Question 1

Approximately what fraction of flowering plants is polyploid?

Accepted Answer

A)  1% 
B)  10% 
C)  25% 
D)  50% 
E)  80% 
A)  1% 
B)  10% 
C)  25% 
D)  50% 
E)  80%

Question 2

An organism with multiple sets of chromosomes from different species is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  a gametopolyploid. 
B)  a heteropolypoloid. 
C)  a hybrid polyploid. 
D)  an autopolyploid. 
E)  an allopolyploid. 
A)  a gametopolyploid. 
B)  a heteropolypoloid. 
C)  a hybrid polyploid. 
D)  an autopolyploid. 
E)  an allopolyploid.

Question 3

Speciation is more likely to occur if the isolated population is large.
_______

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

The Hawthorne and apple maggot flies appear to have become reproductively isolated from each other largely because:

Accepted Answer

A)  they occur on different sides of the Mississippi River. 
B)  they have different mating behaviors. 
C)  they occupy different parts of the habitat. 
D)  they have adapted to two different hosts. 
E)  they mate at different times of the day. 
A)  they occur on different sides of the Mississippi River. 
B)  they have different mating behaviors. 
C)  they occupy different parts of the habitat. 
D)  they have adapted to two different hosts. 
E)  they mate at different times of the day.

Question 5

Define paedomorphosis and allometric growth, and briefly explain how each contributes to the process of macroevolution.

Accepted Answer

Paedomorphosis occurs when juvenile char

Question 6

Many new species of desert lizards have arisen from a nonnative population which was introduced into the American southwest.This example best describes:

Accepted Answer

A)  the effects of climatic change. 
B)  sympatric speciation. 
C)  adaptive radiation. 
D)  microevolution. 
E)  allopatric speciation. 
A)  the effects of climatic change. 
B)  sympatric speciation. 
C)  adaptive radiation. 
D)  microevolution. 
E)  allopatric speciation.

Question 7

The ranges of black bears and brown bears overlap.However, black bears spend most of their time in the woods and brown bears spend most of their time along the river.Which of the following best describes why black and brown bears do not interbreed?

Accepted Answer

A)  environmental isolation 
B)  biological isolation 
C)  evolutionary isolation 
D)  habitat isolation 
E)  temporal isolation 
A)  environmental isolation 
B)  biological isolation 
C)  evolutionary isolation 
D)  habitat isolation 
E)  temporal isolation

Question 8

Figure 20-1
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).  
-The end result of the process in Figure 20-1 is:

Accepted Answer

A)  sympatric speciation. 
B)  allopolyploidy. 
C)  hybridization. 
D)  rapid speciation. 
E)  All responses apply. 
A)  sympatric speciation. 
B)  allopolyploidy. 
C)  hybridization. 
D)  rapid speciation. 
E)  All responses apply.

Question 9

An alloploid contains multiple sets of chromosomes from a single species.
______

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

What type of speciation is most common in animals?

Accepted Answer

A)  hybridization 
B)  allopatric 
C)  allopolyploidy 
D)  sympatric 
E)  paedomorphosis 
A)  hybridization 
B)  allopatric 
C)  allopolyploidy 
D)  sympatric 
E)  paedomorphosis

Question 11

The area where two populations overlap and breeding occurs, even if biologists consider the populations to be different species, is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  a homozygous zone. 
B)  a hybrid zone. 
C)  an autologous zone. 
D)  an adaptive zone. 
E)  a primary zone. 
A)  a homozygous zone. 
B)  a hybrid zone. 
C)  an autologous zone. 
D)  an adaptive zone. 
E)  a primary zone.

Question 12

Which model would predict the abrupt appearance of a new species in the fossil record, with little or no evidence of intermediate forms?

Accepted Answer

A)  anagenesis 
B)  gradualism 
C)  microevolution 
D)  paedomorphosis 
E)  punctuated equilibrium 
A)  anagenesis 
B)  gradualism 
C)  microevolution 
D)  paedomorphosis 
E)  punctuated equilibrium

Question 13

Matings between two species that produce embryos that fail to develop are evidence of:

Accepted Answer

A)  hybrid sterility 
B)  hybrid breakdown. 
C)  hybrid inviability. 
D)  ecological barriers 
E)  prezygotic isolation. 
A)  hybrid sterility 
B)  hybrid breakdown. 
C)  hybrid inviability. 
D)  ecological barriers 
E)  prezygotic isolation.

Question 14

Figure 20-2
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).  
-Refer to Figure 20-2.The type of speciation mechanism that occurred between the Poo-uli and the Apapane is most likely:

Accepted Answer

A)  allopatric speciation. 
B)  allopolyploidy. 
C)  sympatric speciation. 
D)  punctuated equilibrium. 
E)  macroevolution. 
A)  allopatric speciation. 
B)  allopolyploidy. 
C)  sympatric speciation. 
D)  punctuated equilibrium. 
E)  macroevolution.

