester.

Question 17

Multiple choice tests are similar to _______tests, and essay tests are similar to _______ tests.

Accepted Answer

A)  yes/no recognition; free recall 
B)  forced choice recognition; serial recall 
C)  forced choice recognition; free recall 
D)  yes/no recognition; serial recall 
A)  yes/no recognition; free recall 
B)  forced choice recognition; serial recall 
C)  forced choice recognition; free recall 
D)  yes/no recognition; serial recall

Question 18

Why did Ebbinghaus consider it important to use nonsense syllables in his memory experiments?

Accepted Answer

A)  He did not think that CVCs would be difficult to learn. 
B)  He wanted to reduce the likelihood that linguistic associations could be formed among the stimuli. 
C)  He wanted to minimize savings in learning stimulus lists for the second time. 
D)  He was studying retroactive interference. 
A)  He did not think that CVCs would be difficult to learn. 
B)  He wanted to reduce the likelihood that linguistic associations could be formed among the stimuli. 
C)  He wanted to minimize savings in learning stimulus lists for the second time. 
D)  He was studying retroactive interference.

Question 19

Remembering information for several seconds involves _______ memory.

Accepted Answer

A)  implicit 
B)  short-term 
C)  intermediate 
D)  long-term 
A)  implicit 
B)  short-term 
C)  intermediate 
D)  long-term

Question 20

The use of nonsense syllables was not a perfect solution to the problems Ebbinghaus hoped to avoid by their use because

Accepted Answer

A)  nonsense syllables are hard to learn. 
B)  he was the only subject in his experiments. 
C)  meaning may be attached to nonsense syllables. 
D)  none of these 
A)  nonsense syllables are hard to learn. 
B)  he was the only subject in his experiments. 
C)  meaning may be attached to nonsense syllables. 
D)  none of these

Which of the following is NOT true?

Which of the following early researchers is credited with inventing the method of paired associates?

The finding that pictures produce more priming than words on a word fragment completion test is known as the picture superiority effect.

Proactive interference occurs when previously learned information interferes with recall for more recently learned information.

In a free recall test, people are required to recall information in the order it was presented but in serial recall the order of recall is irrelevant.

Forced-choice recognition tests are multiple-choice tests.

Which of the following is an example of a multifactor experiment?

There is no way to avoid ceiling and floor effects in memory research; we just have to learn to interpret them carefully.

Ebbinghaus used savings as a dependent variable in his experiments because the number of trials to criterion was constant.

In a list-learning experiment, one measure may be the number of study trials needed to reach some criterion of performance.

The trials to criterion measure of memory is still widely used today.

Performance on explicit memory tasks does not require recollection of past events.

Which of the following is an instance of proactive interference?

Multiple choice tests are similar to _tests, and essay tests are similar to _ tests.

Why did Ebbinghaus consider it important to use nonsense syllables in his memory experiments?

Remembering information for several seconds involves _______ memory.

The use of nonsense syllables was not a perfect solution to the problems Ebbinghaus hoped to avoid by their use because

Explanation in Scientific Psychology

Research Techniques: Observation and Correlation

Research Techniques: Experiments

Ethics in Psychological Research

How to Read and Write Research Reports

Psychophysics

Perception

Attention and Reaction Time

Learning and Conditioning

Thinking and Problem Solving

Individual Differences and Development

Social Psychology

Environmental Psychology

Human Factors

Experimental Psychology: A Historical Sketch

Statistical Reasoning: An Introduction

Filters

Exam 10: Remembering and Forgetting

Which of the following is NOT true?

Which of the following early researchers is credited with inventing the method of paired associates?

The finding that pictures produce more priming than words on a word fragment completion test is known as the picture superiority effect.

Proactive interference occurs when previously learned information interferes with recall for more recently learned information.

In a free recall test, people are required to recall information in the order it was presented but in serial recall the order of recall is irrelevant.

Forced-choice recognition tests are multiple-choice tests.

Which of the following is an example of a multifactor experiment?

There is no way to avoid ceiling and floor effects in memory research; we just have to learn to interpret them carefully.

Ebbinghaus used savings as a dependent variable in his experiments because the number of trials to criterion was constant.

In a list-learning experiment, one measure may be the number of study trials needed to reach some criterion of performance.

The trials to criterion measure of memory is still widely used today.

Performance on explicit memory tasks does not require recollection of past events.

Which of the following is an instance of proactive interference?

Multiple choice tests are similar to _______tests, and essay tests are similar to _______ tests.

Why did Ebbinghaus consider it important to use nonsense syllables in his memory experiments?

Remembering information for several seconds involves _______ memory.

The use of nonsense syllables was not a perfect solution to the problems Ebbinghaus hoped to avoid by their use because

Explanation in Scientific Psychology

Research Techniques: Observation and Correlation

Research Techniques: Experiments

Ethics in Psychological Research

How to Read and Write Research Reports

Psychophysics

Perception

Attention and Reaction Time

Learning and Conditioning

Thinking and Problem Solving

Individual Differences and Development

Social Psychology

Environmental Psychology

Human Factors

Experimental Psychology: A Historical Sketch

Statistical Reasoning: An Introduction

Filters

Multiple choice tests are similar to _tests, and essay tests are similar to _ tests.