Question 15

Selection of mates based on appearance or some other characteristic is termed:

Accepted Answer

A)  zygotic choice. 
B)  sexual selection. 
C)  postzygotic selection. 
D)  gametic preference. 
E)  sexual orientation. 
A)  zygotic choice. 
B)  sexual selection. 
C)  postzygotic selection. 
D)  gametic preference. 
E)  sexual orientation.

Question 16

A newly evolved species may take over an ecological role or ecological niche that is already occupied if the new species has:

Accepted Answer

A)  the ability to alter or change the environmental parameters. 
B)  features that make it competitively superior to the original occupant of that niche. 
C)  the ability to evolve through natural selection, whereas the original occupant cannot continue to evolve. 
D)  the ability to grow to a larger size, thus providing it with a selective advantage. 
E)  fitness that is almost as high as the fitness of the original species. 
A)  the ability to alter or change the environmental parameters. 
B)  features that make it competitively superior to the original occupant of that niche. 
C)  the ability to evolve through natural selection, whereas the original occupant cannot continue to evolve. 
D)  the ability to grow to a larger size, thus providing it with a selective advantage. 
E)  fitness that is almost as high as the fitness of the original species.

Question 17

In __________ speciation, a population forms a new species within the same geographical region as the original species.

Accepted Answer

A)  allopatric 
B)  sympatric 
C)  heterogeneous 
D)  autologous 
E)  parapatric 
A)  allopatric 
B)  sympatric 
C)  heterogeneous 
D)  autologous 
E)  parapatric

Question 18

Having legs longer than your arms is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  an allometric growth pattern. 
B)  an adaptive growth pattern. 
C)  an allopatric growth pattern. 
D)  paedomorphosis. 
E)  a preadaptation. 
A)  an allometric growth pattern. 
B)  an adaptive growth pattern. 
C)  an allopatric growth pattern. 
D)  paedomorphosis. 
E)  a preadaptation.

Question 19

New ecological roles that were not previously exploited by an ancestral organism are referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  paedomorphosis. 
B)  adaptive zones. 
C)  punctuated equilibrium. 
D)  adaptive radiation. 
E)  sympatric speciation. 
A)  paedomorphosis. 
B)  adaptive zones. 
C)  punctuated equilibrium. 
D)  adaptive radiation. 
E)  sympatric speciation.

Question 20

Which of the following represents a prezygotic barrier to reproduction?

Accepted Answer

A)  hybrid sterility 
B)  hybrid breakdown 
C)  behavioral isolation 
D)  hybrid inviability 
E)  hybrid weakness 
A)  hybrid sterility 
B)  hybrid breakdown 
C)  behavioral isolation 
D)  hybrid inviability 
E)  hybrid weakness

Exam 20: Speciation and Macroevolution

Approximately what fraction of flowering plants is polyploid?

An organism with multiple sets of chromosomes from different species is called:

Speciation is more likely to occur if the isolated population is large. _______

The Hawthorne and apple maggot flies appear to have become reproductively isolated from each other largely because:

Define paedomorphosis and allometric growth, and briefly explain how each contributes to the process of macroevolution.

Many new species of desert lizards have arisen from a nonnative population which was introduced into the American southwest.This example best describes:

The ranges of black bears and brown bears overlap.However, black bears spend most of their time in the woods and brown bears spend most of their time along the river.Which of the following best describes why black and brown bears do not interbreed?

Figure 20-1 Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s). -The end result of the process in Figure 20-1 is:

An alloploid contains multiple sets of chromosomes from a single species. ______

What type of speciation is most common in animals?

The area where two populations overlap and breeding occurs, even if biologists consider the populations to be different species, is known as:

Which model would predict the abrupt appearance of a new species in the fossil record, with little or no evidence of intermediate forms?

Matings between two species that produce embryos that fail to develop are evidence of:

Figure 20-2 Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s). -Refer to Figure 20-2.The type of speciation mechanism that occurred between the Poo-uli and the Apapane is most likely:

Selection of mates based on appearance or some other characteristic is termed:

A newly evolved species may take over an ecological role or ecological niche that is already occupied if the new species has:

In __________ speciation, a population forms a new species within the same geographical region as the original species.

Having legs longer than your arms is an example of:

New ecological roles that were not previously exploited by an ancestral organism are referred to as:

Which of the following represents a prezygotic barrier to reproduction?

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules: the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life: Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Make Atp: Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis: Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

Dna: the Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

Gene Regulation

Dna Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity: Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function: an Introduction

Protection, Support, and Movement

Neural Signaling

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

The Immune System: Internal Defense

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology: Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

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